Topic 15 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Money & Public Finance
What does a country save, invest, borrow and spend?
No country is given a standing on money & public finance in the Country Index 2026. Every statistic below is published in full even so, and the reasons the topic cannot place anyone are given in the method.
15
Published as a dashboard this edition — too few keys to place countries.
01The subject
About money & public finance
What a country saves, invests, borrows and spends through the state — capital formation, gross savings, household and government consumption, external debt and what it costs to service, and the public sector wage bill. Most of these have no better end: a high savings rate is not a virtue and a low one is not a failing, so this subject describes a balance rather than scoring it.
Beneath the headline size of an economy sits a set of balances: how much of what a country produces is put back into buildings, machines and infrastructure rather than consumed, how much households and the state spend, how much the country has borrowed from abroad and what servicing that debt costs each year, and how much of public spending goes on the public payroll. These are the flows a finance ministry actually manages, and they explain why two countries with similar output can have very different room to move.
Most of these readings have no better end, and the subject is written that way. A high savings rate is not a virtue and a low one is not a failing — it depends on whether a country is young or old, growing or rebuilding. A large investment share can mean a boom or a bubble. What the numbers are good for is comparison, against a country’s own past and against its neighbours, which is what each statistic’s own page is for.
What this topic does not measure
Two of the most-asked figures are absent and will stay absent for now: inflation and tax revenue as a share of the economy are both produced by the International Monetary Fund, whose terms do not permit this site to republish them. Banking depth, stock market size and the cost of credit are not held either. What an economy produces is under Economy & Innovation; who is poor within it is under Poverty & Inequality.
02The evidence
No key statistics this edition
No statistic under this topic passed every admission test for this edition, so nothing here votes. Every statistic is still published below.
03Context, no vote
Also measured under money & public finance
28 more statistics on the same subject, published in full and deliberately given no vote — keeping them out is what stops the standing drifting toward whichever kind of statistic was imported most. Select a row for its leader and trend.
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of CreditWorld Bank Group · 179 countries · 2025World Bank Group1792025
State Fiscal Source of RevenueV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 176 countries · 2025V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg1762025
Current leader:
Sweden
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 36 editions, data 1990–2025
Share of Firms' Payments Made ElectronicallyWorld Bank Group · 163 countries · 2026World Bank Group1632026
Account Ownership Among WomenWorld Bank Group · 139 countries · 2024World Bank Group1392024
Current leader:
France
World Bank Group · 5 editions, data 2011–2024
Account Ownership at a Financial InstitutionWorld Bank Group · 139 countries · 2024World Bank Group1392024
Current leader:
Iceland
World Bank Group · 5 editions, data 2011–2024
Short-Term Share of External DebtWorld Bank Group · 118 countries · 2024World Bank Group1182024
Most affected:
Mauritius
World Bank Group · 55 editions, data 1970–2024
Interest Payments on External DebtWorld Bank Group · 112 countries · 2024World Bank Group1122024
Most affected:
Mozambique
World Bank Group · 44 editions, data 1981–2024
External Debt Stocks (% of GNI)World Bank Group · 110 countries · 2024World Bank Group1102024
Most affected:
Mozambique
World Bank Group · 44 editions, data 1981–2024
Debt Service on External DebtWorld Bank Group · 109 countries · 2024World Bank Group1092024
Most affected:
El Salvador
World Bank Group · 43 editions, data 1982–2024
FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness IndexOECD · 104 countries · 2024OECD1042024
Able to Raise Emergency Funds Within 30 DaysWorld Bank Group · 98 countries · 2024World Bank Group982024
Current leader:
China
World Bank Group · 2 editions, data 2021–2024
Made or Received a Digital PaymentWorld Bank Group · 98 countries · 2024World Bank Group982024
Current leader:
Mongolia
World Bank Group · 4 editions, data 2014–2024
Saved at a Financial Institution or with Mobile MoneyWorld Bank Group · 98 countries · 2024World Bank Group982024
Current leader:
Ghana
World Bank Group · 5 editions, data 2011–2024
Cost of Sending RemittancesWorld Bank Group · 93 countries · 2023World Bank Group932023
Most affected:
Cuba
World Bank Group · 8 editions, data 2016–2023
Official Development Assistance Given (% of GNI)OECD Development Assistance Committee · 43 countries · 2025OECD Development Assistance Committee432025
Current leader:
Norway
OECD Development Assistance Committee · 8 editions, data 2018–2025
Describing the shape of a country (13)
These have no better end — more is not better or worse, only different — so they could not place countries even as keys.
