Data for 2023

Water-Use Efficiency, 2023

2023, as FAO’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Water-Use Efficiency, 2023 covers 168 countries on 4 measures. Luxembourg is highest, at 1,378.18; Madagascar is lowest, at 0.38. The middle country reads 16.10. Against 2022, 168 values changed (128 up, 40 down), the same countries are covered.

Download CSV Cite this year

Share this page

Water-Use Efficiency · Data for 2023

HighestLuxembourg

1,378.18

LowestMadagascar

0.38

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end. A higher value is the better result.

168countries
4measures per country
2023the year it describes
163distinct values2 decimals, as published
Oct 3, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 4.0licence

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Water-Use Efficiency, 2023, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 168 countries · select a heading to sort

Water-Use Efficiency, 2023: every country, as published by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

LuxembourgLUXWestern Europe	1,378.18	—	3,427.00	1,307.56
SingaporeSGPSouth-eastern Asia	1,013.46	—	499.26	1,442.99
SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe	448.02	6.22	283.89	637.50
United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe	337.07	0.78	483.47	377.22
DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe	325.78	0.63	1,883.47	618.26
MaltaMLTSouthern Europe	264.70	3.42	1,849.34	361.65
SwedenSWENorthern Europe	245.58	2.81	93.91	555.92
IrelandIRLNorthern Europe	233.71	—	238.29	240.78
QatarQATWestern Asia	196.12	1.63	2,557.53	137.16
SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe	165.40	1.69	132.82	206.86
LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe	165.30	0.04	130.59	258.59
CzechiaCZEEastern Europe	149.71	1.41	81.91	238.21
LatviaLVANorthern Europe	148.45	0.03	160.66	236.68
IsraelISRWestern Asia	147.84	2.28	636.78	309.87
GermanyDEUWestern Europe	145.76	2.35	70.50	259.01
NorwayNORNorthern Europe	142.24	0.45	144.02	294.68
AngolaAGOMiddle Africa	132.91	0.54	204.28	140.18
Antigua and BarbudaATGCaribbean	128.50	2.32	115.88	164.44
AustriaAUTWestern Europe	119.36	2.09	42.26	348.81
SeychellesSYCEastern Africa	116.77	5.95	51.13	155.56
NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe	110.84	35.10	29.86	306.33
GabonGABMiddle Africa	106.04	0.33	584.63	76.67
KuwaitKWTWestern Asia	105.57	0.71	2,934.81	140.59
Republic of the CongoCOGMiddle Africa	105.21	0.30	207.98	73.07
FranceFRAWestern Europe	100.49	2.22	26.02	370.74
BelgiumBELWestern Europe	96.03	2.01	20.60	523.25
United Arab EmiratesAREWestern Asia	90.59	1.47	5,216.76	90.28
CyprusCYPWestern Asia	88.31	0.55	158.05	202.08
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVCTCaribbean	86.03	—	55,289.97	73.04
ComorosCOMEastern Africa	83.82	0.14	254.18	148.01
BahrainBHRWestern Asia	82.54	0.67	1,101.22	73.40
AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand	81.84	0.40	114.75	494.56
FinlandFINNorthern Europe	77.53	0.02	40.57	328.57
BotswanaBWASouthern Africa	76.49	0.09	193.32	85.28
IcelandISLNorthern Europe	71.58	0.87	19.61	200.47
MalaysiaMYSSouth-eastern Asia	67.22	1.34	86.04	167.18
DR CongoCODMiddle Africa	66.59	0.44	148.89	50.84
South KoreaKOREastern Asia	63.91	0.95	131.28	169.58
BarbadosBRBCaribbean	61.68	1.00	100.23	216.01
JapanJPNEastern Asia	59.33	0.68	120.44	232.81
PanamaPANCentral America	59.33	0.41	3,027.70	69.72
PolandPOLEastern Europe	56.84	0.15	24.50	189.75
Trinidad and TobagoTTOCaribbean	54.03	1.88	54.64	57.37
ItalyITASouthern Europe	52.61	0.77	54.05	147.73
CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe	50.95	1.33	24.41	86.28
SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe	50.31	4.66	18.65	183.07
OmanOMNWestern Asia	49.75	1.38	201.95	346.68
BeninBENWestern Africa	49.74	0.77	97.68	59.75
United StatesUSANorthern America	49.26	0.24	16.98	313.15
Côte d’IvoireCIVWestern Africa	48.88	0.22	68.26	125.45
UgandaUGAEastern Africa	46.39	0.05	196.47	60.10
CanadaCANNorthern America	45.43	0.33	13.45	260.87
FijiFJIMelanesia	43.57	0.48	69.86	118.74
SpainESPSouthern Europe	42.60	0.53	41.77	218.54
New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand	41.74	4.37	31.90	269.99
LesothoLSOSouthern Africa	40.78	0.02	27.43	61.88
JordanJORWestern Asia	35.33	1.51	275.88	56.29
NamibiaNAMSouthern Africa	34.91	0.07	170.64	107.63
GhanaGHAWestern Africa	34.66	0.06	209.32	102.88
NigeriaNGAWestern Africa	33.84	0.26	88.52	49.36
BelarusBLREastern Europe	33.38	0.07	38.25	48.87
PortugalPRTSouthern Europe	32.78	0.58	20.98	175.90
Sierra LeoneSLEWestern Africa	30.70	3.44	42.72	35.91
EstoniaESTNorthern Europe	30.00	0.51	6.84	292.65
CameroonCMRMiddle Africa	29.00	0.07	96.31	86.86
HungaryHUNEastern Europe	28.53	0.39	10.63	134.01
Saudi ArabiaSAUWestern Asia	28.24	0.99	253.95	105.34
ChinaCHNEastern Asia	27.60	2.23	60.13	77.64
TogoTGOWestern Africa	27.36	0.02	227.73	33.16
MongoliaMNGEastern Asia	27.01	0.46	35.50	142.95
JamaicaJAMCaribbean	26.42	3.87	54.46	28.03
