Eritrea and Ethiopia

Eritrea on Governance & Institutions →Ethiopia on Governance & Institutions →

Key statistics · the 4 the Governance & Institutions standing is built from

1. Corruption Perceptions Index

   Transparency International · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 182 countries measured, values run from 9 to 89; the middle country is at 39.

   9dashed: the middle country, 3989

   Eritrea: 13177th of 181 · rank

   Ethiopia: 3896th of 181 · rank

2. Government Effectiveness

   World Bank Group · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 209 countries measured, values run from -2.251 to 2.092; the middle country is at 0.101.

   -2.251dashed: the middle country, 0.1012.092

   Eritrea: -1.526

   Ethiopia: -0.616

3. Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index

   V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 176 countries measured, values run from 0.003 to 0.988; the middle country is at 0.676.

   0.003dashed: the middle country, 0.6760.988

   Eritrea: 0.028

   Ethiopia: 0.213

4. Statistical Performance Indicators

   World Bank Group · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 188 countries measured, values run from 27.12 to 94.14; the middle country is at 69.3.

   27.12dashed: the middle country, 69.394.14

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 61.75

Measured for Ethiopia only: Completeness of Birth Registration · Debt Service on External Debt · Foundational ID Ownership · General Government Consumption · Old-Age Pension Coverage · Open Data Inventory · Public Sector Employment · Trade Union Density

Ethiopia on Economy & Innovation →

Key statistics · the 4 the Economy & Innovation standing is built from

1. Account Ownership at a Financial Institution

   World Bank Group · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 139 countries measured, values run from 14.83 to 99.85; the middle country is at 72.83.

   14.83dashed: the middle country, 72.8399.85

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 48.83

2. Economic Complexity Index

   Growth Lab at Harvard University · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 145 countries measured, values run from -3.53 to 1.729; the middle country is at 0.131.

   -3.53dashed: the middle country, 0.1311.729

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: -1.091122nd of 145 · rank

3. Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit

   World Bank Group · latest reading per country · Higher is better

   Across the 179 countries measured, values run from 2.113 to 88.52; the middle country is at 35.95.

   2.113dashed: the middle country, 35.9588.52

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 23.452025

4. GDP per Capita (PPP)

   World Bank Group · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 185 countries measured, values run from 1,067 to 139,593; the middle country is at 17,265.

   1,067dashed: the middle country, 17,265139,593

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 3,095

Measured for Ethiopia only: Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP) · Adjusted Net Savings · Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP) · Complexity Outlook Index · Comprehensive Wealth per Capita · Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP) · Frontier Technology Readiness Index · GDP Growth · Global Innovation Index · GNI per Capita (PPP) · Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) · Gross Savings (% of GDP) · Historical GDP per Capita (Maddison) · Household Consumption · Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP) · Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP) · Inflation, GDP Deflator · Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate) · Management Practices Index · Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) · New Business Density · Price Level of Household Consumption · Researchers per Million Inhabitants · Services Exports · Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) · Trade (% of GDP)

Eritrea on Work & Labour →Ethiopia on Work & Labour →

Key statistics · the 4 the Work & Labour standing is built from

1. Employment-to-Population Ratio

   ILO · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 182 countries measured, values run from 21.21 to 86.9; the middle country is at 57.72.

   21.21dashed: the middle country, 57.7286.9

   Eritrea: 73.66

   Ethiopia: 66.19

2. Labour Income Share

   ILO · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 182 countries measured, values run from 9.691 to 75.13; the middle country is at 46.23.

   9.691dashed: the middle country, 46.2375.13

   Eritrea: 35.89

   Ethiopia: 38.52

3. Unemployment Rate

   ILO · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 182 countries measured, values run from 0.13 to 34.2; the middle country is at 5.084.

   0.13dashed: the middle country, 5.08434.2

   Eritrea: 5.978

   Ethiopia: 3.323

4. Vulnerable Employment

   ILO · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 182 countries measured, values run from 0.456 to 90.22; the middle country is at 28.67.

   0.456dashed: the middle country, 28.6790.22

   Eritrea: 47.89

   Ethiopia: 84.15

Measured for Ethiopia only: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added per Worker · Employment Injury Protection Coverage · GDP per Person Employed · Human Capital Wealth per Capita · Unemployment Benefit Coverage · Working Poverty Rate

Eritrea on Education & Knowledge →Ethiopia on Education & Knowledge →

Key statistics · the 4 the Education & Knowledge standing is built from

1. Government Spending on Education

   UIS · 2023 · Higher is better

   Across the 123 countries measured, values run from 0 to 16.39; the middle country is at 3.709.

