Photo: Bernard Gagnon derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 07 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Madagascar: Environment & Sustainability
How much pressure does a country put on the natural world?
Madagascar is placed 43rd of 186 countries on environment & sustainability in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: CO₂ Emissions per Capita 0.142 (2024); Water Stress 24.99 (2023).
Share
Environment & Sustainability
43rd
of 186 countries placed
Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics
- 0.142CO₂ Emissions per Capita, 2024Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)
- 24.99Water Stress, 2023Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)
- 0.42Organic Agricultural Area, 2024Organic share of agricultural land (%)
- 0.673Ecological Footprint, 2025Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Madagascar on environment & sustainability — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
0.142
Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)
Lower is better
Madagascar: 0.142. Across the 210 countries in this edition, values run from 0.054 (DR Congo) to 41.27 (Qatar); the world median is 3.21.
- World median
- 3.21
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 0.065 Burundi
Key 2 of 4
Water Stress
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 4.0
24.99
Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)
Lower is better
Madagascar: 24.99. Across the 177 countries in this edition, values run from 0.03 (Republic of the Congo) to 3,851 (Kuwait); the world median is 10.
- World median
- 10
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 0.83 Comoros
Key 3 of 4
Organic Agricultural Area
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
0.42
Organic share of agricultural land (%)
Higher is better
Madagascar: 0.42. Across the 156 countries in this edition, values run from 0 (Afghanistan) to 86.38 (Samoa); the world median is 0.725.
- World median
- 0.725
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 3.14 Uganda
0.673
Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)
Lower is better
Madagascar: 0.673. Across the 126 countries in this edition, values run from 0.514 (Yemen) to 11.73 (Qatar); the world median is 2.296.
- World median
- 2.296
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 0.588 Mozambique
02Over time
Which way Madagascar is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
CO₂ Emissions per Capita
Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person) · lower is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar rose from 0.118 in 2000 to 0.142 in 2024; the world median went from 2.662 to 3.21.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2024 0.1417 3.210 2023 0.1425 3.145 2022 0.1383 3.162 2021 0.1430 3.087 2020 0.1308 2.903 2019 0.1469 3.273 2018 0.1311 3.036 2017 0.1420 3.049 2016 0.1248 2.894 2015 0.1228 2.846 2014 0.1200 2.919 2013 0.1270 2.779 2012 0.1134 2.770 2011 0.1021 2.748 2010 0.0844 2.812 2009 0.0789 2.799 2008 0.0854 2.979 2007 0.0850 2.593 2006 0.0849 2.865 2005 0.0909 2.885 2004 0.0970 2.802 2003 0.0940 2.918 2002 0.0702 2.785 2001 0.1025 2.726 2000 0.1184 2.662 Water Stress
Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%) · lower is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar rose from 11.19 in 2000 to 24.99 in 2023; the world median went from 10.07 to 10.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2023 24.99 10.000 2022 32.05 10.190 2021 31.69 10.460 2020 30.42 10.460 2019 29.14 10.890 2018 27.86 10.460 2017 26.59 10.460 2016 25.31 10.460 2015 24.03 10.190 2014 22.75 10.460 2013 21.48 10.460 2012 20.20 10.460 2011 18.92 10.460 2010 17.65 10.710 2009 16.37 10.960 2008 15.09 10.815 2007 13.82 11.180 2006 12.54 10.430 2005 11.26 10.250 2004 11.25 10.715 2003 11.23 10.370 2002 11.22 10.180 2001 11.20 10.130 2000 11.19 10.070 Organic Agricultural Area
Organic share of agricultural land (%) · higher is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar rose from 0.01 in 2005 to 0.42 in 2024; the world median went from 0.345 to 0.725.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2024 0.42 0.725 2023 0.42 0.780 2022 0.28 0.740 2021 0.23 0.710 2020 0.25 0.665 2019 0.19 0.550 2018 0.12 0.490 2017 0.16 0.630 2016 0.15 0.545 2015 0.30 0.540 2014 0.07 0.470 2013 0.07 0.440 2012 0.07 0.480 2011 0.07 0.460 2010 0.05 0.330 2009 0.03 0.335 2008 0.05 0.290 2007 0.02 0.370 2006 0.02 0.305 2005 0.01 0.345 Ecological Footprint
Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person) · lower is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar fell from 1.073 in 2000 to 0.673 in 2025; the world median went from 1.95 to 2.296.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2025 0.6728 2.2963 2024 0.6884 2.3139 2023 0.7054 2.3174 2022 0.7244 2.2724 2021 0.7467 2.3370 2020 0.7530 2.3057 2019 0.8061 2.2578 2018 0.8194 2.2485 2017 0.8961 2.2209 2016 0.8757 2.2308 2015 0.8919 2.3000 2014 0.9133 2.3814 2013 0.9157 2.3363 2012 0.9084 2.4200 2011 0.9247 2.4794 2010 0.9428 2.3679 2009 0.9579 2.2224 2008 0.9806 2.1727 2007 0.9738 2.2036 2006 0.9894 2.1203 2005 0.9790 2.1512 2004 0.9109 2.1055 2003 0.9226 2.0449 2002 0.8818 2.1195 2001 0.9737 2.2004 2000 1.0726 1.9499
03In context
Madagascar beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 186 countries on environment & sustainability, never a place within the region.
