Data for 1999

Export Concentration Index, 1999

Name: Export Concentration Index, 1999
Creator: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
License: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/About.html#TERMS_OF_USE

1999, as UNCTAD’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

The export concentration index measures how far a country's merchandise exports are concentrated in a few products rather than spread across many. It runs from 0, exports spread evenly across every product group, to 1, a single product — the classic measure of how exposed a country's export earnings are to the price of one or two goods.

Export Concentration Index, 1999 covers 204 countries on 3 measures. Iraq is highest, at 0.98230; Italy is lowest, at 0.05409. The middle country reads 0.32618. Against 1998, 204 values changed (121 up, 83 down), the same countries are covered.

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Export Concentration Index · Data for 1999

HighestIraq

0.98230

LowestItaly

0.05409

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

204countries
3measures per country
1999the year it describes
204distinct values6 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0 IGOlicence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Export Concentration Index, 1999, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

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Showing 25 of 204 countries · select a heading to sort

Export Concentration Index, 1999: every country, as published by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.98230	0.82092	52	Estimated
Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	0.97077	0.57386	3	Estimated
Guam`GUM`Micronesia	0.93127	0.50630	7	Estimated
Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.88440	0.88883	153	Estimated
Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.85410	0.86824	97	Estimated
Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.84111	0.84518	55	Estimated
Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	0.81120	0.82522	62	Estimated
Cayman Islands`CYM`Caribbean	0.80807	0.74646	10	Estimated
Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.78504	0.74318	25	Estimated
Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.78028	0.80983	92	Estimated
Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.77291	0.81646	76	Estimated
Palau`PLW`Micronesia	0.75422	0.57655	7	Estimated
French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	0.75268	0.79176	42	Estimated
Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.75118	0.73835	184	Estimated
Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.74339	0.81398	53	Estimated
Cook Islands`COK`Polynesia	0.73351	0.54244	9	Estimated
Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.72288	0.88282	146	Estimated
Bermuda`BMU`Northern America	0.71961	0.71272	21	Estimated
Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	0.71223	0.73603	11	—
Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.69166	0.66905	16	—
DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.68531	0.84646	45	Estimated
Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.67493	0.72565	9	Estimated
Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.67236	0.82313	235	Estimated
Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.66318	0.80654	61	Estimated
Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.66218	0.75605	24	—
Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.65877	0.82725	27	Estimated
Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.65009	0.79122	27	Estimated
Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.64940	0.82678	68	Estimated
Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.63495	0.80546	230	Estimated
Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	0.63182	0.80821	27	Estimated
Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.63098	0.88252	70	Estimated
Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	0.61926	0.75588	20	Estimated
Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.61524	0.64206	17	Estimated
Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.61349	0.84445	89	Estimated
Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.60523	0.84618	150	Estimated
Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.59737	0.80339	69	—
Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	0.59677	0.80566	99	Estimated
Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.59209	0.85974	187	Estimated
Suriname`SUR`South America	0.58012	0.80936	39	Estimated
New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	0.57853	0.85868	65	Estimated
Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	0.57606	0.61392	9	—
Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.57256	0.79863	14	Estimated
Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.55147	0.69123	12	Estimated
Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.54606	0.77497	16	Estimated
Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.54402	0.80475	47	Estimated
Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.53929	0.77600	148	Estimated
Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.53463	0.78958	224	Estimated
Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.53433	0.80000	27	Estimated
Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.53252	0.80124	105	—
Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	0.52914	0.67303	34	Estimated
Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.52330	0.82056	55	Estimated
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	0.51861	0.77324	20	Estimated
Greenland`GRL`Northern America	0.51382	0.74841	20	—
Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.51058	0.82644	93	—
Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.50773	0.80516	36	Estimated
Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.49750	0.77987	133	Estimated
Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	0.47530	0.54198	11	Estimated
Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.47224	0.64269	220	—
Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.46799	0.78738	17	Estimated
United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.46495	0.64478	255	Estimated
Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.45583	0.67297	162	Estimated
Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.44781	0.82693	91	Estimated
Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.44387	0.70844	53	Estimated
Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	0.43997	0.72463	16	Estimated
Northern Mariana Islands`MNP`Micronesia	0.43833	0.61999	47	—
Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.43567	0.79742	55	Estimated
American Samoa`ASM`Polynesia	0.43165	0.53547	20	Estimated
Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.42999	0.79915	163	Estimated
Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.42561	0.79598	78	Estimated
Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.42333	0.78316	178	Estimated
British Virgin Islands`VGB`Caribbean	0.42204	0.69645	23	—
Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.42100	0.63334	31	Estimated
Turks and Caicos Islands`TCA`Caribbean	0.41983	0.65250	23	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.40627	0.76918	39	Estimated
Tonga`TON`Polynesia	0.40006	0.62205	17	Estimated
Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.39360	0.83092	100	—
Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.38896	0.79149	176	Estimated
Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.38423	0.86242	122	Estimated
Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.38328	0.79948	74	Estimated
Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.38286	0.82337	184	—
São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.37927	0.64910	25	Estimated
Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	0.37541	0.78639	82	Estimated
Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.37499	0.83362	136	Estimated
Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.36243	0.87781	28	Estimated
Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.36081	0.64709	234	—
Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.35767	0.77263	147	—
Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.35662	0.83428	129	Estimated
Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.35291	0.81904	77	Estimated
Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.35172	0.84312	110	Estimated
Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.34892	0.82067	140	Estimated
Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.34631	0.81651	130	Estimated
Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.34629	0.68754	18	Estimated
Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.34596	0.71172	93	Estimated
Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	0.34127	0.67759	25	Estimated
Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	0.33978	0.80058	137	Estimated
Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.33896	0.79554	134	Estimated
Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.33857	0.79804	67	Estimated
Guyana`GUY`South America	0.33572	0.81636	66	Estimated
Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.33308	0.75898	168	Estimated
Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.33271	0.71093	44	Estimated
Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.33180	0.78064	182	Estimated
Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.33051	0.67356	207	Estimated
Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.32185	0.69814	23	Estimated
Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.31863	0.83956	77	Estimated
Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.31580	0.61498	165	—
Gibraltar`GIB`Southern Europe	0.30500	0.62237	61	—
Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.30254	0.76965	198	Estimated
Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.30021	0.74991	101	Estimated
Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.29222	0.78463	95	Estimated
Colombia`COL`South America	0.28988	0.66112	212	—
Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	0.28933	0.69748	49	Estimated
Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.28831	0.72390	114	Estimated
Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.28739	0.56808	216	—
Belize`BLZ`Central America	0.28674	0.77935	52	Estimated
Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.28468	0.73889	26	Estimated
Honduras`HND`Central America	0.27770	0.77008	184	Estimated
Chile`CHL`South America	0.27574	0.74744	225	—
Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.27293	0.73131	98	Estimated
Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.26872	0.74340	181	Estimated
Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.26793	0.79159	113	Estimated
Anguilla`AIA`Caribbean	0.26689	0.50054	24	Estimated
Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.25897	0.73946	134	Estimated
Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.25595	0.68229	245	—
Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.25466	0.67597	219	Estimated
Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.25168	0.50425	253	Estimated
Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.25127	0.72903	201	Estimated
Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.24904	0.79101	100	Estimated
Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.23586	0.78469	118	Estimated
Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.23154	0.75262	175	Estimated
Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.22848	0.74266	162	Estimated
Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.22777	0.76942	146	Estimated
Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.22459	0.79798	155	—
Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.22442	0.77679	134	Estimated
Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.22247	0.52747	248	—
Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.22035	0.71804	128	—
Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.21963	0.55214	237	—
Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.21888	0.65038	208	—
Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.21453	0.65752	33	Estimated
Panama`PAN`Central America	0.21386	0.62635	181	Estimated
Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.21095	0.57178	230	Estimated
Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.21027	0.68314	193	—
Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.20502	0.71521	185	Estimated
Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.20246	0.57925	240	—
Peru`PER`South America	0.19897	0.76306	207	Estimated
Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.19679	0.63299	217	Estimated
Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.19159	0.76339	125	Estimated
Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	0.18930	0.42111	27	Estimated
Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.18583	0.62450	170	Estimated
Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.18389	0.58737	198	—
Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.18283	0.75233	90	Estimated
Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.18173	0.74383	200	Estimated
El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.18077	0.67647	184	Estimated
India`IND`Southern Asia	0.16190	0.59939	238	—
Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.16143	0.68809	104	—
Uruguay`URY`South America	0.16109	0.63496	172	—
North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.15609	0.65492	183	Estimated
Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.15607	0.48338	237	—
South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.15298	0.38048	237	—
Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.15164	0.56610	223	—
Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.14964	0.42699	252	—
Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	0.14764	0.56915	63	Estimated
Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.14108	0.64045	180	Estimated
Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.14092	0.39503	256	—
Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.13884	0.60788	107	Estimated
Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.13731	0.37569	248	—
Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	0.13520	0.55880	60	Estimated
Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.13430	0.40163	248	Estimated
Montserrat`MSR`Caribbean	0.13231	0.44569	44	Estimated
Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.13172	0.58157	222	—
Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.13056	0.56810	230	Estimated
Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.13001	0.60870	233	—
Argentina`ARG`South America	0.13000	0.57121	238	—
Niue`NIU`Polynesia	0.12830	0.48907	34	—
Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.12572	0.44512	240	—
Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.12496	0.33375	256	—
Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.12441	0.55842	225	—
Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.11931	0.37703	249	—
New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.11809	0.63074	228	—
Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.11707	0.56692	59	Estimated
Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.11618	0.46296	241	—
Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.11566	0.55337	257	Estimated
Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.11374	0.55544	227	—
South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.11321	0.52304	255	Estimated
Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.10843	0.41984	238	—
Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.10784	0.46289	235	Estimated
Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.10585	0.50574	238	—
Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.10322	0.56117	238	—
Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.10290	0.45710	247	—
Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.10240	0.57610	243	—
North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.09828	0.45700	172	—
Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.09808	0.27099	257	—
United States`USA`Northern America	0.09225	0.25756	258	—
Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.09214	0.34250	254	—
Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.09184	0.55879	240	Estimated
Brazil`BRA`South America	0.08632	0.52177	246	—
United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.08508	0.22890	257	—
Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.07907	0.38589	246	—
China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.07679	0.46011	255	—
Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.07477	0.40617	247	—
France`FRA`Western Europe	0.07369	0.25527	258	—
Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.07140	0.33356	259	Estimated
Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.06717	0.35572	254	—
Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.06702	0.41716	253	Estimated
Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.05409	0.36698	256	—