   0dashed: the middle country, 3.70916.39

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 2.927

2. Out-of-School Rate, Primary

   UIS · latest reading per country · Lower is better

   Across the 192 countries measured, values run from 0.004 to 65.6; the middle country is at 3.691.

   0.004dashed: the middle country, 3.69165.6

   Eritrea: 40.382022

   Ethiopia: 22.462024

3. Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary

   UIS · latest reading per country · Higher is better

   Across the 187 countries measured, values run from 3.411 to 100; the middle country is at 85.9.

   3.411dashed: the middle country, 85.9100

   Eritrea: 37.792022

   Ethiopia: 62.592024

4. Upper Secondary Completion Rate

   UIS · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 164 countries measured, values run from 2.13 to 99.27; the middle country is at 64.87.

   2.13dashed: the middle country, 64.8799.27

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 15.45

Measured for Ethiopia only: Female Share of Researchers · Harmonized Test Scores · Intergenerational Persistence in Education · Learning Poverty · Learning-Adjusted Years of School · Lower Secondary Completion Rate · Nobel Prize Laureates by Country of Birth · Out-of-School Rate, Lower Secondary Age · Pre-Primary Net Enrolment Rate · Primary Completion Rate · Pupils per Qualified Teacher, Primary · Trust in Scientists · Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion

Eritrea on Health & Wellbeing →Ethiopia on Health & Wellbeing →

Key statistics · the 4 the Health & Wellbeing standing is built from

1. Life Expectancy at Birth

   UN DESA Population Division · 2023 · Higher is better

   Across the 222 countries measured, values run from 54.46 to 86.37; the middle country is at 74.63.

   54.46dashed: the middle country, 74.6386.37

   Eritrea: 68.62

   Ethiopia: 67.31

2. Prevalence of Severe Food Insecurity

   FAO · 2023 · Lower is better

   Across the 133 countries measured, values run from 0 to 63.1; the middle country is at 4.7.

   0dashed: the middle country, 4.763.1

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 19

3. Stunting Prevalence in Children Under Five

   UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates) · latest reading per country · Lower is better

   Across the 162 countries measured, values run from 0.518 to 52.8; the middle country is at 13.8.

   0.518dashed: the middle country, 13.852.8

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 36.782019

4. Under-Five Mortality Rate

   UN IGME · 2024 · Lower is better

   Across the 200 countries measured, values run from 1.26 to 115.65; the middle country is at 14.54.

   1.26dashed: the middle country, 14.54115.65

   Eritrea: 34.3

   Ethiopia: 44.5

Measured for Eritrea only: Low Birthweight Prevalence

Measured for Ethiopia only: Adults Who Have Been Too Anxious or Depressed to Carry On · Agreement That Vaccines Are Safe · Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health Spending · Coefficient of Variation of Habitual Caloric Consumption · Cost of a Healthy Diet · Fish and Seafood Supply per Person · Fruit Supply per Person · Gender Inequality Index · Global Multidimensional Poverty Index · Global Report on Food Crises · Human Capital Index · Meat Supply per Person · Minimum Dietary Diversity, Children Aged 6–23 Months · Postnatal Care for Newborns Within Two Days · Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity · Prevalence of Undernourishment · Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 Months · Share of Dietary Energy Supply from Cereals, Roots and Tubers · Vegetable Supply per Person

Eritrea on Development & Human Capital →Ethiopia on Development & Human Capital →

Key statistics · the 3 the Development & Human Capital standing is built from

1. Human Development Index

   UNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · Higher is better

   Across the 193 countries measured, values run from 0.388 to 0.972; the middle country is at 0.762.

   0.388dashed: the middle country, 0.7620.972

   Eritrea: 0.503178th of 193 · rank

   Ethiopia: 0.497180th of 193 · rank

2. Maternal Mortality Ratio

   MMEIG · 2023 · Lower is better

   Across the 195 countries measured, values run from 0.11 to 992.83; the middle country is at 46.65.