Madagascar and Eastern Africa
Madagascar has no land border, so the table compares it with its sub-region. Standing among all 186; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | CO₂ Emissions per CapitaFossil CO₂ (tonnes per person) | Water StressFreshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%) | Organic Agricultural AreaOrganic share of agricultural land (%) | Ecological FootprintEcological Footprint (global hectares per person) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 South Sudan | 9th | 0.1420 | 4.23 | — | — |
 Eritrea | =15th | 0.2100 | 11.18 | — | 0.714 |
 Uganda | =18th | 0.1266 | 5.83 | 3.14 | 1.064 |
 Malawi | =22nd | 0.0869 | 4.11 | 0.4 | 0.782 |
 Somalia | 26th | 0.0694 | 24.53 | — | 0.803 |
 Mozambique | 29th | 0.2487 | 1.75 | 0.04 | 0.588 |
 Djibouti | 30th | 0.4827 | 6.33 | — | — |
 Rwanda | 35th | 0.1426 | 6.55 | 0.28 | 0.814 |
 Burundi | 38th | 0.0653 | 10.19 | 0.08 | 0.618 |
 Comoros | 41st | 0.6365 | 0.83 | 0.18 | — |
| Madagascar | 43rd | 0.1417 | 24.99 | 0.42 | 0.673 |
 Kenya | 47th | 0.3761 | 11.2 | 0.61 | 0.993 |
 Tanzania | =50th | 0.2920 | 12.96 | 0.47 | 0.967 |
 Ethiopia | 52nd | 0.1351 | 32.26 | 0.59 | 0.877 |
 Zambia | =61st | 0.5650 | 8.62 | 0.14 | 1.109 |
 Zimbabwe | 130th | 0.8237 | 46.09 | 0.01 | 1.242 |
 Mauritius | =158th | 3.6766 | 22.46 | 0.02 | 3.958 |
 Seychelles | not placed | 5.0037 | — | — | — |
| Somaliland | not placed | — | — | — | — |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Eastern Africa
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 186.
Placed either side on environment & sustainability
The countries immediately above and below Madagascar in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Madagascar is ahead of the world, and behind
48 more statistics filed under environment & sustainability, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median8
Statistics on which Madagascar does better than the middle country measured.
Energy Intensity of GDP (PPP)EIA · 2024 · world median 2.7381.1732.738No real change since 2014
Madagascar: 1.173 · world median 2.738 · Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.666 to 17.45; lower is better.
Municipal Solid Waste GenerationWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 0.9660.350.966No earlier reading
Madagascar: 0.35 · world median 0.966 · Municipal solid waste generated (kg per person per day). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0.058 to 4.176; lower is better.
Position 181st of 201 · derived, 1st = worst.
PM2.5 Air Pollution ExposureAtmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis · 2023 · world median 14.457.914.45No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 7.9 · world median 14.45 · Population-weighted PM2.5 concentration (µg/m³). Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 2.5 to 68.2; lower is better.
Position 176th of 220 · derived, 1st = worst.
Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per CapitaFAO · 2022 · world median 2,52811,0722,528No real change since 2012
Madagascar: 11,072 · world median 2,528 · Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 445,023; higher is better.
Position 42nd of 181 · derived.
