Data for 1997

Export Concentration Index, 1997

Name: Export Concentration Index, 1997
Creator: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
License: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/About.html#TERMS_OF_USE

1997, as UNCTAD’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

The export concentration index measures how far a country's merchandise exports are concentrated in a few products rather than spread across many. It runs from 0, exports spread evenly across every product group, to 1, a single product — the classic measure of how exposed a country's export earnings are to the price of one or two goods.

Export Concentration Index, 1997 covers 204 countries on 3 measures. Iraq is highest, at 0.95171; Italy is lowest, at 0.05414. The middle country reads 0.31855. Against 1996, 202 values changed (105 up, 97 down), the same countries are covered.

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Export Concentration Index · Data for 1997

HighestIraq

0.95171

LowestItaly

0.05414

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

204countries
3measures per country
1997the year it describes
204distinct values6 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0 IGOlicence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Export Concentration Index, 1997, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

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Showing 25 of 204 countries · select a heading to sort

Export Concentration Index, 1997: every country, as published by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.95171	0.734336	26	Estimated
Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	0.91249	0.843408	59	Estimated
Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.89737	0.886131	150	Estimated
Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.88354	0.829146	46	Estimated
Guam`GUM`Micronesia	0.88072	0.498863	9	Estimated
Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.85664	0.715097	20	Estimated
Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.84586	0.853251	102	Estimated
Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.83771	0.828317	75	Estimated
Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	0.81910	0.663510	12	—
Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.80738	0.717723	10	Estimated
Palau`PLW`Micronesia	0.78554	0.614321	9	Estimated
Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.77336	0.806006	66	Estimated
Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.76742	0.830197	16	Estimated
Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.76429	0.739394	172	Estimated
Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.73583	0.814605	57	—
Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.73015	0.844472	70	Estimated
French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	0.72906	0.758075	42	Estimated
Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	0.72155	0.544350	5	Estimated
Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.71541	0.674370	20	Estimated
Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.70963	0.877698	147	Estimated
Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.69185	0.807707	219	Estimated
Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.68668	0.851278	55	Estimated
Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.67943	0.816491	12	Estimated
Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	0.67277	0.800742	29	Estimated
Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.65364	0.785176	62	Estimated
Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.65128	0.792436	245	Estimated
Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.64914	0.850212	89	Estimated
Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.64853	0.677658	15	—
Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.64362	0.826362	118	Estimated
Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.64078	0.842694	184	Estimated
Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.63079	0.785154	71	—
Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.62008	0.813675	21	Estimated
Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.61417	0.811816	44	Estimated
New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	0.60985	0.866749	51	Estimated
Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	0.60855	0.614735	18	Estimated
Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.60622	0.804197	69	Estimated
Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	0.59830	0.816079	93	—
Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.59224	0.814682	46	Estimated
Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.58335	0.808475	28	Estimated
Tonga`TON`Polynesia	0.58051	0.599618	16	Estimated
Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.54330	0.825968	34	Estimated
Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.54316	0.873174	106	Estimated
Suriname`SUR`South America	0.54059	0.780522	57	Estimated
Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.53586	0.746103	14	Estimated
Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.53393	0.764690	225	Estimated
Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.53332	0.670764	13	Estimated
Bermuda`BMU`Northern America	0.53095	0.726831	14	Estimated
Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.52478	0.795483	148	Estimated
Cayman Islands`CYM`Caribbean	0.51788	0.660173	20	Estimated
United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.51668	0.662883	252	Estimated
Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.51037	0.786582	24	Estimated
Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.51003	0.805064	81	—
Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.50569	0.784513	112	—
Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	0.50083	0.678049	36	Estimated
Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.49906	0.562115	15	Estimated
Greenland`GRL`Northern America	0.49532	0.742653	18	—
DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.49282	0.804006	72	Estimated
Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	0.48980	0.638530	41	Estimated
Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.47716	0.761018	170	Estimated
São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.47468	0.636269	26	Estimated
Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	0.47242	0.523377	21	Estimated
Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.46751	0.746543	22	Estimated
Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.46575	0.630722	14	Estimated
Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.45405	0.738827	149	Estimated
Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.45317	0.860870	119	Estimated
Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.44773	0.795994	97	Estimated
Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.44235	0.645431	171	—
Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	0.43901	0.644932	10	More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	0.43870	0.677986	22	Estimated
American Samoa`ASM`Polynesia	0.43491	0.532439	19	Estimated
Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.43174	0.771832	63	Estimated
Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	0.39988	0.567542	11	Estimated
Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.39697	0.811783	58	Estimated
Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.39603	0.812871	138	Estimated
Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.39529	0.638182	167	Estimated
Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.39103	0.751224	179	Estimated
Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.38345	0.738262	28	Estimated
Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.38186	0.649559	241	—
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	0.37632	0.729931	26	Estimated
Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.37609	0.693111	24	Estimated
Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.37155	0.729487	82	Estimated
Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	0.37124	0.786741	50	Estimated
Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.36970	0.765574	151	—
Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.36737	0.873167	32	Estimated
Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.36523	0.766071	101	Estimated
Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.36384	0.822779	89	—
Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.36115	0.786074	177	Estimated
Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.36098	0.810526	119	Estimated
Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.35812	0.765550	139	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Northern Mariana Islands`MNP`Micronesia	0.35668	0.560211	38	—
Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.35293	0.811414	138	Estimated
Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	0.35124	0.679786	50	Estimated
Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.35015	0.733640	31	—
Guyana`GUY`South America	0.34866	0.801414	66	Estimated
Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.34855	0.816125	130	Estimated
Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	0.34804	0.788600	139	Estimated
Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.33979	0.842442	123	Estimated
Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.33640	0.841030	75	Estimated
Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.33625	0.782717	183	Estimated
Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.33251	0.584705	223	—
Cook Islands`COK`Polynesia	0.33166	0.535209	34	Estimated
Belize`BLZ`Central America	0.32584	0.810700	40	Estimated
Gibraltar`GIB`Southern Europe	0.31127	0.649010	50	—
Chile`CHL`South America	0.30662	0.755825	221	—
Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.30273	0.586400	30	Estimated
British Virgin Islands`VGB`Caribbean	0.29932	0.691105	24	—
Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.29835	0.672137	217	Estimated
Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.29021	0.784529	78	Estimated
Panama`PAN`Central America	0.28860	0.647711	160	Estimated
Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.28634	0.764903	89	Estimated
Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.28361	0.748255	163	Estimated
Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.28153	0.755336	214	Estimated
Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.28083	0.553071	217	—
Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.27366	0.778400	79	Estimated
Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.27081	0.766879	203	—
El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.26951	0.678843	183	Estimated
Colombia`COL`South America	0.26727	0.629124	212	—
Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.26322	0.684418	48	Estimated
Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.26195	0.672979	247	—
Turks and Caicos Islands`TCA`Caribbean	0.26171	0.457460	4	Estimated. More than 30% of total trade under "931: Special transactions & commodities not classified"
Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	0.26125	0.664249	30	Estimated
Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.25966	0.790120	112	Estimated
Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.25454	0.790145	96	Estimated
Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.24808	0.736547	184	Estimated
Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.24630	0.509717	254	Estimated
Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.24337	0.711696	182	Estimated
Honduras`HND`Central America	0.24136	0.793874	174	Estimated
Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.24106	0.756282	70	Estimated
Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.24012	0.797042	133	Estimated
Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.23626	0.653385	204	Estimated
Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.23323	0.652243	111	Estimated
Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.23054	0.770900	152	—
Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.23049	0.791889	58	Estimated
Niue`NIU`Polynesia	0.23010	0.488195	20	—
Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.22978	0.721999	201	Estimated
Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.22253	0.738466	189	Estimated
Peru`PER`South America	0.22091	0.763254	199	Estimated
Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.21935	0.709567	81	Estimated
Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.21253	0.672503	186	—
Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.21140	0.616489	189	—
Anguilla`AIA`Caribbean	0.20653	0.503536	48	Estimated
Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.20358	0.762068	102	Estimated
Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.20143	0.691141	160	Estimated
Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.19998	0.666622	207	—
Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.19840	0.798302	106	Estimated
Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.19172	0.629500	160	Estimated
Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.19067	0.729129	84	Estimated
Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.18809	0.511002	245	—
Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.18375	0.501979	240	—
Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	0.18204	0.580472	57	Estimated
Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.18051	0.547318	241	—
Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.17916	0.617916	101	Estimated
Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.16985	0.710278	194	Estimated
Uruguay`URY`South America	0.16513	0.641673	174	—
Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.16464	0.583290	222	Estimated
Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.15346	0.638185	107	—
Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.14524	0.591091	54	Estimated
South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.14523	0.405865	240	—
Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.14449	0.601834	121	—
Argentina`ARG`South America	0.13878	0.557248	243	—
Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.13615	0.425415	250	—
Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.13165	0.449329	241	—
Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.13117	0.619090	179	Estimated
North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.12832	0.482877	184	—
Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.12740	0.393605	247	—
Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.12607	0.575882	229	—
Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.12597	0.541382	235	—
Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.12556	0.597597	233	—
New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.12493	0.653912	235	—
Montserrat`MSR`Caribbean	0.12439	0.406613	41	Estimated
Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.12402	0.553610	257	Estimated
Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.12299	0.483476	242	—
Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.12277	0.376735	249	—
Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.12267	0.381267	256	—
India`IND`Southern Asia	0.12261	0.596377	243	—
Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.12215	0.508232	232	—
North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.12107	0.666829	186	Estimated
Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.11897	0.349887	254	—
South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.11326	0.517099	255	Estimated
Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.10243	0.622719	243	—
Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.09936	0.347314	254	—
Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.09923	0.459710	234	Estimated
Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.09907	0.567974	235	—
Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.09657	0.440407	250	—
Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.09555	0.514757	242	—
Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.09538	0.534318	227	—
Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.09506	0.478282	228	Estimated
Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.09342	0.428602	239	—
Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.09327	0.496883	223	—
Brazil`BRA`South America	0.09187	0.516030	243	—
Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.09128	0.395943	247	Estimated
Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.08869	0.544586	239	Estimated
Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.08804	0.287902	256	—
Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.08614	0.440939	239	—
United States`USA`Northern America	0.08080	0.267771	258	—
United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.07494	0.235351	257	—
China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.07263	0.465948	254	—
Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.07094	0.453380	248	—
France`FRA`Western Europe	0.06618	0.256748	257	—
Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.06533	0.427846	249	Estimated
Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.06166	0.312620	259	Estimated
Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.06025	0.354039	250	—
Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.05776	0.373412	250	—
Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.05414	0.366466	257	—