   0.11dashed: the middle country, 46.65992.83

   Eritrea: 291.36

   Ethiopia: 194.94

3. Social Protection Coverage

   ILO · latest reading per country · Higher is better

   Across the 209 countries measured, values run from 0 to 100; the middle country is at 52.1.

   0dashed: the middle country, 52.1100

   Eritrea: 8.42021

   Ethiopia: 11.52024

Measured for Ethiopia only: Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits · Coefficient of Human Inequality · Gender Development Index · Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index · Multidimensional Poverty Measure · Net Official Development Assistance Received · Poverty Headcount at $3.00 a Day, Line-up Estimates

Eritrea on Environment & Sustainability →Ethiopia on Environment & Sustainability →

Key statistics · the 4 the Environment & Sustainability standing is built from

1. CO₂ Emissions per Capita

   Global Carbon Project · 2024 · Lower is better

   Across the 210 countries measured, values run from 0.054 to 41.27; the middle country is at 3.21.

   0.054dashed: the middle country, 3.2141.27

   Eritrea: 0.21

   Ethiopia: 0.135

2. Ecological Footprint

   Global Footprint Network · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 126 countries measured, values run from 0.514 to 11.73; the middle country is at 2.296.

   0.514dashed: the middle country, 2.29611.73

   Eritrea: 0.714

   Ethiopia: 0.877

3. Organic Agricultural Area

   FAO · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 156 countries measured, values run from 0 to 86.38; the middle country is at 0.725.

   0dashed: the middle country, 0.72586.38

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 0.59

4. Water Stress

   FAO · 2023 · Lower is better

   Across the 177 countries measured, values run from 0.03 to 3,851; the middle country is at 10.

   0.03dashed: the middle country, 103,851

   Eritrea: 11.18

   Ethiopia: 32.26

Measured for Eritrea only: Coal Share of Electricity Generation · Low-Carbon Share of Electricity Generation · Mangrove Area · Solar Share of Electricity Generation · Wind and Solar Share of Electricity Generation

Measured for Ethiopia only: Agricultural Irrigated Land · Consumption-Based CO₂ Emissions · Municipal Solid Waste Generation · Operating Coal Power Capacity · Operating Wind Power Capacity · Temperature Change on Land · Tropical Moist Forest Deforestation

Eritrea on Gender & Equality →Ethiopia on Gender & Equality →

Key statistics · the 4 the Gender & Equality standing is built from

1. Firms with a Female Top Manager

   World Bank Group · latest reading per country · Higher is better

   Across the 179 countries measured, values run from 1.429 to 62.9; the middle country is at 19.16.

   1.429dashed: the middle country, 19.1662.9

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 16.442025

2. Social Institutions and Gender Index

   OECD · 2023 · Lower is better

   Across the 140 countries measured, values run from 6.7 to 67.4; the middle country is at 25.2.

   6.7dashed: the middle country, 25.267.4

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 30.8

3. Women, Business and the Law

   World Bank Group · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 190 countries measured, values run from 3.125 to 100; the middle country is at 81.25.

   3.125dashed: the middle country, 81.25100

   Eritrea: 69.38

   Ethiopia: 80

4. Women's Political Empowerment Index

   V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 176 countries measured, values run from 0.028 to 0.954; the middle country is at 0.772.

   0.028dashed: the middle country, 0.7720.954

   Eritrea: 0.151

   Ethiopia: 0.691

Measured for Ethiopia only: Account Ownership Among Women · Female-Headed Households · Gender Social Norms Index · Legal Guarantees of Women's Equal Rights to Land · Women's Share of Agricultural Landowners

Eritrea on Democracy & Civil Liberties →Ethiopia on Democracy & Civil Liberties →

Key statistics · the 4 the Democracy & Civil Liberties standing is built from

1. Civic Space Ratings

   CIVICUS · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 198 countries measured, values run from 2.17 to 100; the middle country is at 50.46.

   2.17dashed: the middle country, 50.46100

   Eritrea: 4

   Ethiopia: 20.49

2. Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index

   EIP · latest reading per country · Higher is better

   Across the 171 countries measured, values run from 12.86 to 88.61; the middle country is at 54.78.

   12.86dashed: the middle country, 54.7888.61

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 44.62021

3. Rule of Law

   World Bank Group · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 211 countries measured, values run from -2.199 to 2.012; the middle country is at -0.102.

