Data for 2016

Export Concentration Index, 2016

Name: Export Concentration Index, 2016
Creator: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
License: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/About.html#TERMS_OF_USE

2016, as UNCTAD’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

The export concentration index measures how far a country's merchandise exports are concentrated in a few products rather than spread across many. It runs from 0, exports spread evenly across every product group, to 1, a single product — the classic measure of how exposed a country's export earnings are to the price of one or two goods.

Export Concentration Index, 2016 covers 213 countries on 3 measures. South Sudan is highest, at 0.98470; Italy is lowest, at 0.05169. The middle country reads 0.29347. Against 2015, 213 values changed (108 up, 105 down), the same countries are covered.

Download CSV Cite this year

Share this page

Export Concentration Index · Data for 2016

HighestSouth Sudan

0.98470

LowestItaly

0.05169

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

213countries
3measures per country
2016the year it describes
213distinct values6 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0 IGOlicence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Export Concentration Index, 2016, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 213 countries · select a heading to sort

Export Concentration Index, 2016: every country, as published by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

South Sudan`SSD`Eastern Africa	0.98470	0.814947	17	—
Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.93582	0.894138	101	Estimated
Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	0.89918	0.823468	6	Estimated
Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.89271	0.893389	154	Estimated
Cayman Islands`CYM`Caribbean	0.88368	0.870732	8	Estimated
Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.87890	0.937819	148	Estimated
Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	0.87415	0.814276	9	Estimated
Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.82074	0.718445	14	Estimated
Sint Maarten`SXM`Caribbean	0.81164	0.834091	21	More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.80993	0.835075	168	Estimated
Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.79006	0.847718	36	Estimated
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	0.77949	0.853581	14	Estimated
Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.76254	0.820008	202	—
Suriname`SUR`South America	0.76218	0.829464	84	Estimated
Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.75915	0.867955	193	Estimated
Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.73676	0.871432	122	Estimated
Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	0.72336	0.855214	46	Estimated
Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.71792	0.809665	106	Estimated
Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.70478	0.893639	31	Estimated
Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	0.70263	0.668124	22	—
Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.68743	0.857856	175	Estimated
Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.68571	0.820761	34	—
Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.67099	0.828334	34	—
Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	0.66749	0.781268	10	—
Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.65347	0.813223	108	Estimated
Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.65064	0.857865	93	Estimated
São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.64804	0.739718	16	Estimated
Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.64363	0.777037	10	Estimated
Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	0.64360	0.778434	22	Estimated
Bermuda`BMU`Northern America	0.63711	0.795785	10	Estimated
Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.62193	0.806415	32	Estimated
Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.61319	0.778151	245	Estimated
New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	0.61216	0.926172	102	Estimated
Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	0.60640	0.604913	14	Estimated
Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.60334	0.812372	218	Estimated
Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	0.60006	0.839374	114	—
Palau`PLW`Micronesia	0.58249	0.756033	12	Estimated
Curaçao`CUW`Caribbean	0.57014	0.797151	66	Estimated
Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.56145	0.863688	74	Estimated
Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.55994	0.862622	113	Estimated
Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.53705	0.836648	79	Estimated
Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.53213	0.850600	121	Estimated
Gibraltar`GIB`Southern Europe	0.51355	0.714832	43	—
Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.51161	0.813835	88	—
French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	0.51019	0.772630	44	Estimated
Cook Islands`COK`Polynesia	0.50819	0.734985	11	Estimated
Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.50808	0.821033	66	Estimated
Guyana`GUY`South America	0.50741	0.835252	92	Estimated
Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.50553	0.799381	227	—
Greenland`GRL`Northern America	0.50482	0.771605	18	—
Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.50421	0.815187	39	Estimated
Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.49626	0.804167	31	Estimated
Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.49002	0.817435	193	Estimated
Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.48891	0.813918	93	—
DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.46982	0.849855	112	Estimated
Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.46726	0.812515	181	Estimated
Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.45185	0.708787	242	Estimated
Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	0.45115	0.684224	67	Estimated
Guam`GUM`Micronesia	0.44654	0.619084	36	Estimated
Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.44104	0.754057	132	—
Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.44093	0.802269	136	—
Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.42975	0.768341	186	Estimated
Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.42309	0.710254	28	Estimated
Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	0.41796	0.768895	59	Estimated
Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.40459	0.889649	192	Estimated
Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	0.40173	0.733510	77	Estimated
Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.39839	0.831492	111	Estimated
Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.39020	0.760318	98	Estimated
Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.38531	0.773791	29	Estimated
Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.37908	0.801302	90	Estimated
Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.37145	0.834609	102	Estimated
Montserrat`MSR`Caribbean	0.37142	0.618364	24	Estimated
Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.37095	0.796667	110	Estimated
Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.37029	0.762726	43	Estimated
Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.36552	0.846737	165	Estimated
Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.36133	0.828392	67	Estimated
Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.36068	0.640125	161	—
Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.36045	0.742946	25	Estimated
Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.35820	0.794260	121	Estimated
Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.35771	0.726788	224	Estimated
North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.35770	0.751615	178	—
Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.35378	0.798308	162	Estimated
Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	0.35164	0.704397	30	Estimated
Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.34760	0.778632	199	—
British Virgin Islands`VGB`Caribbean	0.34686	0.707784	21	—
Tonga`TON`Polynesia	0.34385	0.776234	30	Estimated
Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.33927	0.798714	60	Estimated
Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.32867	0.823317	155	Estimated
Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.32751	0.840421	163	Estimated
Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.32741	0.666752	181	Estimated
Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.32701	0.781150	96	Estimated
Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.32681	0.825445	61	Estimated
Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.32597	0.668611	174	Estimated
American Samoa`ASM`Polynesia	0.32487	0.735826	92	Estimated
Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.32333	0.802879	147	Estimated
Belize`BLZ`Central America	0.32123	0.736263	102	Estimated
Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	0.31963	0.705395	24	Estimated
Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.31504	0.643908	237	—
Anguilla`AIA`Caribbean	0.31356	0.625091	32	Estimated
Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.31231	0.786758	192	Estimated
Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.30927	0.758817	190	Estimated
Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.30608	0.788301	173	Estimated
Chile`CHL`South America	0.30556	0.767398	234	—
Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.30073	0.812941	133	Estimated
Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.29951	0.640624	254	—
Northern Mariana Islands`MNP`Micronesia	0.29876	0.666703	25	—
Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.29347	0.834552	152	Estimated
Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.28911	0.790116	157	Estimated
Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.28901	0.645297	247	—
Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.28677	0.560047	233	—
Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.28198	0.779189	126	Estimated
Colombia`COL`South America	0.28056	0.651227	232	—
Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.28012	0.813615	182	Estimated
Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.27812	0.762005	198	Estimated
Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.27795	0.806425	39	Estimated
Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.27756	0.483798	245	—
Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.27648	0.771630	185	Estimated
Peru`PER`South America	0.27314	0.754396	233	Estimated
Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.26951	0.670622	216	Estimated
Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.26842	0.563659	241	—
Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.26712	0.755188	142	Estimated
Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.26619	0.808728	160	Estimated
Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.25914	0.837943	82	Estimated
Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	0.25896	0.679624	34	Estimated
Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.25481	0.718791	128	Estimated
Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.25466	0.555740	229	—
Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.25359	0.673169	221	Estimated
Niue`NIU`Polynesia	0.24666	0.535660	39	—
Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.24463	0.669405	251	Estimated
Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.23975	0.744255	40	Estimated
Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.23859	0.672981	240	—
Turks and Caicos Islands`TCA`Caribbean	0.23416	0.669993	36	Estimated
Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.23407	0.557562	243	—
Panama`PAN`Central America	0.23283	0.600494	226	Estimated
Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.23186	0.795671	161	Estimated
Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.23122	0.711930	179	Estimated
Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.23006	0.463194	258	Estimated
Honduras`HND`Central America	0.22917	0.714193	203	Estimated
United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.22836	0.555113	258	Estimated
Uruguay`URY`South America	0.22802	0.747358	187	—
Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.22372	0.798680	108	Estimated
Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.22261	0.696365	138	Estimated
Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.22156	0.686722	226	Estimated
Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.22110	0.753856	181	Estimated
Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.21413	0.775823	213	—
Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	0.21262	0.727854	109	—
North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.21174	0.671554	201	Estimated
El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.21167	0.669357	200	Estimated
Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.21054	0.679648	224	Estimated
Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	0.20801	0.545084	73	Estimated
Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.20481	0.736601	217	Estimated
Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.20427	0.565421	248	—
Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.20097	0.719257	165	Estimated
Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.20077	0.720216	193	Estimated
Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	0.19889	0.697336	32	Estimated
Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.19846	0.670862	177	—
Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.19753	0.665187	207	—
Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.19717	0.465763	247	—
Argentina`ARG`South America	0.19468	0.667806	242	—
Palestine`PSE`Western Asia	0.19284	0.655683	153	Estimated
Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.18804	0.659634	190	Estimated
Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	0.18052	0.595622	142	Estimated
Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.17769	0.638442	132	Estimated
Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.17372	0.441321	253	—
Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.17347	0.652958	224	Estimated
New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.16209	0.688632	236	—
Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.16057	0.693959	178	—
Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.15514	0.560385	241	Estimated
Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.14879	0.577072	243	Estimated
Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.14706	0.698294	220	Estimated
Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.14612	0.665572	242	—
South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.14413	0.424724	249	—
Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.14309	0.522318	243	—
Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.14175	0.644778	202	Estimated
Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.14091	0.401575	242	—
Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.13810	0.735067	116	Estimated
Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.13767	0.379810	255	—
Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.13739	0.608779	178	Estimated
Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.13409	0.518876	215	—
Brazil`BRA`South America	0.13095	0.565966	251	—
Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.12778	0.550232	245	—
Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.12700	0.405338	243	—
Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.12415	0.412062	252	—
South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.12390	0.520232	254	—
Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.12296	0.615108	223	Estimated
Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.12058	0.405825	250	Estimated
India`IND`Southern Asia	0.11970	0.440867	254	—
Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.11178	0.450569	245	—
Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.11164	0.424281	244	—
Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.10960	0.434390	249	Estimated
United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.10831	0.319620	260	—
Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.10763	0.437528	239	—
Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.10694	0.339239	255	—
China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.10513	0.410168	256	—
Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.10398	0.609951	220	Estimated
Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.10351	0.307073	257	—
Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.10122	0.524467	238	Estimated
United States`USA`Northern America	0.09934	0.244582	259	—
France`FRA`Western Europe	0.09846	0.323503	257	—
Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.09349	0.387656	257	—
Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.09065	0.342892	251	—
Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.08903	0.431138	245	Estimated
Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.08654	0.499674	245	—
Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.08269	0.460563	251	Estimated
Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.07805	0.447546	251	Estimated
Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.07770	0.358446	248	—
Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.07590	0.431705	252	—
Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.07536	0.325159	256	Estimated
Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.07168	0.403678	246	—
Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.06734	0.372562	252	—
Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.06598	0.450666	240	—
Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.06148	0.335111	247	—
Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.05169	0.345984	256	—