RomaniaROUEastern Europe	25.93	0.33	12.89	120.53
BrazilBRASouth America	25.03	0.72	34.58	77.03
GreeceGRCSouthern Europe	21.51	0.57	84.43	119.47
GuatemalaGTMCentral America	20.96	1.04	26.90	61.67
BelizeBLZCentral America	20.67	0.22	13.76	156.24
RussiaRUSEastern Europe	20.48	0.06	15.17	51.65
LebanonLBNWestern Asia	19.42	2.33	4.67	124.58
MauritiusMUSEastern Africa	19.42	0.48	244.42	30.15
Costa RicaCRICentral America	19.02	0.43	53.45	46.50
LiberiaLBRWestern Africa	18.12	0.02	15.24	22.81
Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa	17.33	0.12	34.25	14.07
AlgeriaDZANorthern Africa	17.07	1.21	430.92	29.58
TürkiyeTURWestern Asia	16.19	0.17	252.29	99.20
South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa	16.01	0.14	16.87	68.94
RwandaRWAEastern Africa	15.72	0.61	290.90	27.48
Burkina FasoBFAWestern Africa	15.29	0.05	226.09	20.19
ParaguayPRYSouth America	15.03	0.22	75.34	66.93
GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia	14.54	0.78	10.36	29.30
KenyaKENEastern Africa	14.47	0.16	129.55	91.60
AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe	14.19	1.96	239.85	33.65
HondurasHNDCentral America	14.16	0.27	53.59	51.84
BoliviaBOLSouth America	13.90	0.48	268.91	83.56
GambiaGMBWestern Africa	13.65	0.17	13.09	26.77
MexicoMEXCentral America	13.57	0.28	50.73	59.70
ArgentinaARGSouth America	13.27	0.07	38.59	58.99
CambodiaKHMSouth-eastern Asia	13.14	0.45	416.80	142.96
ChadTCDMiddle Africa	12.28	0.08	64.07	39.54
CubaCUBCaribbean	11.91	0.15	24.75	37.57
ColombiaCOLSouth America	11.83	0.14	185.44	61.26
UruguayURYSouth America	11.79	0.24	18.06	98.10
El SalvadorSLVCentral America	11.78	0.05	60.62	33.99
GuyanaGUYSouth America	11.63	0.06	638.31	60.25
TunisiaTUNNorthern Africa	11.46	0.21	139.11	36.62
UkraineUKREastern Europe	10.78	0.02	4.80	27.12
GuineaGINWestern Africa	10.69	0.04	69.29	23.17
BulgariaBGREastern Europe	10.27	0.09	3.21	50.59
EcuadorECUSouth America	10.27	0.59	51.02	53.44
MoroccoMARNorthern Africa	10.26	0.46	135.92	69.54
BangladeshBGDSouthern Asia	10.14	1.05	166.72	56.22
PeruPERSouth America	10.02	0.55	210.82	54.79
Dominican RepublicDOMCaribbean	9.84	0.25	45.16	67.43
South SudanSSDEastern Africa	9.84	0.01	16.01	14.88
MoldovaMDAEastern Europe	9.06	2.69	2.93	33.60
NicaraguaNICCentral America	9.04	0.17	6,088.23	39.80
TanzaniaTZAEastern Africa	8.93	0.23	779.87	48.83
MozambiqueMOZEastern Africa	8.71	0.07	154.47	23.89
KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia	8.63	0.05	11.84	32.43
São Tomé and PríncipeSTPMiddle Africa	8.21	0.41	72.76	19.16
SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe	7.73	0.23	2.81	41.40
ChileCHLSouth America	7.67	0.21	45.26	129.50
ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia	7.67	0.40	48.34	104.02
HaitiHTICaribbean	7.55	0.21	80.94	34.58
BurundiBDIEastern Africa	7.51	0.06	35.22	36.27
SurinameSURSouth America	7.12	0.87	12.68	46.47
BhutanBTNSouthern Asia	7.05	0.39	163.88	103.79
Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa	6.84	0.09	35.18	10.28
LibyaLBYNorthern Africa	6.83	0.12	60.40	31.89
SenegalSENWestern Africa	6.54	0.10	3,941.08	53.21
EthiopiaETHEastern Africa	6.50	0.21	505.54	50.23
Sri LankaLKASouthern Asia	6.05	0.32	25.80	66.28
MalawiMWIEastern Africa	5.93	0.10	37.50	42.93
EgyptEGYNorthern Africa	5.57	0.79	25.68	22.77
ZambiaZMBEastern Africa	5.30	0.04	33.65	20.72
IranIRNSouthern Asia	5.19	0.39	192.11	38.58
MauritaniaMRTWestern Africa	4.80	0.32	73.79	39.28
YemenYEMWestern Asia	4.76	0.61	57.07	42.58
IndonesiaIDNSouth-eastern Asia	4.73	0.38	50.47	21.79
VenezuelaVENSouth America	4.56	0.10	69.83	9.01
PhilippinesPHLSouth-eastern Asia	4.43	0.21	7.80	29.51
ArmeniaARMWestern Asia	4.29	0.15	21.52	17.71
ZimbabweZWEEastern Africa	4.20	0.02	66.98	27.57
IraqIRQWestern Asia	4.17	0.04	30.43	11.89
VietnamVNMSouth-eastern Asia	4.05	0.32	40.97	150.52
Guinea-BissauGNBWestern Africa	4.04	0.17	20.27	14.69
AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia	3.93	0.18	43.46	56.18
EswatiniSWZSouthern Africa	3.89	0.12	68.62	63.41
IndiaINDSouthern Asia	3.80	0.65	43.43	30.54
EritreaERIEastern Africa	3.60	0.02	743.15	43.15
North MacedoniaMKDSouthern Europe	3.28	1.47	58.79	21.78
TurkmenistanTKMCentral Asia	3.07	0.39	24.67	59.97
NepalNPLSouthern Asia	2.99	0.68	113.40	127.03
UzbekistanUZBCentral Asia	2.77	0.72	31.31	24.49
NigerNERWestern Africa	2.69	0.00	70.44	21.77
MaliMLIWestern Africa	2.43	0.06	1,041.06	76.03
SudanSDNNorthern Africa	2.35	0.04	221.56	48.13
LaosLAOSouth-eastern Asia	2.20	0.22	28.05	75.52
MyanmarMMRSouth-eastern Asia	2.01	0.14	57.92	10.22
PakistanPAKSouthern Asia	1.94	0.43	51.66	21.73
MontenegroMNESouthern Europe	1.76	0.95	0.19	28.71
North KoreaPRKEastern Asia	1.65	0.34	5.61	6.20
Timor-LesteTLSSouth-eastern Asia	1.35	0.08	211.02	10.91
TajikistanTJKCentral Asia	1.26	0.39	1.85	7.26
SomaliaSOMEastern Africa	1.23	0.20	305.57	184.54
KyrgyzstanKGZCentral Asia	1.01	0.11	5.94	22.17
SyriaSYRWestern Asia	0.94	0.22	5.59	6.12
AfghanistanAFGSouthern Asia	0.61	0.13	10.50	39.93
MadagascarMDGEastern Africa	0.38	0.04	15.73	56.53

