Data for 2018

Export Concentration Index, 2018

Name: Export Concentration Index, 2018
Creator: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
License: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/About.html#TERMS_OF_USE

2018, as UNCTAD’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

The export concentration index measures how far a country's merchandise exports are concentrated in a few products rather than spread across many. It runs from 0, exports spread evenly across every product group, to 1, a single product — the classic measure of how exposed a country's export earnings are to the price of one or two goods.

Export Concentration Index, 2018 covers 213 countries on 3 measures. São Tomé and Príncipe is highest, at 0.963765; Italy is lowest, at 0.052845. The middle country reads 0.294710. Against 2017, 213 values changed (119 up, 94 down), the same countries are covered.

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Export Concentration Index · Data for 2018

HighestSão Tomé and Príncipe

0.963765

LowestItaly

0.052845

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

213countries
3measures per country
2018the year it describes
213distinct values6 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0 IGOlicence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Export Concentration Index, 2018, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

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Showing 25 of 213 countries · select a heading to sort

Export Concentration Index, 2018: every country, as published by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.963765	0.8360	4	Estimated
Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.944083	0.8770	154	Estimated
South Sudan`SSD`Eastern Africa	0.942011	0.7611	17	—
Niue`NIU`Polynesia	0.908356	0.7382	3	—
Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.891721	0.9251	156	Estimated
Cayman Islands`CYM`Caribbean	0.890287	0.8684	8	Estimated
Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.881965	0.8865	144	Estimated
Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	0.880083	0.7800	6	Estimated
Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	0.859133	0.7338	6	Estimated
Sint Maarten`SXM`Caribbean	0.855473	0.7789	41	More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.848287	0.8059	83	Estimated
Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.828842	0.8259	173	Estimated
Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.824815	0.8384	58	Estimated
Suriname`SUR`South America	0.823373	0.8546	81	Estimated
Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.769316	0.8385	120	Estimated
Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.768522	0.7918	204	—
Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.766089	0.8495	207	Estimated
Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	0.761677	0.8156	11	Estimated
Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	0.760898	0.7995	8	—
Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.741343	0.8787	137	Estimated
Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.737546	0.8437	115	Estimated
Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.736168	0.7720	11	Estimated
Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.723528	0.8704	181	Estimated
Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	0.699841	0.8425	49	Estimated
Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.684613	0.8625	33	Estimated
Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.675713	0.8105	9	Estimated
Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.664497	0.7942	224	Estimated
Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.662946	0.8596	101	Estimated
Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.644462	0.8296	38	—
Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	0.621466	0.8508	117	—
New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	0.617096	0.9368	93	Estimated
Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.615785	0.8252	134	—
Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.599156	0.7697	236	—
Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.596733	0.7632	245	Estimated
Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	0.596165	0.7607	13	Estimated
Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.576870	0.8450	109	Estimated
Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.570613	0.8230	91	—
Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.566263	0.8722	125	Estimated
Palau`PLW`Micronesia	0.561348	0.6906	19	Estimated
French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	0.560239	0.7604	50	Estimated
Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.537711	0.8267	115	Estimated
Guam`GUM`Micronesia	0.535108	0.6629	33	Estimated
Cook Islands`COK`Polynesia	0.533638	0.7750	9	Estimated
Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.529831	0.7626	26	Estimated
Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.522343	0.7063	247	Estimated
Greenland`GRL`Northern America	0.520306	0.7470	16	—
Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.506573	0.7359	17	Estimated
Guyana`GUY`South America	0.495086	0.8366	85	Estimated
Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.491544	0.7614	111	Estimated
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	0.479874	0.8060	20	Estimated
Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.473460	0.8088	118	—
Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.468875	0.8324	37	Estimated
Gibraltar`GIB`Southern Europe	0.468869	0.6915	47	—
Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.468757	0.7982	37	—
Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.466046	0.7836	197	Estimated
Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	0.462852	0.8255	64	Estimated
Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.460051	0.7928	136	—
Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.458490	0.8041	42	Estimated
Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.455371	0.8328	193	Estimated
Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.454769	0.8411	108	Estimated
Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.450630	0.7361	50	Estimated
Bermuda`BMU`Northern America	0.444837	0.7975	12	Estimated
DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.435896	0.8966	131	Estimated
Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.423367	0.7646	61	Estimated
Curaçao`CUW`Caribbean	0.422864	0.7251	135	Estimated
Northern Mariana Islands`MNP`Micronesia	0.416946	0.6525	26	—
Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.415309	0.8164	107	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.413455	0.7931	66	Estimated
Montserrat`MSR`Caribbean	0.413342	0.5647	27	Estimated
Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.412368	0.7648	127	Estimated
Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.408485	0.8377	83	Estimated
Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.403680	0.8855	194	Estimated
Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.398615	0.7642	190	Estimated
Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.396719	0.8045	113	Estimated
Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.392987	0.7641	191	—
Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	0.388248	0.6133	38	—
American Samoa`ASM`Polynesia	0.386976	0.7082	80	Estimated
Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.386587	0.7426	116	Estimated
Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.385568	0.6768	233	Estimated
British Virgin Islands`VGB`Caribbean	0.383149	0.7103	22	—
Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.382198	0.7737	134	Estimated
Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.380920	0.7182	178	Estimated
Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.377941	0.8571	161	Estimated
Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.377339	0.7756	68	Estimated
Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.375020	0.8585	76	Estimated
Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.369986	0.6641	160	—
Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.369492	0.8623	85	Estimated
Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.365068	0.8106	154	Estimated
Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.364152	0.8313	97	Estimated
Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.355904	0.6582	241	—
Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.351302	0.7662	161	Estimated
Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.347233	0.8234	165	Estimated
Colombia`COL`South America	0.340545	0.6560	229	—
Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.337907	0.7048	214	Estimated
Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.332965	0.7943	139	Estimated
Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.326687	0.6325	254	—
Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.325558	0.7803	161	Estimated
Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	0.323000	0.6301	49	Estimated
Chile`CHL`South America	0.320282	0.7713	237	—
Tonga`TON`Polynesia	0.319514	0.6929	31	Estimated
Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.313296	0.7736	144	Estimated
Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.313250	0.7461	186	Estimated
Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	0.312620	0.7140	29	Estimated
Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.301668	0.6250	181	Estimated
Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.296798	0.7945	117	Estimated
Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.296589	0.7137	166	Estimated
Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.294710	0.4820	243	—
Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.290825	0.5688	245	—
Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.289575	0.8209	160	Estimated
Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.287232	0.7849	158	Estimated
Peru`PER`South America	0.286462	0.7701	231	Estimated
Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.285628	0.5689	241	—
Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.276035	0.7129	253	Estimated
Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.273198	0.8119	164	Estimated
Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.271599	0.8007	45	Estimated
Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.270768	0.7097	61	Estimated
Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.270057	0.7445	158	Estimated
Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	0.269187	0.6851	33	Estimated
Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.267885	0.6972	241	—
Belize`BLZ`Central America	0.267680	0.7332	96	Estimated
Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.264709	0.6648	218	Estimated
Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.263107	0.7699	182	Estimated
Turks and Caicos Islands`TCA`Caribbean	0.263089	0.6937	33	Estimated
Anguilla`AIA`Caribbean	0.262797	0.5905	45	Estimated
Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.262492	0.7658	187	Estimated
Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.259240	0.7743	203	Estimated
Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.256056	0.6966	146	Estimated
Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.249768	0.5511	234	—
Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.247501	0.7694	186	Estimated
Honduras`HND`Central America	0.246790	0.7104	200	Estimated
United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.246015	0.5205	258	Estimated
Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.245993	0.6362	248	—
Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.237964	0.4686	252	Estimated
Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	0.236915	0.5876	142	Estimated
Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.232262	0.7709	195	Estimated
Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.231691	0.6796	232	Estimated
Argentina`ARG`South America	0.227469	0.7080	211	—
Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.227287	0.7543	43	Estimated
Uruguay`URY`South America	0.225767	0.7570	190	—
Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	0.225196	0.6019	47	Estimated
Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.224988	0.7396	163	Estimated
Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.224247	0.7520	113	Estimated
Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.223105	0.5513	230	—
Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.219845	0.7654	175	Estimated
Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	0.218052	0.6835	102	—
Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.217687	0.7490	108	Estimated
Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.217410	0.4369	253	—
Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	0.216857	0.5379	81	Estimated
Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.216532	0.4867	247	—
Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.214022	0.6437	207	—
North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.212771	0.6646	203	Estimated
Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.211445	0.6717	194	—
El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.207962	0.6782	202	Estimated
Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	0.205382	0.5858	113	Estimated
Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.204092	0.7606	220	—
Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	0.200570	0.6551	33	Estimated
South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.198341	0.4309	249	—
Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.196288	0.7187	175	—
Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.186212	0.7276	221	Estimated
Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.184066	0.6799	227	Estimated
Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.182727	0.6887	236	Estimated
Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.180251	0.7092	203	Estimated
New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.174901	0.7060	236	—
Brazil`BRA`South America	0.170667	0.5824	249	—
Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.169250	0.6520	197	Estimated
Palestine`PSE`Western Asia	0.169120	0.6591	157	Estimated
Panama`PAN`Central America	0.167646	0.5396	222	Estimated
Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.166977	0.5533	247	—
Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.161934	0.5597	238	Estimated
Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.157549	0.6474	203	Estimated
Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.155519	0.5893	194	Estimated
Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.152787	0.6198	126	Estimated
Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.152558	0.7141	217	Estimated
Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.147056	0.3770	256	—
Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.145784	0.5703	238	Estimated
Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.143108	0.5166	240	—
Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.141005	0.5347	218	—
Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.140010	0.6488	245	—
Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.138845	0.3954	245	—
India`IND`Southern Asia	0.138754	0.4754	252	—
Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.138546	0.4206	240	—
Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.134379	0.5643	246	—
South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.133217	0.5452	254	—
Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.127394	0.4331	252	—
North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.118556	0.5402	131	—
Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.118000	0.4413	249	Estimated
Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.114548	0.4462	245	—
Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.113567	0.4576	243	—
Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.112633	0.6138	226	Estimated
United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.111901	0.3244	259	—
Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.105585	0.3987	252	Estimated
Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.105384	0.5375	240	Estimated
Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.101212	0.5936	218	Estimated
United States`USA`Northern America	0.099494	0.2398	260	—
Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.097137	0.3405	255	—
China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.096900	0.4125	254	—
Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.096714	0.4524	238	—
Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.096624	0.3606	251	—
Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.094261	0.4099	256	—
Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.093125	0.3113	257	—
Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.091850	0.4632	254	Estimated
France`FRA`Western Europe	0.088722	0.3327	257	—
Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.086194	0.4348	243	Estimated
Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.082606	0.3135	258	Estimated
Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.080731	0.4964	248	—
Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.080008	0.4069	251	—
Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.078841	0.3543	250	—
Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.073749	0.4244	250	—
Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.071465	0.4469	240	—
Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.069434	0.4410	252	Estimated
Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.067601	0.3346	248	—
Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.063268	0.3965	253	—
Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.052845	0.3574	257	—