02In 2016

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

South Sudan0.98470
Iraq0.93582
Kiribati0.89918
Angola0.89271
Cayman Islands0.88368

Lowest

Italy0.05169
Austria0.06148
Croatia0.06598
Poland0.06734
Portugal0.07168

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.29347. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Export diversification index (0–1)
HighestBotswana0.937819
LowestUnited States0.244582
Middle country: 0.726788
Products exported (SITC 3-digit groups)
HighestUnited Kingdom260
LowestKiribati6
Middle country: 168

032015 → 2016

Since 2015

+0 / −0countries joined / left
213values changed, of 213 in both
108 · 105rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Suriname0.56214 → 0.76218+0.20004
Sint Maarten0.61570 → 0.81164+0.19595
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.63783 → 0.77949+0.14167
Gambia0.37499 → 0.50421+0.12922
Micronesia0.75076 → 0.87415+0.12339

Fell most

Timor-Leste0.86787 → 0.42309−0.44478
Liberia0.65411 → 0.37029−0.28382
Eritrea0.55857 → 0.27795−0.28062
Gibraltar0.71987 → 0.51355−0.20632
Bahamas0.59589 → 0.41796−0.17793

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from UNCTAD’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 2016.
73 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

Download and cite

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
213 rows · 11 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download export-concentration-2016-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
UNCTAD’s own file, on its own site.
US_ConcentDiversIndices

What this site changed: Reshaped to one row per country, with its ISO code; no value recalculated, rescaled or rounded. In full

Licence: CC BY 3.0 IGO · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2016). Export Concentration Index, 2016 [data set], describing 2016. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/export-concentration/2016

0631 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Export Concentration Index, 2015
213 countries
The year after ›
Export Concentration Index, 2017
213 countries
All of them
Export Concentration Index: every year
31 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

This edition

The same ranking, cut differently

Behind the number

Browse

By continent

Much-read profiles

Every subject

The numbers

Reading the data