   -2.199dashed: the middle country, -0.1022.012

   Eritrea: -1.769

   Ethiopia: -0.938

4. V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index

   V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 176 countries measured, values run from 0.016 to 0.913; the middle country is at 0.497.

   0.016dashed: the middle country, 0.4970.913

   Eritrea: 0.069

   Ethiopia: 0.257

Eritrea on Peace & Security →Ethiopia on Peace & Security →

Key statistics · the 4 the Peace & Security standing is built from

1. Global Militarisation Index

   BICC · 2023 · Lower is better

   Across the 149 countries measured, values run from 3.512 to 351.09; the middle country is at 100.66.

   3.512dashed: the middle country, 100.66351.09

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 84.1899th of 149 · rank

2. Physical Violence Index

   V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 176 countries measured, values run from 0.053 to 0.989; the middle country is at 0.79.

   0.053dashed: the middle country, 0.790.989

   Eritrea: 0.101

   Ethiopia: 0.266

3. Political Stability and Absence of Violence

   World Bank Group · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 211 countries measured, values run from -2.506 to 1.563; the middle country is at 0.171.

   -2.506dashed: the middle country, 0.1711.563

   Eritrea: -0.6

   Ethiopia: -1.854

4. Political Violence by Non-State Actors

   V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 171 countries measured, values run from -3.182 to 3.375; the middle country is at -0.661.

   -3.182dashed: the middle country, -0.6613.375

   Eritrea: -1.679

   Ethiopia: 2.268

Measured for Ethiopia only: Internally Displaced People of Concern to UNHCR

Eritrea on Risk & Resilience →Ethiopia on Risk & Resilience →

Key statistics · the 4 the Risk & Resilience standing is built from

1. Able to Raise Emergency Funds Within 30 Days

   World Bank Group · latest reading per country · Higher is better

   Across the 142 countries measured, values run from 16.49 to 93.69; the middle country is at 53.85.

   16.49dashed: the middle country, 53.8593.69

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 35.262024

2. Climate Vulnerability (ND-GAIN)

   Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · Lower is better

   Across the 190 countries measured, values run from 0.263 to 0.655; the middle country is at 0.45.

   0.263dashed: the middle country, 0.450.655

   Eritrea: 0.629185th of 190 · rank

   Ethiopia: 0.508143rd of 190 · rank

3. INFORM Risk Index

   European Commission Joint Research Centre, with the Inter-Agency Standing Committee · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 191 countries measured, values run from 0.7 to 8.5; the middle country is at 3.7.

   0.7dashed: the middle country, 3.78.5

   Eritrea: 4.8

   Ethiopia: 7

4. World Risk Index

   Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 193 countries measured, values run from 0.18 to 46.56; the middle country is at 4.17.

   0.18dashed: the middle country, 4.1746.56

   Eritrea: 6.03

   Ethiopia: 4.87

Measured for Ethiopia only: Adults Who Experienced a Natural Disaster or Severe Weather · Firms Whose Assets Were Damaged by Extreme Weather · Per Capita Food Supply Variability · World Risk Poll Resilience Index

Eritrea on Mobility & Trade →

Key statistics · the 4 the Mobility & Trade standing is built from

1. Container Import Dwell Time

   World Bank Group · 2024 · Lower is better

   Across the 156 countries measured, values run from 1 to 21.6; the middle country is at 4.4.

   1dashed: the middle country, 4.421.6

   Eritrea: 14.8

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

2. ICT Goods Exports

   UNCTAD · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 120 countries measured, values run from 0 to 61.45; the middle country is at 0.975.

   0dashed: the middle country, 0.97561.45

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

3. Liner Shipping Connectivity Index

   UNCTAD · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 168 countries measured, values run from 4.13 to 1,313; the middle country is at 60.84.

   4.13dashed: the middle country, 60.841,313

   Eritrea: 5.548171st of 177 · rank

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

4. Logistics Performance Index

   World Bank Group · 2023 · Higher is better

   Across the 139 countries measured, values run from 1.9 to 4.3; the middle country is at 2.9.

   1.9dashed: the middle country, 2.94.3

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

Measured for Ethiopia only: Cereal Import Dependency Ratio

Eritrea on Food & Agriculture →Ethiopia on Food & Agriculture →

Key statistics · the 4 the Food & Agriculture standing is built from

1. Agriculture Orientation Index

   FAO · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 132 countries measured, values run from 0.03 to 5.38; the middle country is at 0.305.

