Photo: Original photograph taken by User:Voice of Clam , edited by jjron - adjusted levels, reduced highlights, sharpened. derivative work: Jjtkk · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 09 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Eritrea: Democracy & Civil Liberties
Do people choose their rulers, and can they speak freely?
Eritrea is placed 198th of 198 countries on democracy & civil liberties in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Rule of Law -1.769 (2025); Civic Space Ratings 4 (2025).
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Democracy & Civil Liberties
198th
of 198 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 4 key statistics
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Eritrea on democracy & civil liberties — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
-1.769
Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Higher is better
Eritrea: -1.769. Across the 211 countries in this edition, values run from -2.199 (Venezuela) to 2.012 (Finland); the world median is -0.102.
- World median
- -0.102
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 0.676 Mauritius
- Land neighbours
- Djibouti -1.022 · Ethiopia -0.938 · Sudan -1.857
4
Civic space score (0–100)
Higher is better
Eritrea: 4. Across the 198 countries in this edition, values run from 2.17 (North Korea) to 100 (Kiribati); the world median is 50.46.
- World median
- 50.46
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 80 Seychelles
- Land neighbours
- Djibouti 12.48 · Ethiopia 20.49 · Sudan 9.03
Key 3 of 4
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0
0.069
Electoral democracy index (0–1)
Higher is better
Eritrea: 0.069. Across the 176 countries in this edition, values run from 0.016 (Saudi Arabia) to 0.913 (Denmark); the world median is 0.497.
- World median
- 0.497
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 0.76 Seychelles
- Land neighbours
- Djibouti 0.25 · Ethiopia 0.257 · Sudan 0.13
Key 4 of 4
Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index
Electoral Integrity Project (EIP)
Latest reading per country, 2015–2025 · CC BY 4.0
No reading
Electoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity)
Higher is better
EIP publishes no reading from 2015–2025 for Eritrea, so the standing rests on the other keys.
Across the 171 countries at their latest reading, values run from 12.86 (Iraq) to 88.61 (Sweden); the world median is 54.78.
- World median
- 54.78
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 70.07 Seychelles
- Land neighbours
- Djibouti 33.72 · Ethiopia 44.6 · Sudan 43.77
02Over time
Which way Eritrea is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Rule of Law
Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5) · higher is better
EritreaWorld median
Eritrea fell from -0.953 in 2000 to -1.769 in 2025; the world median went from -0.175 to -0.102.
Every year’s figures
Year Eritrea World median 2025 -1.7692 -0.10240 2024 -1.7884 -0.10722 2023 -1.7857 -0.10312 2022 -1.7586 -0.12950 2021 -1.6490 -0.13640 2020 -1.6194 -0.14164 2019 -1.6838 -0.13092 2018 -1.6769 -0.13830 2017 -1.6227 -0.15682 2016 -1.6457 -0.15385 2015 -1.6458 -0.18731 2014 -1.6696 -0.20216 2013 -1.5470 -0.21236 2012 -1.4915 -0.20061 2011 -1.4856 -0.25960 2010 -1.4871 -0.21447 2009 -1.4051 -0.15524 2008 -1.3856 -0.16368 2007 -1.3275 -0.15051 2006 -1.2415 -0.11143 2005 -1.1325 -0.08498 2004 -1.1299 -0.14158 2003 -0.9820 -0.15770 2002 -0.9728 -0.13265 2000 -0.9527 -0.17518 V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
Electoral democracy index (0–1) · higher is better
EritreaWorld median
Eritrea fell from 0.12 in 2000 to 0.069 in 2025; the world median went from 0.478 to 0.497.
Every year’s figures
Year Eritrea World median 2025 0.069 0.4975 2024 0.069 0.4970 2023 0.068 0.5070 2022 0.071 0.5130 2021 0.071 0.5290 2020 0.069 0.5305 2019 0.070 0.5280 2018 0.068 0.5290 2017 0.069 0.5395 2016 0.069 0.5360 2015 0.069 0.5360 2014 0.070 0.5295 2013 0.070 0.5205 2012 0.067 0.5180 2011 0.068 0.5215 2010 0.068 0.5250 2009 0.068 0.5170 2008 0.067 0.5120 2007 0.067 0.5220 2006 0.067 0.5420 2005 0.067 0.5200 2004 0.067 0.5270 2003 0.067 0.5290 2002 0.084 0.5060 2001 0.103 0.4940 2000 0.120 0.4780
03In context
Eritrea beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 198 countries on democracy & civil liberties, never a place within the region.