02In 2023

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

Luxembourg1,378.18
Singapore1,013.46
Switzerland448.02
United Kingdom337.07
Denmark325.78

Lowest

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 16.10. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Agriculture (US$ per m³)
HighestNetherlands35.10
LowestNiger0.00
Middle country: 0.34
Industry (US$ per m³)
HighestSaint Vincent and the Grenadines55,289.97
LowestMontenegro0.19
Middle country: 65.53
Services (US$ per m³)
HighestSingapore1,442.99
LowestSyria6.12
Middle country: 62.64

032022 → 2023

Since 2022

What changed between 2022 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+0 / −0countries joined / left
168values changed, of 168 in both
128 · 40rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Luxembourg1,362.56 → 1,378.18+15.62
Czechia135.49 → 149.71+14.22
Malta252.13 → 264.70+12.57
Netherlands98.42 → 110.84+12.42
Lithuania154.31 → 165.30+10.99

Fell most

Ireland290.56 → 233.71−56.85
Slovenia55.61 → 50.31−5.30
Norway146.67 → 142.24−4.43
Republic of the Congo109.41 → 105.21−4.20
United Kingdom340.99 → 337.07−3.92

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from FAO’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 2023.
163 distinct values among 168
Values are stored exactly as published, to 2 decimals. 2 countries share 59.33. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
Which end is better
A higher value is the better result.
4 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
168 rows · 7.5 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download water-use-efficiency-2023-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
FAO’s own file, on its own site.
SDG_BulkDownloads_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially. Credit the publisher and say if you changed anything.

Cite this edition

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2023). Water-Use Efficiency, 2023 [data set], describing 2023. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/water-use-efficiency/2023

0624 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Water-Use Efficiency, 2022
168 countries
The year after ›
This is the newest year. A newer one will get its own page at its own address; this one is never rewritten.
All of them
Water-Use Efficiency: every year
24 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions