FAO · Agricultural Emissions
Agricultural emissions by country
How much greenhouse gas does farming release?
Of the 198 countries compared in 2023, India had the highest reading, 1,044,507.6, and 6 countries shared the lowest reading, 0.0. In the middle country the figure was 8,635.1. Among the 166 countries measured in every edition since 1990, the middle one moved from 7,373.4 to 9,278.7.
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Agricultural emissions · 2023
Context statistic
Highest of 198India
1,044,507.6012023 · position · derived
The highest and the lowest
The three countries with the highest values of 198 compared, the three with the lowest, and the highest on each continent. This statistic has no better end, so no country is shown as leading.
- 1
- 2
- 3
Lowest in 2023
- =193
San Marino0.0 - =193
Marshall Islands0.0 - =193
Monaco0.0
Positions out of 198. This statistic has no better end: the two ends describe size, not success.
02Every measured country
Agricultural emissions on a map
Each country is shaded by its value, in five groups holding the same number of countries. Hover a country for its value, or select it to open its profile. Below the map, each continent’s middle country.
Darker is a higher value. This statistic has no better end, so the shades describe size, not success.
- 0.0–460.2
- 501.8–5,632.3
- 5,813.9–13,668.3
- 14,341.9–43,014.4
- 43,473.3–1,044,507.6
- No reading in 2023
- Africa
12,235.1
the middle country, of 54 measured · 55 members
Ethiopia142,260.1
Seychelles5.7Highest and lowest reading in Africa.
- Asia
8,831.2
the middle country, of 50 measured · 52 members
India1,044,507.6
Maldives1.3Highest and lowest reading in Asia.
- Europe
8,646.0
the middle country, of 44 measured · 49 members
Russia192,291.85 share 0.0
Highest and lowest reading in Europe.
- Americas
7,706.3
the middle country, of 35 measured · 48 members
Brazil612,992.6
Saint Kitts and Nevis10.4Highest and lowest reading in Americas.
- Oceania
83.8
the middle country, of 15 measured · 21 members
Australia226,906.4Marshall Islands0.0Highest and lowest reading in Oceania.
- Every region
22 sub-regions, highest middle country first
- South-eastern Asia
45,686.6
the middle country, of 11 measured · 11 members
Indonesia397,368.1
Singapore16.1Highest and lowest reading in South-eastern Asia.
- South America
30,586.8
the middle country, of 12 measured · 12 members
Brazil612,992.6
Suriname1,852.6Highest and lowest reading in South America.
- Southern Asia
23,823.7
the middle country, of 9 measured · 9 members
India1,044,507.6Maldives1.3Highest and lowest reading in Southern Asia.
- Eastern Asia
18,107.8
the middle country, of 8 measured · 8 members
China951,491.6
Macau3.2Highest and lowest reading in Eastern Asia.
- Northern Africa
18,071.8
the middle country, of 6 measured · 6 members
Sudan78,360.1
Libya4,413.5Highest and lowest reading in Northern Africa.
- Central Asia
17,726.0
the middle country, of 5 measured · 5 members
Uzbekistan47,150.2
Kyrgyzstan6,120.6Highest and lowest reading in Central Asia.
- Eastern Europe
15,794.4
the middle country, of 10 measured · 10 members
Russia192,291.8
Moldova2,164.0Highest and lowest reading in Eastern Europe.
- Eastern Africa
15,516.3
the middle country, of 18 measured · 19 members
Ethiopia142,260.1Seychelles5.7Highest and lowest reading in Eastern Africa.
- Northern Europe
14,596.9
the middle country, of 11 measured · 13 members
United Kingdom81,626.5Channel Islands0.0
Highest and lowest reading in Northern Europe.
- Middle Africa
14,549.8
the middle country, of 9 measured · 9 members
Chad95,732.8
São Tomé and Príncipe22.8Highest and lowest reading in Middle Africa.
- Western Africa
10,425.9
the middle country, of 16 measured · 16 members
Nigeria84,878.0
Cabo Verde115.0Highest and lowest reading in Western Africa.
- Western Europe
8,611.1
the middle country, of 9 measured · 9 members
Germany94,053.32 share 0.0
Highest and lowest reading in Western Europe.
- Southern Africa
8,491.0
the middle country, of 5 measured · 5 members
South Africa42,638.4
Eswatini1,182.7Highest and lowest reading in Southern Africa.
- Central America
6,845.3
the middle country, of 8 measured · 8 members
Mexico121,759.8
Belize564.9Highest and lowest reading in Central America.
- Western Asia
3,137.5
the middle country, of 17 measured · 19 members
Türkiye72,595.5
Bahrain86.9Highest and lowest reading in Western Asia.
- Southern Europe
2,296.7
the middle country, of 14 measured · 17 members
Spain48,493.32 share 0.0
Highest and lowest reading in Southern Europe.
- Caribbean
51.7
the middle country, of 13 measured · 24 members
Dominican Republic11,061.4Saint Kitts and Nevis10.4Highest and lowest reading in Caribbean.
- Micronesia
1.5
the middle country, of 5 measured · 7 members
Micronesia69.1Marshall Islands0.0Highest and lowest reading in Micronesia.
- Australia and New Zealand
2 of 2 measured — too few for a middle: Australia, New Zealand.
Australia226,906.4
New Zealand44,917.8Highest and lowest reading in Australia and New Zealand.
- Melanesia
4 of 5 measured — too few for a middle: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.
Papua New Guinea25,162.8
Solomon Islands97.7Highest and lowest reading in Melanesia.
- Northern America
2 of 4 measured — too few for a middle: Canada, United States.
United States501,630.8
Canada128,104.3Highest and lowest reading in Northern America.
- Polynesia
4 of 7 measured — too few for a middle: American Samoa, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu.
Samoa154.1
Tuvalu7.9Highest and lowest reading in Polynesia.
03The whole field at once
The spread
198 countries, one dot each, on one scale — further right is a higher value. Half the countries are above 8,635.1; a quarter are above 31,719.7, and a quarter below 1,059.7. The bar in each row marks that continent’s middle country.
04All 198 ever measured
Every country
In order, highest value first. “=” marks a position shared with another country. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. This is a national total, so it largely ranks countries by how much farming they do. The top of the table is the world's big food producers, which is a fact about the size of their agriculture rather than a verdict on how they farm — the position here orders by size, not by performance.
Showing 25 of 198 countries
Values for 2023. The change column compares 2023 with 2022 only; the sparkline covers the recent editions.
051990–2023 · 34 reference years
Over time
Each point is one year from 1990, as carbon-dioxide equivalent on the IPCC AR5 basis.
- the middle country
- the middle half of countries
- the middle of the 166 countries measured every time
- each continent’s middle country
The same, year by year
| Year | Countries | Middle country | Middle half | Measured every time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 198 | 8,635.1 | 1,059.7 – 31,719.7 | 9,278.7 |
| 2022 | 198 | 8,704.5 | 1,047.1 – 31,272.0 | 9,455.3 |
| 2021 | 198 | 8,902.1 | 940.2 – 32,276.0 | 9,407.0 |
| 2020 | 198 | 8,653.3 | 918.8 – 31,629.1 | 9,341.7 |
| 2019 | 198 | 8,717.9 | 1,128.9 – 31,229.2 | 9,144.5 |
| 2018 | 198 | 7,957.5 | 998.2 – 31,186.7 | 8,557.8 |
| 2017 | 198 | 7,894.0 | 1,041.8 – 32,527.7 | 8,629.4 |
| 2016 | 198 | 7,827.8 | 1,032.3 – 29,958.2 | 8,718.3 |
| 2015 | 198 | 8,178.9 | 1,043.1 – 29,252.2 | 8,574.2 |
| 2014 | 198 | 8,245.4 | 998.0 – 29,533.6 | 9,004.6 |
| 2013 | 198 | 8,610.7 | 1,068.4 – 29,296.2 | 9,233.4 |
| 2012 | 198 | 8,705.6 | 1,067.4 – 29,335.4 | 9,126.0 |
| 2011 | 196 | 8,506.8 | 959.3 – 28,288.4 | 9,058.2 |
| 2010 | 196 | 8,235.0 | 952.4 – 29,028.9 | 8,815.3 |
| 2009 | 196 | 8,227.6 | 958.0 – 27,474.6 | 8,779.4 |
| 2008 | 196 | 7,937.1 | 987.9 – 26,792.2 | 8,328.4 |
| 2007 | 196 | 8,040.3 | 959.2 – 25,782.7 | 8,499.5 |
| 2006 | 196 | 7,922.7 | 974.4 – 26,589.4 | 8,648.3 |
| 2005 | 194 | 7,762.3 | 964.8 – 27,282.5 | 8,516.2 |
| 2004 | 194 | 7,593.2 | 959.4 – 25,646.3 | 8,064.8 |
| 2003 | 194 | 7,682.6 | 905.8 – 25,526.5 | 7,898.2 |
| 2002 | 194 | 7,518.8 | 892.4 – 25,141.8 | 7,915.8 |
| 2001 | 194 | 7,451.8 | 872.4 – 24,416.1 | 7,760.6 |
| 2000 | 194 | 7,323.0 | 869.6 – 24,248.1 | 7,490.3 |
| 1999 | 192 | 7,295.7 | 876.0 – 24,176.8 | 7,584.1 |
| 1998 | 192 | 7,090.7 | 856.0 – 24,206.1 | 7,500.3 |
| 1997 | 192 | 6,940.8 | 842.6 – 24,181.6 | 7,505.9 |
| 1996 | 192 | 6,963.5 | 841.4 – 23,897.7 | 7,329.7 |
| 1995 | 192 | 6,972.5 | 826.2 – 24,791.9 | 7,124.3 |
| 1994 | 192 | 7,123.4 | 798.1 – 24,630.8 | 7,460.6 |
| 1993 | 192 | 6,980.5 | 743.8 – 24,914.8 | 7,448.0 |
| 1992 | 188 | 6,794.7 | 649.7 – 23,893.4 | 6,980.4 |
| 1991 | 169 | 6,741.7 | 425.1 – 23,124.4 | 6,989.3 |
| 1990 | 166 | 7,373.4 | 474.3 – 23,452.3 | 7,373.4 |
062022 → 2023
Who rose and fell
The biggest changes in value between the two newest editions — reference years recalculated in one report, not two separate publications. Places are shown second, because they also move when other countries do.
Rose most
before → afterFell most
before → after
Nepal30,534.5 → 23,823.7 · 52nd → 62nd−6,710.8
Argentina157,001.9 → 150,931.3 · 8th → 9th−6,070.6
Central African Republic18,878.0 → 15,606.7 · 67th → 72nd−3,271.3
Myanmar77,910.1 → 75,488.4 · 23rd → 25th−2,421.7
Ukraine49,750.1 → 47,355.8 · 32nd → 34th−2,394.3
198 countries were measured in both 2022 and 2023.
07Across every edition
Agricultural emissions in records
The extremes of the statistic. A record reached by more than one country names none of them.
Highest reading on record
1,044,507.6
Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq)
Lowest reading on record
Reached 220 times by 8 countries — shared, so no holder is named
0.0
Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq)
Biggest rise between editions
+102,005.3
130,386.9 → 232,392.2
Biggest fall between editions
−79,659.1
232,960.9 → 153,301.8
Biggest change since first measured
+392,401.1
652,106.4 → 1,044,507.6
Highest most often
23 of 34
editions, alone at the first-listed end
08The parts of the index
Inside the number
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) publishes the parts the headline is built from. Each part’s highest and lowest country, and its middle value.
| Part | Highest | Lowest | Middle country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methane (kt CH₄)198 countries | India21,295.2899 | 7 countries share 0.0000 | 145.0469 |
| Nitrous oxide (kt N₂O)198 countries | China1,134.2607 | 6 countries share 0.0000 | 10.1374 |
09The measure
About agricultural emissions
This is the greenhouse gas released by farming itself — livestock digestion, manure, rice paddies, fertiliser on fields — measured at the farm gate, before anything is processed or transported. Agriculture is the world's largest source of both methane and nitrous oxide.