Forest Area within Legally Established Protected AreasFAO · 2025 · world median 18.1834.3518.18▼ Worsened since 2015
Madagascar: 34.35 · world median 18.18 · Forest within legally established protected areas, as a share of the country's 2015 forest area (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Baseline Water Stress (Aqueduct)WRI · 2019 · world median 1.6630.8991.663No earlier reading
Madagascar: 0.899 · world median 1.663 · Baseline water stress score (0–5). World Resources Institute (WRI), 2023 edition, data for 2019.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 5; lower is better.
Renewable Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 32.0642.3932.06▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 42.39 · world median 32.06 · Renewables (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Position 69th of 162 · derived.
Low-Carbon Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 37.3242.3937.32▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 42.39 · world median 37.32 · Low-carbon sources (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Position 78th of 162 · derived.
Behind the world median13
Statistics on which Madagascar does worse than the middle country measured.
Wind and Solar Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 5.2794.1155.279▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 4.115 · world median 5.279 · Wind and solar (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 69.12; higher is better.
Climate Vulnerability (ND-GAIN)Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · world median 0.450.550.45▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 0.55 · world median 0.45 · ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable). Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.263 to 0.655; lower is better.
Ranked 166th of 190 by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.
Coal Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 020.580▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 20.58 · world median 0 · Coal (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 98.25; lower is better.
Adjusted Net SavingsWorld Bank Group · 2021 · world median 8.389-3.268.389▼ Worsened since 2011
Madagascar: -3.26 · world median 8.389 · Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from -81.62 to 32.18; higher is better.
Position 106th of 118 · derived.
Agricultural Emissions IntensityFAO · 2023 · world median 1.5655.11.565No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 5.1 · world median 1.565 · Greenhouse gases from farming per value of agricultural output (kg CO₂eq per international dollar). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 28.2; lower is better.
Position 19th of 190 · derived, 1st = worst.
World Risk IndexInstitute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum · 2025 · world median 4.1723.684.17No real change since 2015
Madagascar: 23.68 · world median 4.17 · WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk). Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.18 to 46.56; lower is better.
Position 19th of 193 · derived, 1st = worst.
ND-GAIN Country IndexNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · world median 47.4434.9947.44▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 34.99 · world median 47.44 · ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt). Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 26.42 to 71.85; higher is better.
Ranked 174th of 190 by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.
Planetary pressures-adjusted HDIUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6780.4810.678▼ Worsened since 2013
Madagascar: 0.481 · world median 0.678 · PHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.276 to 0.827; higher is better.
Position 143rd of 156 · derived.
Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)FAO · 2024 · world median 3.142.143.14No real change since 2015
Madagascar: 2.14 · world median 3.14 · Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.67 to 4.57; higher is better.
Position 171st of 186 · derived.
Children's Climate Risk IndexUNICEF · 2020 · world median 57.95No earlier reading
Madagascar: 7.9 · world median 5 · Children's Climate Risk Index (0–10, higher is more risk). UNICEF, 2021 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 8.7; lower is better.
Ranked 10th of 163 by UNICEF (1st = worst).
World Energy Trilemma IndexWorld Energy Council · 2023 · world median 63.840.363.8No earlier reading
Madagascar: 40.3 · world median 63.8 · Trilemma score (0–100). World Energy Council, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 27.7 to 83.2; higher is better.
Ranked 92nd of 99 by World Energy Council.
Annual Forest Area Change RateFAO · 2025 · world median 0-1.160▼ Worsened since 2015
Madagascar: -1.16 · world median 0 · Compound annual change in forest area over the interval ending that year (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.29 to 12.3; higher is better.
Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.10.3816.1No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 0.38 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.
Level with the median, or no median to compare1
Carbon Intensity of ElectricityEmber · 2024 · world median 433.75433.75433.75▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 433.75 · world median 433.75 · Carbon intensity (gCO₂e per kWh generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 23.73 to 1,306; lower is better.
Position 83rd of 165 · derived, 1st = worst.
No better end26
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Water Withdrawal by SectorFAO · 2022 · world median 62.1495.8962.14No real change since 2012
Madagascar: 95.89 · world median 62.14 · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 99.48.
Position 7th of 171 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Tree Cover LossWorld Resources Institute — Global Forest Watch (data: University of Maryland) · 2025 · world median 3,775262,8643,775Moved since 2015
Madagascar: 262,864 · world median 3,775 · Tree cover loss (hectares, where canopy cover exceeded 30% in 2000). World Resources Institute — Global Forest Watch (data: University of Maryland), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 6,225,187.
