Data for 2012

Export Concentration Index, 2012

Name: Export Concentration Index, 2012
Creator: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
License: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/About.html#TERMS_OF_USE

2012, as UNCTAD’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

The export concentration index measures how far a country's merchandise exports are concentrated in a few products rather than spread across many. It runs from 0, exports spread evenly across every product group, to 1, a single product — the classic measure of how exposed a country's export earnings are to the price of one or two goods.

Export Concentration Index, 2012 covers 213 countries on 3 measures. South Sudan is highest, at 0.99473; Italy is lowest, at 0.05634. The middle country reads 0.30091. Against 2011, 211 values changed (100 up, 111 down), 2 countries joined.

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Export Concentration Index · Data for 2012

HighestSouth Sudan

0.99473

LowestItaly

0.05634

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

213countries
3measures per country
2012the year it describes
213distinct values6 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0 IGOlicence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Export Concentration Index, 2012, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

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Showing 25 of 213 countries · select a heading to sort

Export Concentration Index, 2012: every country, as published by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

South Sudan`SSD`Eastern Africa	0.99473	0.52471	3	—
Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.95401	0.86521	125	Estimated
Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	0.93169	0.75936	13	—
Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.92163	0.84546	108	Estimated
Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.91767	0.69222	8	—
Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.88632	0.82412	6	Estimated
Sint Maarten`SXM`Caribbean	0.87688	0.61854	10	More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.86467	0.78415	160	Estimated
Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	0.85552	0.73072	10	Estimated
Cayman Islands`CYM`Caribbean	0.83711	0.81687	14	Estimated
Palau`PLW`Micronesia	0.81610	0.75652	12	Estimated
Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	0.81333	0.74187	9	Estimated
Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.80921	0.77815	121	Estimated
Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.80872	0.75493	65	Estimated
Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.79332	0.82612	114	Estimated
Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	0.79074	0.80963	8	—
Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.78791	0.74737	51	Estimated
Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.77902	0.82135	106	Estimated
Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.77046	0.88505	167	Estimated
Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.76722	0.77254	40	Estimated
Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.75833	0.79625	212	Estimated
Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.75404	0.78416	197	Estimated
Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.75071	0.78677	30	—
British Virgin Islands`VGB`Caribbean	0.74049	0.76558	16	—
Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.73491	0.75526	49	—
Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	0.73168	0.83920	43	Estimated
Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.72286	0.82642	111	Estimated
Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.71863	0.83053	117	Estimated
Gibraltar`GIB`Southern Europe	0.71626	0.74507	37	—
Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.71485	0.74377	250	Estimated
Curaçao`CUW`Caribbean	0.68328	0.76507	89	Estimated
Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.68220	0.90143	126	Estimated
Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.67911	0.81317	177	Estimated
Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	0.65405	0.84302	125	—
Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.64522	0.76229	138	Estimated
Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	0.62908	0.81019	73	Estimated
Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	0.62544	0.72173	6	Estimated
French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	0.62266	0.74762	30	Estimated
Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.60518	0.76055	54	Estimated
New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	0.60184	0.90886	97	Estimated
Cook Islands`COK`Polynesia	0.59318	0.74040	12	Estimated
Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.59234	0.74060	230	—
Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.58769	0.69507	256	Estimated
Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.56385	0.78191	101	Estimated
Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.55932	0.81011	40	Estimated
Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.55684	0.82839	119	—
Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.54241	0.71428	8	Estimated
Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.53975	0.72860	98	—
Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.53481	0.79700	64	Estimated
Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.52789	0.85652	118	Estimated
Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.51764	0.71854	200	—
Suriname`SUR`South America	0.51725	0.78718	110	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.50679	0.69550	222	Estimated
Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.50650	0.81182	102	—
Guyana`GUY`South America	0.50539	0.84048	86	Estimated
Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.50311	0.75968	36	Estimated
Guam`GUM`Micronesia	0.49124	0.69598	39	Estimated
Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.46959	0.81735	90	Estimated
Greenland`GRL`Northern America	0.46517	0.72482	19	—
Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.45821	0.79634	116	Estimated
Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.45317	0.73046	215	Estimated
Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.45312	0.76457	208	Estimated
Bermuda`BMU`Northern America	0.45056	0.77127	8	Estimated
Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.44864	0.77735	201	Estimated
Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.44737	0.80411	177	Estimated
Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.44004	0.81237	58	Estimated
São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.43996	0.62194	26	Estimated
Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.43657	0.69767	185	Estimated
Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	0.43619	0.77071	66	Estimated
Colombia`COL`South America	0.43471	0.64297	230	—
Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.43394	0.77347	129	—
Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	0.42626	0.59554	66	Estimated
Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.41158	0.79254	124	—
Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.40580	0.61650	235	—
Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.40163	0.78234	86	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.39912	0.83090	195	Estimated
Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.39526	0.72236	162	Estimated
Turks and Caicos Islands`TCA`Caribbean	0.39516	0.64060	21	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Anguilla`AIA`Caribbean	0.39488	0.57314	33	Estimated
American Samoa`ASM`Polynesia	0.39406	0.67157	78	Estimated
Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.39153	0.77084	48	Estimated
Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.38976	0.77487	40	Estimated
Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	0.38630	0.61289	86	Estimated
Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.38240	0.61442	254	—
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	0.38031	0.74304	30	Estimated
Chile`CHL`South America	0.36154	0.72511	230	—
Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.36040	0.70434	184	Estimated
North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.35847	0.68337	188	—
Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.35732	0.72051	221	Estimated
Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.35660	0.77156	53	Estimated
Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.35562	0.80544	165	Estimated
Niue`NIU`Polynesia	0.34999	0.52705	39	—
Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.34904	0.78886	158	Estimated
Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.34387	0.76927	221	Estimated
Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.34201	0.71233	53	Estimated
Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	0.33946	0.70522	116	—
Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.33810	0.54214	245	—
Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.33291	0.72852	180	Estimated
Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	0.33159	0.69837	28	Estimated
Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.33139	0.75430	103	Estimated
Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.33043	0.77511	138	Estimated
United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.32997	0.50083	258	Estimated
DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.32673	0.78920	157	Estimated
Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	0.32567	0.71203	43	Estimated
Tonga`TON`Polynesia	0.31949	0.74084	28	Estimated
Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.31704	0.73611	142	Estimated
Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.30091	0.78267	167	Estimated
Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.30009	0.79026	125	Estimated
Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.29504	0.77239	124	Estimated
Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.29291	0.77963	116	Estimated
Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.29193	0.76020	138	Estimated
Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.29113	0.71340	27	Estimated
Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.28550	0.75091	200	Estimated
Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.28379	0.62028	181	Estimated
Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.28290	0.65387	247	—
Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.28072	0.77470	73	Estimated
Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	0.27957	0.70371	27	Estimated
Belize`BLZ`Central America	0.27724	0.70949	97	Estimated
Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.27605	0.57960	248	—
Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.27224	0.58397	240	Estimated
Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.27135	0.74261	186	Estimated
Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.27029	0.72457	132	Estimated
Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.27008	0.80851	77	Estimated
Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.26645	0.74059	159	Estimated
Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.26639	0.58127	229	—
Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.26214	0.65023	256	Estimated
Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.26090	0.70022	180	Estimated
Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.25587	0.77749	204	Estimated
Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.25089	0.69475	184	—
Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.25009	0.72514	192	Estimated
Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.24840	0.78087	187	Estimated
Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.24762	0.68553	240	—
Peru`PER`South America	0.24670	0.71857	238	Estimated
Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.24591	0.48823	256	Estimated
Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	0.24439	0.61296	44	Estimated
Honduras`HND`Central America	0.23303	0.74185	207	Estimated
Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.22758	0.75108	138	Estimated
Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.22663	0.73781	205	Estimated
Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.22475	0.72863	48	Estimated
Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.22265	0.56747	236	—
Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.22007	0.65466	196	Estimated
Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.21574	0.63841	236	—
Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	0.21069	0.53767	74	Estimated
Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.20577	0.53964	243	—
Uruguay`URY`South America	0.20565	0.70656	193	—
Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.20455	0.48056	245	—
Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.19964	0.48195	243	—
Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.19945	0.80140	166	Estimated
Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.19894	0.77028	225	Estimated
Montserrat`MSR`Caribbean	0.19675	0.48561	30	Estimated
Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	0.19327	0.57800	134	Estimated
El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.19315	0.65214	206	Estimated
Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.18930	0.70359	168	Estimated
Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.18552	0.65320	230	Estimated
Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.18285	0.72125	216	—
Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.17922	0.55186	158	—
Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.17513	0.61475	67	Estimated
Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.17387	0.60479	214	—
Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.17273	0.53479	247	Estimated
India`IND`Southern Asia	0.17256	0.50336	255	—
North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.17181	0.66560	207	Estimated
New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.17078	0.65592	236	—
Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.17072	0.70663	189	Estimated
Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.16977	0.55648	243	—
Palestine`PSE`Western Asia	0.16671	0.65477	156	Estimated
Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.16578	0.46066	246	—
Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.16517	0.34687	257	—
Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.16397	0.45514	254	—
Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.16203	0.65384	229	Estimated
Northern Mariana Islands`MNP`Micronesia	0.15501	0.61441	47	—
Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.15201	0.48998	220	—
Argentina`ARG`South America	0.15141	0.59433	243	—
Brazil`BRA`South America	0.14884	0.52127	251	—
South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.14678	0.45893	248	—
Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.14576	0.39590	251	—
Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.14533	0.67371	225	Estimated
Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.13981	0.45395	251	Estimated
Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.13921	0.49311	244	—
Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.13870	0.53061	154	Estimated
Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.13744	0.62073	176	—
Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.13741	0.47078	241	—
Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.13702	0.54669	245	—
Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.13603	0.70595	116	Estimated
Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.13591	0.64863	220	Estimated
South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.13572	0.53330	252	—
Panama`PAN`Central America	0.12963	0.54415	229	Estimated
Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.12490	0.50333	242	Estimated
Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.12329	0.42066	245	—
Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.12147	0.59757	249	—
United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.11770	0.32311	258	—
Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.11501	0.34788	259	Estimated
Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.11344	0.46463	239	Estimated
Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.10686	0.43213	255	—
Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.10580	0.60614	222	Estimated
Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.10406	0.45567	234	—
Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.10286	0.42813	253	Estimated
Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.10241	0.47449	244	Estimated
China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.10150	0.46718	256	—
Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.09817	0.38767	258	—
Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.09482	0.36833	252	—
Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.09215	0.43537	250	—
Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.09169	0.34363	258	—
Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.09106	0.35141	256	—
Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.09093	0.41384	242	—
France`FRA`Western Europe	0.09079	0.34055	257	—
United States`USA`Northern America	0.08970	0.25270	259	—
Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.08196	0.39098	251	—
Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.07968	0.39319	249	—
Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.07647	0.43128	253	Estimated
Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.06760	0.51538	245	—
Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.06463	0.39920	253	—
Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.05933	0.34589	250	—
Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.05634	0.36312	259	—