   0.03dashed: the middle country, 0.3055.38

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 0.09

2. Cereal Yield

   FAO · 2023 · Higher is better

   Across the 179 countries measured, values run from 23 to 29,147; the middle country is at 3,072.

   23dashed: the middle country, 3,07229,147

   Eritrea: 638.2

   Ethiopia: 2,656

3. Dietary Energy Supply

   FAO · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 155 countries measured, values run from 1,757 to 3,962; the middle country is at 2,982.

   1,757dashed: the middle country, 2,9823,962

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 2,539

4. Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)

   FAO · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 186 countries measured, values run from 1.67 to 4.57; the middle country is at 3.14.

   1.67dashed: the middle country, 3.144.57

   Eritrea: 2.33

   Ethiopia: 2.86

Ethiopia on Poverty & Inequality →

Key statistics · the 3 the Poverty & Inequality standing is built from

1. Gini Index

   World Bank Group · latest reading per country · Lower is better

   Across the 159 countries measured, values run from 23 to 59.07; the middle country is at 33.72.

   23dashed: the middle country, 33.7259.07

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 31.142021

2. Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day

   World Bank Group · latest reading per country · Lower is better

   Across the 159 countries measured, values run from 0 to 48.69; the middle country is at 0.345.

   0dashed: the middle country, 0.34548.69

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 10.752021

3. Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet

   FAO · 2025 · Lower is better

   Across the 145 countries measured, values run from 0.6 to 93.9; the middle country is at 26.4.

   0.6dashed: the middle country, 26.493.9

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 67.9

Measured for Ethiopia only: Poverty Headcount at National Poverty Lines

Measured for Ethiopia only: Made or Received a Digital Payment · Saved at a Financial Institution or with Mobile Money · Share of Firms' Payments Made Electronically

Eritrea on Energy →

Key statistics · the 3 the Energy standing is built from

1. Carbon Intensity of Electricity

   Ember · 2024 · Lower is better

   Across the 165 countries measured, values run from 23.73 to 1,306; the middle country is at 433.75.

   23.73dashed: the middle country, 433.751,306

   Eritrea: 591.11

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

2. Renewable Share of Electricity Generation

   Ember · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 165 countries measured, values run from 0 to 100; the middle country is at 32.06.

   0dashed: the middle country, 32.06100

   Eritrea: 11.11

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

3. World Energy Trilemma Index

   World Energy Council · 2023 · Higher is better

   Across the 126 countries measured, values run from 27.7 to 83.2; the middle country is at 63.8.

   27.7dashed: the middle country, 63.883.2

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: no reading in this edition

Measured for Eritrea only: Gas Share of Electricity Generation · Hydro Share of Electricity Generation · Net Electricity Imports (share of generation) · Nuclear Share of Electricity Generation

Eritrea on Digital & Technology →Ethiopia on Digital & Technology →

Key statistics · the 4 the Digital & Technology standing is built from

1. Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports

   UNCTAD · 2024 · Higher is better

   Across the 170 countries measured, values run from 0.377 to 87.15; the middle country is at 25.42.

   0.377dashed: the middle country, 25.4287.15

   Eritrea: no reading in this edition

   Ethiopia: 6.043

2. Government AI Readiness Index

   Oxford Insights · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 195 countries measured, values run from 12.12 to 88.36; the middle country is at 40.19.

   12.12dashed: the middle country, 40.1988.36

   Eritrea: 12.7193rd of 195 · rank

   Ethiopia: 41.5891st of 195 · rank

3. Government Cyber Security Capacity

   V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 176 countries measured, values run from -2.66 to 3.715; the middle country is at 0.196.

   -2.66dashed: the middle country, 0.1963.715

   Eritrea: -0.731

   Ethiopia: 2.223

4. GovTech Maturity Index

   World Bank Group · 2025 · Higher is better

   Across the 196 countries measured, values run from 0.01 to 0.997; the middle country is at 0.63.

   0.01dashed: the middle country, 0.630.997

   Eritrea: 0.027

   Ethiopia: 0.643

Measured for Ethiopia only: Firms Experiencing Internet Disruptions · GitHub Git Pushes · Internet Use Among Adults · Mobile Phone Ownership · Smartphone Ownership

Measured for Ethiopia only: Average Household Size · One-Person Households