Data for 2023

Export Concentration Index, 2023

Name: Export Concentration Index, 2023
Creator: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
License: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/About.html#TERMS_OF_USE

2023, as UNCTAD’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

The export concentration index measures how far a country's merchandise exports are concentrated in a few products rather than spread across many. It runs from 0, exports spread evenly across every product group, to 1, a single product — the classic measure of how exposed a country's export earnings are to the price of one or two goods.

Export Concentration Index, 2023 covers 213 countries on 3 measures. Gambia is highest, at 0.91995; Croatia is lowest, at 0.05916. The middle country reads 0.30470. Against 2022, 213 values changed (92 up, 121 down), the same countries are covered.

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Export Concentration Index · Data for 2023

HighestGambia

0.91995

LowestCroatia

0.05916

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

213countries
3measures per country
2023the year it describes
213distinct values6 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0 IGOlicence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Export Concentration Index, 2023, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

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Showing 25 of 213 countries · select a heading to sort

Export Concentration Index, 2023: every country, as published by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.91995	0.887716	28	Estimated
Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	0.90161	0.817558	8	Estimated
Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.88297	0.854503	173	Estimated
Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	0.83287	0.814176	18	Estimated
Guyana`GUY`South America	0.83237	0.844504	107	Estimated
Sint Maarten`SXM`Caribbean	0.83218	0.778035	55	More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.82194	0.879168	139	Estimated
Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.81396	0.816592	97	Estimated
Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.80394	0.884390	150	Estimated
Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	0.79744	0.777327	5	—
Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.79510	0.899867	120	Estimated
Cayman Islands`CYM`Caribbean	0.78644	0.715720	13	Estimated
Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.78480	0.920817	135	Estimated
South Sudan`SSD`Eastern Africa	0.77059	0.727917	33	—
Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.76639	0.794400	178	—
Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.75795	0.843159	207	Estimated
Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	0.74187	0.824024	8	—
Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.73281	0.808839	9	Estimated
Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.72621	0.818048	129	Estimated
Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.70964	0.678964	11	—
Suriname`SUR`South America	0.70159	0.808239	108	Estimated
Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	0.70154	0.658111	15	Estimated
Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.70112	0.859024	115	Estimated
Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	0.69372	0.854578	67	Estimated
Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.67218	0.844208	49	Estimated
Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.65468	0.798710	39	Estimated
New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	0.63515	0.952562	95	Estimated
DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.62254	0.914856	122	Estimated
Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.60187	0.873490	133	Estimated
Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.59584	0.816516	196	Estimated
Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.59306	0.845654	192	Estimated
Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.58838	0.750792	248	Estimated
Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.58726	0.861487	108	Estimated
Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.58633	0.850877	36	—
Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.58157	0.848785	127	Estimated
Guam`GUM`Micronesia	0.57206	0.655281	45	Estimated
Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.57072	0.800034	217	Estimated
French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	0.56603	0.729967	61	Estimated
Cook Islands`COK`Polynesia	0.56583	0.769768	12	Estimated
Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.53529	0.821691	82	—
Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.53125	0.815278	36	Estimated
Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.53097	0.835557	51	—
Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	0.51582	0.765531	21	Estimated
Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.51434	0.722627	244	—
Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	0.51107	0.872152	39	Estimated
Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.50792	0.796592	35	Estimated
Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.50235	0.793056	66	Estimated
Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.50114	0.794047	33	Estimated
Greenland`GRL`Northern America	0.48836	0.840100	16	—
Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.47856	0.802780	211	Estimated
Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.46644	0.876772	49	Estimated
Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.46610	0.815396	100	Estimated
Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	0.46556	0.733085	15	Estimated
Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.46341	0.794321	139	—
Gibraltar`GIB`Southern Europe	0.46303	0.738066	50	—
Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.45936	0.837725	58	Estimated
Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.45509	0.832050	79	—
Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.44997	0.808577	43	Estimated
Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.44923	0.880335	90	Estimated
Panama`PAN`Central America	0.44657	0.689273	217	Estimated
Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.44541	0.836908	119	Estimated
Bermuda`BMU`Northern America	0.44510	0.759477	15	Estimated
British Virgin Islands`VGB`Caribbean	0.44297	0.720125	13	—
Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	0.44023	0.817319	118	—
Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.43249	0.792615	147	—
Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.42971	0.807690	135	Estimated
Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.42122	0.741713	27	Estimated
Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.42074	0.692817	216	Estimated
Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.41744	0.790263	208	Estimated
Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.41644	0.693189	240	—
Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.41385	0.833122	160	Estimated
Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.40899	0.704304	158	—
Niue`NIU`Polynesia	0.40828	0.602472	30	—
Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.40311	0.837986	109	Estimated
São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.40248	0.724172	18	Estimated
Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.39712	0.794787	129	—
Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.39532	0.812784	83	Estimated
Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.39007	0.523533	243	—
Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.38936	0.873367	212	Estimated
Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.38828	0.791854	114	Estimated
Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.38479	0.765810	207	Estimated
Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.37931	0.774822	200	Estimated
Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.37682	0.796031	151	Estimated
Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.37503	0.764178	185	Estimated
Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.37476	0.814280	73	Estimated
Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.36627	0.749202	214	Estimated
Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.36401	0.773520	167	Estimated
Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.36273	0.625716	235	—
Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.36090	0.576393	231	—
Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.35467	0.777121	201	Estimated
Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.35457	0.843183	158	Estimated
Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.33757	0.770126	201	—
Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.33335	0.645718	210	—
Belize`BLZ`Central America	0.33218	0.758868	108	Estimated
Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.33189	0.653489	171	Estimated
Montserrat`MSR`Caribbean	0.33057	0.581805	25	Estimated
Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.32268	0.813896	173	Estimated
North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.32168	0.619227	102	—
Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.31947	0.691458	228	Estimated
Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.31907	0.801428	32	Estimated
Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.31405	0.738626	181	Estimated
Chile`CHL`South America	0.31238	0.801177	237	—
Peru`PER`South America	0.31097	0.770315	236	Estimated
Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.30976	0.854211	165	Estimated
Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.30904	0.737182	251	Estimated
Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.30831	0.750839	148	Estimated
Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.30470	0.797117	62	Estimated
Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	0.30226	0.653425	135	—
Anguilla`AIA`Caribbean	0.29813	0.561466	33	Estimated
Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.29715	0.827404	171	Estimated
Northern Mariana Islands`MNP`Micronesia	0.29042	0.562402	27	—
Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.28953	0.700162	246	—
Palau`PLW`Micronesia	0.28856	0.629071	28	Estimated
American Samoa`ASM`Polynesia	0.28752	0.588156	99	Estimated
Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.28595	0.795465	121	Estimated
Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.28575	0.671289	245	—
North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.28537	0.644708	209	Estimated
Colombia`COL`South America	0.28355	0.640836	232	—
United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.27974	0.552344	255	Estimated
Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.27507	0.829569	119	Estimated
Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.27499	0.773890	193	Estimated
Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.27420	0.769357	196	Estimated
Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	0.27372	0.616519	95	Estimated
Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.27177	0.799449	39	Estimated
Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.27095	0.468426	255	—
Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.27060	0.678315	209	Estimated
Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.26974	0.465790	252	Estimated
Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.26646	0.723918	230	Estimated
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	0.26509	0.712002	36	Estimated
Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	0.26489	0.636924	64	—
Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.26352	0.670757	214	Estimated
Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.25501	0.489970	249	—
Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.25497	0.729307	160	Estimated
Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.25112	0.798016	166	Estimated
Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	0.24991	0.670245	76	Estimated
Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.24919	0.558992	253	—
Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.24789	0.486463	252	Estimated
Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	0.23952	0.637259	134	Estimated
Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	0.23877	0.588074	36	Estimated
Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.23854	0.534733	248	—
Tonga`TON`Polynesia	0.23469	0.586809	34	Estimated
Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.23176	0.795743	130	Estimated
Curaçao`CUW`Caribbean	0.22911	0.492262	174	Estimated
Honduras`HND`Central America	0.22858	0.732382	207	Estimated
Uruguay`URY`South America	0.22720	0.731441	186	—
Turks and Caicos Islands`TCA`Caribbean	0.22432	0.641145	47	Estimated
Argentina`ARG`South America	0.21953	0.639664	199	—
Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.20645	0.778864	180	Estimated
Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.20378	0.745229	159	Estimated
Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.20071	0.712349	240	—
Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.19876	0.661429	232	Estimated
Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.19865	0.624888	129	Estimated
Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.19738	0.768525	209	—
Brazil`BRA`South America	0.19627	0.625006	251	—
Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.19424	0.680983	210	—
Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.19162	0.706464	178	Estimated
New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.19151	0.712345	235	—
Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.18575	0.663159	228	Estimated
Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.18064	0.659599	221	Estimated
Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.18046	0.696159	194	Estimated
Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.17773	0.692227	220	Estimated
El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.17580	0.690171	199	Estimated
Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.17495	0.667000	191	—
Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.17309	0.606883	202	Estimated
India`IND`Southern Asia	0.17181	0.423898	256	—
South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.17090	0.423401	246	—
Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	0.16882	0.635536	49	Estimated
Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.16736	0.661680	202	Estimated
Palestine`PSE`Western Asia	0.16255	0.664855	156	Estimated
Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.15840	0.374163	256	—
Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.15653	0.408078	245	—
Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.15316	0.523199	219	—
Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.14895	0.697659	216	Estimated
Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.14843	0.484750	223	—
Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.14746	0.545326	249	—
Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.14693	0.597513	244	—
Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.14575	0.735901	123	Estimated
South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.14329	0.555043	254	—
United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.13946	0.368462	259	—
Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.13738	0.634261	252	Estimated
Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.13382	0.432098	253	—
Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	0.13345	0.597082	50	Estimated
Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.13188	0.431537	238	—
Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.13133	0.682653	215	Estimated
Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.12185	0.415716	253	Estimated
Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.11987	0.567358	221	Estimated
Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.11909	0.510894	242	—
Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.11878	0.412841	256	—
Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.11315	0.546085	241	—
Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.11277	0.565003	240	Estimated
Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.10901	0.534638	239	Estimated
Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.10886	0.423246	246	—
Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.10330	0.436092	247	—
Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.09738	0.630052	225	Estimated
United States`USA`Northern America	0.09726	0.223936	259	—
Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.09579	0.310753	258	—
Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.09479	0.348080	251	—
Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.09403	0.326395	257	Estimated
Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.09245	0.330545	255	—
Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.08422	0.519530	247	—
China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.08409	0.367590	256	—
Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.08202	0.424945	250	Estimated
Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.07924	0.376012	248	—
Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.07784	0.431236	251	Estimated
Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.07323	0.404611	238	—
Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.07233	0.455082	245	Estimated
Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.07143	0.396514	249	—
France`FRA`Western Europe	0.07111	0.337983	258	—
Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.07001	0.347912	247	—
Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.06378	0.373683	253	—
Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.06172	0.400934	254	—
Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.06111	0.356443	258	—
Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.05916	0.425667	241	—

02In 2023

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

Gambia0.91995
Kiribati0.90161
Iraq0.88297
Micronesia0.83287
Guyana0.83237

Lowest

Croatia0.05916
Italy0.06111
Poland0.06172
Türkiye0.06378
Austria0.07001

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.30470. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Export diversification index (0–1)
HighestNew Caledonia0.952562
LowestUnited States0.223936
Middle country: 0.715720
Products exported (SITC 3-digit groups)
Highest2 share it
LowestNauru5
Middle country: 178

032022 → 2023

Since 2022

+0 / −0countries joined / left
213values changed, of 213 in both
92 · 121rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Gambia0.22630 → 0.91995+0.69365
Cayman Islands0.36929 → 0.78644+0.41715
Kyrgyzstan0.13069 → 0.42074+0.29005
Saint Kitts and Nevis0.25160 → 0.51582+0.26422
Niue0.27032 → 0.40828+0.13797

Fell most

Niger0.66901 → 0.39532−0.27369
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.46678 → 0.26509−0.20170
Andorra0.41712 → 0.27372−0.14340
Albania0.31619 → 0.18046−0.13573
Yemen0.43349 → 0.30470−0.12879

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from UNCTAD’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 2023.
77 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

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Cite this edition

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2023). Export Concentration Index, 2023 [data set], describing 2023. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/export-concentration/2023

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