02In 1999

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

Iraq0.98230
Micronesia0.97077
Guam0.93127
Nigeria0.88440
Yemen0.85410

Lowest

Italy0.05409
Denmark0.06702
Austria0.06717
Netherlands0.07140
France0.07369

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.32618. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Export diversification index (0–1)
HighestNigeria0.88883
LowestUnited Kingdom0.22890
Middle country: 0.71222
Products exported (SITC 3-digit groups)
HighestNetherlands259
LowestMicronesia3
Middle country: 132

031998 → 1999

Since 1998

+0 / −0countries joined / left
204values changed, of 204 in both
121 · 83rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Bermuda0.48301 → 0.71961+0.23660
Somalia0.44809 → 0.66218+0.21409
Suriname0.38211 → 0.58012+0.19802
Cayman Islands0.61495 → 0.80807+0.19313
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.32566 → 0.51861+0.19295

Fell most

Niue0.65544 → 0.12830−0.52714
Sierra Leone0.65445 → 0.42100−0.23345
Marshall Islands0.79293 → 0.57606−0.21687
São Tomé and Príncipe0.54766 → 0.37927−0.16840
Burundi0.83955 → 0.67493−0.16462

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from UNCTAD’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 1999.
66 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

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US_ConcentDiversIndices

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Cite this edition

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (1999). Export Concentration Index, 1999 [data set], describing 1999. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/export-concentration/1999

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