Foreign Direct Investment InflowsUNCTAD · 202 countries · 2025UNCTAD2022025
Highest:
British Virgin Islands
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) · 36 editions, data 1990–2025
Central Bank Independence IndexAna Carolina Garriga, University of Essex · 191 countries · 2023Ana Carolina Garriga, University of Essex1912023
Highest:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ana Carolina Garriga, University of Essex · 54 editions, data 1970–2023
Inflation, GDP DeflatorWorld Bank Group · 186 countries · 2025World Bank Group1862025
Highest:
Venezuela
World Bank Group · 65 editions, data 1961–2025
Firms Using Banks to Finance InvestmentWorld Bank Group · 181 countries · 2026World Bank Group1812026
Public Sector Wage BillWorld Bank Group · 168 countries · 2022World Bank Group1682022
Gross Savings (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 146 countries · 2024World Bank Group1462024
Statutory Corporate Income Tax RateOECD · 141 countries · 2026OECD1412026
General Government ConsumptionWorld Bank Group · 132 countries · 2025World Bank Group1322025
Highest:
Ukraine
World Bank Group · 56 editions, data 1970–2025
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 131 countries · 2025World Bank Group1312025
Highest:
Algeria
World Bank Group · 56 editions, data 1970–2025
Household ConsumptionWorld Bank Group · 131 countries · 2025World Bank Group1312025
Highest:
Somalia
World Bank Group · 56 editions, data 1970–2025
Net Official Development Assistance ReceivedOECD Development Assistance Committee · 130 countries · 2023OECD Development Assistance Committee1302023
Highest:
Tuvalu
OECD Development Assistance Committee · 58 editions, data 1966–2023
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)OECD · 127 countries · 2024OECD1272024
Environmentally Related Tax RevenueOECD · 112 countries · 2024OECD1122024
04Keep reading
Explore further
The other topics
The full Country Index 2026- Governance & InstitutionsFirst:
Denmark
- Economy & InnovationFirst:
Austria
- Work & LabourFirst:
Iceland
- Education & KnowledgeFirst:
United Arab Emirates
- Health & WellbeingFirst:
San Marino
- Development & Human CapitalFirst:
Cook Islands
- Environment & SustainabilityFirst:
Angola
- Gender & EqualityFirst:
Latvia
- Democracy & Civil LibertiesFirst:
Norway
- Peace & SecurityFirst:
Iceland
- Risk & ResilienceFirst:
Liechtenstein
- Mobility & TradeFirst:
Singapore
- Food & AgricultureFirst:
Serbia
- Poverty & InequalityFirst:
Belarus
- EnergyFirst:
Bhutan
- Digital & TechnologyFirst:
Estonia
- People & Population
- Every topic, side by side
05Method
Questions, method and sources
Which statistics decide the Money & Public Finance standing?
None this edition: no statistic under this topic passed every admission test, so its 28 statistics are published without a standing.
Are these the publishers’ own rankings?
The underlying numbers and any printed ranks are the publishers’, reproduced without adjustment on each statistic’s page. The standing that combines them is this site’s, and the average it is ordered by is never published — only the position it produces.
How the Money & Public Finance standing is decided, step by step
A standing is a place in a list, not a mark out of anything. This one is part of the Country Index 2026, and it is worked out like this.
- A few key indicators decide it; the rest are context. No indicator on this topic is currently admitted as a key, so nothing here votes.
- Each key is read at one edition. No key currently describes a year recent enough to be read.
- Every country’s published value is turned into a place within that one key’s own field, and then expressed as a share of that field — how far down this key’s list the country sits, rather than how many countries are above it. Keys where a higher published number is worse (terrorism, hunger, disaster risk) are turned round first, so the good end is always the same end.
- Dividing by the field first is the whole reason this works. A place carries the size of its list inside it: 22nd of 44 and 108th of 215 are the same showing, and averaging the numbers 22 and 108 says loudly that they are not. Fields on this site run from about 44 countries to about 215, so averaging raw places would reward a country for happening to be measured in small ones. Dividing each place by its own field removes the size and leaves only the showing.
- The shares are averaged, plainly. One key, one vote — no key is weighted above another, because any weighting would be this site’s opinion presented as a measurement. Countries are then put in order by that average, and the average itself is never published. It is our arithmetic with nothing anchoring it, so printing it would invite it to be read as a measurement somebody made. The position it produces, the band, and the keys it was built from are all published instead — every one of them checkable against the tables on this page.
- A country needs 2 of this topic’s 0 keys — half, rounded up, and never fewer than 2. A standing built from one reading, printed beside one built from four, is two different things sharing a column heading. No country clears the bar here yet.
- A key has to earn its vote every edition. It must measure at least 120 countries (below that it starts measuring who was surveyed rather than the world), it must not have more than 10% of its field tied at either end, and it must not repeat another key in the same topic — Spearman correlation above 0.92 counts as repeating. A topic needs at least 2 surviving keys to place anyone at all; this one does not clear that bar this edition, which is why no country is placed on it above.
- A standing is relative, and the grouping is ours. It says where a country places against the others measured alongside it, so it moves when they move. The publishers listed on this page did not agree to be read together, and each measures its subject its own way: the underlying numbers are theirs, the ordering on top is this site’s — the same method as the rest of the Country Index, applied to one subject instead of all of them.
- No indicator declares keyTopic "money". Nothing has been nominated to measure this subject, so there is nothing for the admission tests to accept or reject.
The key statistics and their licences
The other 28 statistics on this page come from 6 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Money & Public Finance: country standings, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/topics/money