Tropical Moist Forest DeforestationJRC · 2025 · world median 0.0010.0540.001Moved since 2015
Madagascar: 0.054 · world median 0.001 · Tropical moist forest deforested in the year (million hectares). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 0.708.
Agricultural LandFAO · 2023 · world median 37.9670.2937.96No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 70.29 · world median 37.96 · Agricultural land (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.445 to 86.48.
Position 21st of 209 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Burned AreaGWIS · 2025 · world median 13,8243,170,29413,824No real change since 2015
Madagascar: 3,170,294 · world median 13,824 · Burned area (hectares). European Commission Joint Research Centre — Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 50,562,035.
Mangrove AreaGlobal Mangrove Watch (Aberystwyth University, JAXA, soloEO, Wetlands International, The Nature Conservancy) · 2025 · world median 8,927261,4808,927No real change since 2015
Madagascar: 261,480 · world median 8,927 · Mangrove forest area (hectares). Global Mangrove Watch (Aberystwyth University, JAXA, soloEO, Wetlands International, The Nature Conservancy), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.524 to 3,146,544.
Agricultural EmissionsFAO · 2023 · world median 8,63529,1868,635No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 29,186 · world median 8,635 · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,044,508.
Position 53rd of 193 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Land Under Cereal ProductionFAO · 2023 · world median 689,2782,222,098689,278Moved since 2013
Madagascar: 2,222,098 · world median 689,278 · Land under cereal production (hectares). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 103,715,108.
Position 52nd of 179 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Methane EmissionsEDGAR · 2025 · world median 325.69831.31325.69No real change since 2015
Madagascar: 831.31 · world median 325.69 · Methane emissions (gigagrams of CH₄). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EDGAR), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.048 to 51,093.
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 1.7085.5311.708Moved since 2011
Madagascar: 5.531 · world median 1.708 · Natural resources rents (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.03.
Position 64th of 180 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Fisheries and Aquaculture ProductionFAO · 2024 · world median 52,375165,46252,375No real change since 2014
Madagascar: 165,462 · world median 52,375 · Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals caught or farmed, tonnes (live weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 70,500,841.
Population Living Below 5 m ElevationCenter for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University · 2015 · world median 2.9544.2952.954Moved since 1990
Madagascar: 4.295 · world median 2.954 · Population living below 5 m elevation (% of total population). Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2015 edition, data for 2015.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 78.48.
Solar Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 3.0494.1153.049Moved since 2014
Madagascar: 4.115 · world median 3.049 · Solar (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 50.
Arable Land per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 0.1090.0960.109Moved since 2013
Madagascar: 0.096 · world median 0.109 · Arable land (hectares per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1.459.
Position 110th of 206 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Agricultural Irrigated LandFAO · 2023 · world median 3.662.1763.66No earlier reading
Madagascar: 2.176 · world median 3.66 · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 89.04.
Position 71st of 121 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Solar Electricity Installed CapacityEIA · 2024 · world median 0.1440.0580.144Moved since 2014
Madagascar: 0.058 · world median 0.144 · Solar generating capacity installed (gigawatts). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 886.66.
Forest AreaFAO · 2023 · world median 31.0821.331.08No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 21.3 · world median 31.08 · Forest area (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 94.45.
Position 131st of 210 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Operating Wind Power CapacityGlobal Energy Monitor · 2026 · world median 10016100No earlier reading
Madagascar: 16 · world median 100 · Wind farm capacity in operation (megawatts). Global Energy Monitor, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 542,758.
Operating Coal Power CapacityGlobal Energy Monitor · 2026 · world median 525120525No earlier reading
Madagascar: 120 · world median 525 · Coal-fired capacity in operation (megawatts). Global Energy Monitor, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,263,101.
Temperature Change on LandFAO · 2025 · world median 1.4741.1691.474Moved since 2015
Madagascar: 1.169 · world median 1.474 · Change in mean land-surface temperature against the country's own 1951–1980 average, °C. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.34 to 3.294.
Cropland Nitrogen BalanceFAO · 2023 · world median 37.6310.3237.63Moved since 2013
Madagascar: 10.32 · world median 37.63 · Nitrogen surplus (+) or deficit (−) on cropland, kg per hectare. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from -555.52 to 1,199.
Fertilizer Consumption per HectareFAO · 2023 · world median 87.367.28387.36Moved since 2013
Madagascar: 7.283 · world median 87.36 · Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 2,926.
Position 166th of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Pesticide Use per HectareFAO · 2024 · world median 1.730.191.73No real change since 2014
Madagascar: 0.19 · world median 1.73 · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.72.
Position 160th of 178 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Livestock DensityFAO · 2023 · world median 0.5350.120.535No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 0.12 · world median 0.535 · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 43.97.
Position 169th of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Consumption-Based CO₂ EmissionsGlobal Carbon Project · 2023 · world median 12.791.75212.79No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 1.752 · world median 12.79 · Consumption-based fossil CO₂ (million tonnes of carbon). Global Carbon Project, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.882 to 2,963.
Meat Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 57.835.3457.83No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 5.34 · world median 57.83 · Meat available as food (kg per person per year, carcass weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.49 to 156.95.
No current reading for Madagascar
Environmentally Related Tax Revenue (last 2023). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Environment & Sustainability among Madagascar’s 16 topics
Environment & Sustainability is Madagascar’s best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Environment & Sustainability43rd of 1864/4 keys
- Work & Labourjoint 99th of 1824/4 keys
- Gender & Equality100th of 1834/4 keys
- Peace & Securityjoint 100th of 1774/4 keys
- Energyjoint 98th of 1653/3 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties144th of 1984/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge158th of 1984/4 keys
- Digital & Technology164th of 1983/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade149th of 1773/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions169th of 1944/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality142nd of 1593/3 keys
- Food & Agriculture168th of 1844/4 keys
- Development & Human Capitaljoint 182nd of 1963/3 keys
- Health & Wellbeingjoint 186th of 2004/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation171st of 1764/4 keys
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 190th of 1934/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on environment & sustainability
The three countries placed highest of 186, and the leaders Madagascar can most readily be measured against.
1
AngolaMiddle Africa
1st of 186 · 3 of 4 keys
Photo: Paulo César Santos derivative work: Jjtkk · CC0, greyscale
- 2
São Tomé and PríncipeMiddle Africa
2nd of 186 · 3 of 4 keys
3
Sierra LeoneWestern Africa
3rd of 186 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Annabel Symington derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 2.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Africa
Angola1st3/4 keysHighest in Eastern Africa
South Sudan9th2/4 keysThis page
Madagascar43rd4/4 keys
Positions out of 186 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Questions
Madagascar on environment & sustainability: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Madagascar rank on environment & sustainability?
Madagascar is placed 43rd of 186 countries on Environment & Sustainability in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (CO₂ Emissions per Capita, Water Stress, Organic Agricultural Area and Ecological Footprint). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest CO₂ Emissions per Capita figure for Madagascar?
0.142 in 2024 (fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)), according to Global Carbon Project. The world median in the same edition was 3.21.
What is the latest Water Stress figure for Madagascar?
24.99 in 2023 (freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 10.
How have Madagascar’s environment & sustainability figures changed?
CO₂ Emissions per Capita rose from 0.118 in 2000 to 0.142 in 2024; Water Stress rose from 11.19 in 2000 to 24.99 in 2023; Organic Agricultural Area rose from 0.01 in 2005 to 0.42 in 2024; Ecological Footprint fell from 1.073 in 2000 to 0.673 in 2025.
Which environment & sustainability statistics are missing for Madagascar?
No current reading is published for Madagascar on Environmentally Related Tax Revenue. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
08Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
Air quality and biodiversity are not keys, because the site does not yet hold data for them that passes every test. Forest cover, farmland, farm emissions and the renewable share of electricity are published here as context. Exposure to natural hazards belongs to Risk & Resilience.
How the Environment & Sustainability standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The environment & sustainability method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- CO₂ Emissions per Capita — Global Carbon Project, CC BY 4.0
- Water Stress — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
- Organic Agricultural Area — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
- Ecological Footprint — Global Footprint Network, CC BY-SA 4.0
The other 48 statistics on this page come from 19 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Madagascar’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Madagascar (banner) — Bernard Gagnon derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Angola — Paulo César Santos derivative work: Jjtkk, CC0
- Sierra Leone — Annabel Symington derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Madagascar: Environment & Sustainability — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/madagascar/environment