Eritrea and the countries it borders
Standing among all 198; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Rule of LawRule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5) | Civic Space RatingsCivic space score (0–100) | V-Dem Electoral Democracy IndexElectoral democracy index (0–1) | Perceptions of Electoral Integrity IndexElectoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ethiopiacompare | 151st | -0.938 | 20.49 | 0.257 | 44.6 |
 Djibouti | 171st | -1.022 | 12.48 | 0.25 | 33.72 |
 Sudan | 184th | -1.857 | 9.03 | 0.13 | 43.77 |
| Eritrea | 198th | -1.769 | 4 | 0.069 | — |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Eastern Africa
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 198.
Placed either side on democracy & civil liberties
The countries immediately above and below Eritrea in the topic’s list.
Yemen195th
North Korea196th
Syria197th- Eritrea198th
04Context, no vote
Where Eritrea is ahead of the world, and behind
24 more statistics filed under democracy & civil liberties, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Behind the world median23
Statistics on which Eritrea does worse than the middle country measured.
Military Dimension IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.10.1670.1▼ Worsened since 2015
Eritrea: 0.167 · world median 0.1 · Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1; lower is better.
Compliance with Labour RightsILO · 2024 · world median 1.612.741.61No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 2.74 · world median 1.61 · Compliance with freedom of association and collective bargaining rights (0 = best, 10 = worst). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 10; lower is better.
Political PolarizationV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3591.2170.359▲ Improved since 2015
Eritrea: 1.217 · world median 0.359 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.8 to +3.9); higher = more polarized. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.974 to 3.682; lower is better.
Position 52nd of 172 · derived, 1st = worst.
Equal Protection IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6510.4490.651▼ Worsened since 2015
Eritrea: 0.449 · world median 0.651 · Equal protection index (0–1); higher = rights and freedoms protected more equally across social groups and classes. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.027 to 0.986; higher is better.
Position 129th of 176 · derived.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.6480.413▼ Worsened since 2013
Eritrea: 0.648 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 36th of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Egalitarian Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3210.1080.321▼ Worsened since 2015
Eritrea: 0.108 · world median 0.321 · Egalitarian democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.016 to 0.876; higher is better.
Position 155th of 176 · derived.
Government Dissemination of False Information (Domestic)V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median -0.114-2.127-0.114▲ Improved since 2015
Eritrea: -2.127 · world median -0.114 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +3.2); higher = less disinformation. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.392 to 2.93; higher is better.
Position 158th of 176 · derived.
Government Internet ShutdownsV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.023-1.4991.023▲ Improved since 2015
Eritrea: -1.499 · world median 1.023 · Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.547 to 2.081; higher is better.
Position 161st of 176 · derived.
Judicial Constraints on the Executive IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6760.0280.676▲ Improved since 2015
Eritrea: 0.028 · world median 0.676 · Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 0.988; higher is better.
Position 166th of 175 · derived.
Neopatrimonial Rule IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.4450.9550.445No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.955 · world median 0.445 · Neopatrimonial rule index (0–1; higher = more personalised rule). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.008 to 0.989; lower is better.
Position 10th of 176 · derived, 1st = worst.
Freedom of ReligionV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.296-1.9871.296▼ Worsened since 2015
Eritrea: -1.987 · world median 1.296 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +3); higher = more religious freedom. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.294 to 2.792; higher is better.
Position 170th of 176 · derived.
Government Social Media CensorshipV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.505-2.6370.505No real change since 2015
Eritrea: -2.637 · world median 0.505 · Original latent estimate (≈ −4.5 to +2.4); higher = less censorship. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.721 to 2.295; higher is better.
Position 170th of 176 · derived.
Deliberative Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3390.0250.339No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.025 · world median 0.339 · Deliberative democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.011 to 0.867; higher is better.
Position 171st of 176 · derived.
Physical Violence IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.790.1010.79No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.101 · world median 0.79 · Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.053 to 0.989; higher is better.
Position 171st of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Expression and Alternative Sources of Information IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6930.0240.693No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.024 · world median 0.693 · Freedom of expression index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.013 to 0.98; higher is better.
Position 173rd of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Peaceful AssemblyV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.756-2.8980.756No real change since 2015
Eritrea: -2.898 · world median 0.756 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +3.5); higher = more freedom. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.344 to 3.486; higher is better.
Position 170th of 172 · derived.
Academic Freedom IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6190.0340.619No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.034 · world median 0.619 · Academic freedom index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.019 to 0.978; higher is better.
Position 174th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Foreign MovementV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.2-2.8251.2No real change since 2015
Eritrea: -2.825 · world median 1.2 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +2.9); higher = freer movement. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.642 to 2.727; higher is better.
Position 174th of 176 · derived.
Government Censorship of the MediaV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.565-2.9830.565No real change since 2015
Eritrea: -2.983 · world median 0.565 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.017 to 3.489; higher is better.
Position 175th of 176 · derived.
Women's Political Empowerment IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.7720.1510.772No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.151 · world median 0.772 · Women's political empowerment index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.028 to 0.954; higher is better.
Position 175th of 176 · derived.
Liberal Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3530.0090.353No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.009 · world median 0.353 · Liberal democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.009 to 0.884; higher is better.
Position 176th of 176 · derived.
Participatory Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.2980.0080.298No real change since 2015
Eritrea: 0.008 · world median 0.298 · Participatory democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.008 to 0.785; higher is better.
Position 176th of 176 · derived.
Voice and AccountabilityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.022-2.348-0.022No real change since 2015
Eritrea: -2.348 · world median -0.022 · Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.348 to 1.825; higher is better.
Position 206th of 206 · derived.
No better end1
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Mass MobilizationV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.191-3.3180.191No real change since 2015
Eritrea: -3.318 · world median 0.191 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +4); higher = more and larger events. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.318 to 3.847.
No current reading for Eritrea
Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index and Social Institutions and Gender Index. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Democracy & Civil Liberties among Eritrea’s 14 topics
Democracy & Civil Liberties is Eritrea’s 13th best-placed topic of 14. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Environment & Sustainabilityjoint 15th of 1863/4 keys
- Work & Labourjoint 117th of 1824/4 keys
- Peace & Securityjoint 126th of 1773/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeingjoint 152nd of 2002/4 keys
- Energyjoint 127th of 1652/3 keys
- Risk & Resilience162nd of 1933/4 keys
- Gender & Equality165th of 1832/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital181st of 1963/3 keys
- Digital & Technology190th of 1983/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture179th of 1842/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge194th of 1982/4 keys
- Governance & Institutionsjoint 191st of 1943/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties198th of 1983/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade177th of 1772/4 keys
No standing on Economy & Innovation, Poverty & Inequality: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.
06The top of the list
Who leads on democracy & civil liberties
The three countries placed highest of 198, and the leaders Eritrea can most readily be measured against.
1
NorwayNorthern Europe
1st of 198 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Ximonic , Simo Räsänen · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
DenmarkNorthern Europe
2nd of 198 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: User:Aconcagua · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
LiechtensteinWestern Europe
3rd of 198 · 2 of 4 keys
Photo: Guido Radig,Inkey · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Africa
Cabo Verde37th4/4 keysHighest in Eastern Africa
Seychelles44th4/4 keysThis page
Eritrea198th3/4 keys
Positions out of 198 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Eritrea and democracy & civil liberties
08Questions
Eritrea on democracy & civil liberties: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Eritrea rank on democracy & civil liberties?
Eritrea is placed 198th of 198 countries on Democracy & Civil Liberties in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics (Rule of Law, Civic Space Ratings and V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Rule of Law figure for Eritrea?
-1.769 in 2025 (rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was -0.102.
What is the latest Civic Space Ratings figure for Eritrea?
4 in 2025 (civic space score (0–100)), according to CIVICUS. The world median in the same edition was 50.46.
How does Eritrea compare with Ethiopia on democracy & civil liberties?
Ethiopia is placed 151st of 198, and Eritrea 198th. Rule of Law: Ethiopia -0.938, Eritrea -1.769; Civic Space Ratings: Ethiopia 20.49, Eritrea 4; V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index: Ethiopia 0.257, Eritrea 0.069.
How have Eritrea’s democracy & civil liberties figures changed?
Rule of Law fell from -0.953 in 2000 to -1.769 in 2025; V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index fell from 0.12 in 2000 to 0.069 in 2025.
Which democracy & civil liberties statistics are missing for Eritrea?
No current reading is published for Eritrea on Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index and Social Institutions and Gender Index. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
This topic does not judge whether a government is competent or honest — that is Governance & Institutions — and it does not measure economic freedom. It also cannot capture everything about a political system in a single place in a list, which is why every key behind it links to the publisher's full edition.
How the Democracy & Civil Liberties standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The democracy & civil liberties method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Rule of Law — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Civic Space Ratings — CIVICUS, CC BY-SA 4.0
- V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index — V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index — Electoral Integrity Project (EIP), CC BY 4.0
The other 24 statistics on this page come from 3 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Eritrea’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Eritrea (banner) — Original photograph taken by User:Voice of Clam , edited by jjron - adjusted levels, reduced highlights, sharpened. derivative work: Jjtkk, Public domain
- Norway — Ximonic , Simo Räsänen, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Denmark — User:Aconcagua, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Liechtenstein — Guido Radig,Inkey, CC BY 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Eritrea: Democracy & Civil Liberties — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/eritrea/democracy