02In 1997

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

Iraq0.95171
Aruba0.91249
Nigeria0.89737
Angola0.88354
Guam0.88072

Lowest

Italy0.05414
Czechia0.05776
Austria0.06025
Netherlands0.06166
Denmark0.06533

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.31855. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Export diversification index (0–1)
HighestNigeria0.886131
LowestUnited Kingdom0.235351
Middle country: 0.679315
Products exported (SITC 3-digit groups)
HighestNetherlands259
LowestTurks and Caicos Islands4
Middle country: 120

031996 → 1997

Since 1996

+0 / −0countries joined / left
202values changed, of 204 in both
105 · 97rose · fell
2unchanged

Rose most

Gambia0.34639 → 0.76742+0.42103
Sierra Leone0.28905 → 0.67943+0.39037
Central African Republic0.29323 → 0.58335+0.29012
DR Congo0.27371 → 0.49282+0.21910
Vanuatu0.28543 → 0.46575+0.18032

Fell most

Montserrat0.50714 → 0.12439−0.38275
Rwanda0.76097 → 0.46751−0.29346
Somalia0.62734 → 0.35015−0.27719
Marshall Islands0.69552 → 0.43901−0.25651
Turks and Caicos Islands0.49064 → 0.26171−0.22893

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from UNCTAD’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 1997.
68 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

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Cite this edition

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (1997). Export Concentration Index, 1997 [data set], describing 1997. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/export-concentration/1997

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