02In 2018

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

São Tomé and Príncipe0.963765
Iraq0.944083
South Sudan0.942011
Niue0.908356
Botswana0.891721

Lowest

Italy0.052845
Poland0.063268
Austria0.067601
Denmark0.069434
Croatia0.071465

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.294710. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Export diversification index (0–1)
HighestNew Caledonia0.9368
LowestUnited States0.2398
Middle country: 0.7182
Products exported (SITC 3-digit groups)
HighestUnited States260
LowestNiue3
Middle country: 165

032017 → 2018

Since 2017

+0 / −0countries joined / left
213values changed, of 213 in both
119 · 94rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

São Tomé and Príncipe0.623624 → 0.963765+0.340141
Tuvalu0.576631 → 0.859133+0.282502
Republic of the Congo0.546566 → 0.737546+0.190980
Jamaica0.464276 → 0.615785+0.151509
American Samoa0.236128 → 0.386976+0.150848

Fell most

Seychelles0.785521 → 0.413455−0.372066
Nauru0.657053 → 0.388248−0.268805
British Virgin Islands0.623866 → 0.383149−0.240717
Gambia0.507958 → 0.270768−0.237190
Guinea-Bissau0.903717 → 0.736168−0.167549

04Caveats

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How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from UNCTAD’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 2018.
73 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

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UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2018). Export Concentration Index, 2018 [data set], describing 2018. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/export-concentration/2018

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