02In 2012

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

South Sudan0.99473
Iraq0.95401
Nauru0.93169
Angola0.92163
Guinea-Bissau0.91767

Lowest

Italy0.05634
Austria0.05933
Poland0.06463
Serbia0.06760
Denmark0.07647

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.30091. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Export diversification index (0–1)
HighestNew Caledonia0.90886
LowestUnited States0.25270
Middle country: 0.70949
Products exported (SITC 3-digit groups)
Highest3 share it
LowestSouth Sudan3
Middle country: 168

032011 → 2012

Since 2011

+2 / −0countries joined / left
211values changed, of 211 in both
100 · 111rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Timor-Leste0.41079 → 0.88632+0.47554
British Virgin Islands0.33573 → 0.74049+0.40476
Micronesia0.67277 → 0.85552+0.18275
Seychelles0.43442 → 0.60518+0.17077
Sint Maarten0.71399 → 0.87688+0.16289

Fell most

Vanuatu0.72501 → 0.22475−0.50026
Kuwait0.61944 → 0.27605−0.34339
Antigua and Barbuda0.70007 → 0.42626−0.27381
Bermuda0.67955 → 0.45056−0.22899
Aruba0.80855 → 0.62908−0.17947

+ Sudan

+ South Sudan

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from UNCTAD’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 2012.
76 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

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Cite this edition

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2012). Export Concentration Index, 2012 [data set], describing 2012. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/export-concentration/2012

0631 held

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