What the number is: Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq).
10Where it fits
Connections
Its part in the Country Index, the statistics whose values line up most closely with it across countries, and others on the same subject.
In the Country Index
Context, with no vote
This statistic is published in full under Environment & Sustainability and Food & Agriculture, but does not help decide any Country Index standing.
Environment & SustainabilityFood & AgricultureWhich statistics vote, and why
Moves with
Where agricultural emissions is higher, these tend to be higher too.
- Methane EmissionsEDGAR · 189 countries in commonρ 0.90
- Land AreaFAO · 197 countries in commonρ 0.89
- Total PopulationUN DESA Population Division · 197 countries in commonρ 0.88
Moves against
Where agricultural emissions is higher, these tend to be lower.
- Outbound Mobility Ratio, TertiaryUIS · 111 countries in commonρ −0.73
- Cereal Import Dependency RatioFAO · 161 countries in commonρ −0.63
- Political Stability and Absence of ViolenceKeyWorld Bank Group · 197 countries in commonρ −0.53
Rank correlation (ρ, from −1 to 1) across countries, on each statistic’s newest edition, out of 384 statistics sharing at least 80 countries with this one. Two statistics that move together do not cause each other.
11Keep reading
Explore further
The countries at either end
12Questions
Agricultural emissions: questions and answers
Which country has the highest agricultural emissions?
India, at 1,044,507.6, among the 198 countries compared in 2023.
Which country has the lowest agricultural emissions?
6 countries share the lowest reading, 0.0, among the 198 compared in 2023, so no single country is named.
How many countries does the Agricultural Emissions cover?
198 in 2023. The number measured varies from 166 to 198 between editions.
What is the world average agricultural emissions?
This site does not calculate a world average, which would depend on how countries are weighted. In the middle country of the 198 compared in 2023, the figure was 8,635.1.
Is this Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)’s own ranking?
No. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) publishes the values but ranks nobody; the position on this page is derived by Nations Inquiry by ordering the published values, and equal values share a position.
How often is the Agricultural Emissions published?
This site holds 34 reference years, 1990–2023, all recalculated in Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)’s 2026 report on one method — not 34 separate publications.
Where does the data come from, and can I download it?
From Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), under CC BY 4.0. FAOSTAT's Emissions Totals domain, read from the FAO's own bulk download rather than a redistributor. Every edition is on this site’s Datasets pages as a full table, and downloads as a CSV file with every value unrounded.
13Method
Sources, method and citation
Source
Agricultural Emissions — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
FAOSTAT's Emissions Totals domain, read from the FAO's own bulk download rather than a redistributor.
Newest edition
Report year 2023Data year 2023
Cite the source as: FAO. FAOSTAT. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Licence: CC BY 4.0, checked 2026-09-11.
How this page reads the numbers
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ranks nobody on this measure. The position is derived by Nations Inquiry by ordering the published values; equal values share a position.
- This statistic has no better end, so the page describes higher and lower values and never calls a country a leader.
- A country is named at an end only when it holds that value alone. Where several share it, the page says how many and names none first.
- Values are stored exactly as published and trimmed only for display. “The middle country” is the median of the countries measured, not a world average.
The file itself, column by column — where it came from, what each column holds, and every edition as a CSV — is on its dataset page.
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Agricultural emissions by country: Agricultural Emissions, data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). https://nationsinquiry.com/statistics/agricultural-emissions