Photo: Bernard Gagnon derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 14 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Madagascar: Poverty & Inequality
How is a country’s income shared, and how many live below a line?
Madagascar is placed 142nd of 159 countries on poverty & inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics. Readings behind it: Gini Index 36.82 (2023); Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day 27.58 (2023).
Share
Poverty & Inequality
142nd
of 159 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 3 key statistics
01The evidence
The 3 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Madagascar on poverty & inequality — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 3
Gini Index
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Madagascar’s is from 2021 · CC BY 4.0
36.82
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)
Lower is better
Madagascar: 36.82. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 23 (India) to 59.07 (Namibia); the world median is 33.72.
- World median
- 33.72
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 31.14 Ethiopia
Key 2 of 3
Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Madagascar’s is from 2021 · CC BY 4.0
27.58
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)
Lower is better
Madagascar: 27.58. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0 (Czechia) to 48.69 (DR Congo); the world median is 0.345.
- World median
- 0.345
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 0.09 Mauritius
Key 3 of 3
Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
85.3
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%)
Lower is better
Madagascar: 85.3. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from 0.6 (Belarus) to 93.9 (South Sudan); the world median is 26.4.
- World median
- 26.4
- Best in Eastern Africa
- 17.8 Mauritius
02Over time
Which way Madagascar is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Gini Index
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) · lower is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar fell from 39.94 in 2005 to 36.82 in 2021; the world median went from 36.28 to 34.03.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2023 — 33.72 2022 — 33.91 2021 37 34.04 2020 — 34.18 2019 — 33.51 2018 — 35.25 2017 — 34.86 2016 — 34.47 2015 — 35.52 2014 — 34.79 2013 — 36.16 2012 43 35.40 2011 — 33.96 2010 42 33.71 2009 — 34.91 2008 — 34.60 2007 — 34.26 2006 — 35.63 2005 40 36.28 2004 — 34.29 2003 — 35.46 2002 — 37.14 Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) · lower is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar rose from 19.18 in 2005 to 27.58 in 2021; the world median went from 1.25 to 0.335.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2023 — 0.345 2022 — 0.420 2021 28 0.335 2020 — 0.280 2019 — 0.380 2018 — 0.460 2017 — 0.300 2016 — 0.440 2015 — 0.500 2014 — 0.635 2013 — 0.515 2012 29 0.640 2011 — 0.430 2010 26 0.530 2009 — 0.600 2008 — 0.350 2007 — 0.360 2006 — 0.465 2005 19 1.250 2004 — 0.790 2003 — 1.650 2002 — 3.010 Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) · lower is better
MadagascarWorld median
Madagascar rose from 82.5 in 2017 to 85.3 in 2025; the world median went from 32.4 to 26.4.
Every year’s figures
Year Madagascar World median 2025 85.3 26.40 2024 85.3 27.10 2023 85.9 27.15 2022 85.8 27.90 2021 85.6 29.65 2020 85.3 31.80 2019 83.0 29.05 2018 83.1 29.85 2017 82.5 32.40
03In context
Madagascar beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 159 countries on poverty & inequality, never a place within the region.
Madagascar and Eastern Africa
Madagascar has no land border, so the table compares it with its sub-region. Standing among all 159; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Gini IndexGini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) | Poverty Gap at $3.00 a DayPoverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) | Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy DietShare of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Mauritius | 61st | 36.76 | 0.09 | 17.8 |
 Seychelles | 64th | 32.13 | 0.23 | 43.3 |
 Comoros | 98th | 34.18 | 1.69 | 48.6 |
 Ethiopia | 107th | 31.14 | 10.75 | 67.9 |
 Djibouti | 135th | 41.59 | 9.08 | 49.8 |
 Rwanda | 140th | 39.36 | 10.2 | 69.7 |
 Kenya | 141st | 38.53 | 13.58 | 76.3 |
| Madagascar | 142nd | 36.82 | 27.58 | 85.3 |
 Uganda | 144th | 38.15 | 19.95 | 73.6 |
 Burundi | 146th | 37.46 | 32.44 | 90.9 |
 Tanzania | 148th | 40.49 | 16.74 | 73 |
 Malawi | 150th | 38.54 | 33.78 | 92.7 |
 Zimbabwe | 155th | 50.26 | 19.02 | — |
 South Sudan | 156th | 44.05 | 40.83 | 93.9 |
 Zambia | 158th | 51.48 | 39.76 | 86.2 |
 Mozambique | 159th | 49.56 | 44.72 | 91.3 |
 Eritrea | not placed | — | — | — |
 Somalia | not placed | — | — | — |
| Somaliland | not placed | — | — | — |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Eastern Africa
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 159.
Placed either side on poverty & inequality
The countries immediately above and below Madagascar in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Madagascar is ahead of the world, and behind
16 more statistics filed under poverty & inequality, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Behind the world median13
Statistics on which Madagascar does worse than the middle country measured.
Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 MonthsUNICEF · 2024 · world median 21.2623.721.26No earlier reading
Madagascar: 23.7 · world median 21.26 · Children aged 6-23 months fed from at most 2 of 8 food groups (%). UNICEF, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.169 to 63.08; lower is better.
Position 46th of 113 · derived, 1st = worst.
Coefficient of Variation of Habitual Caloric ConsumptionFAO · 2024 · world median 0.250.310.25▼ Worsened since 2014
Madagascar: 0.31 · world median 0.25 · Coefficient of variation of habitual calorie consumption across the population (standard deviation ÷ mean). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.17 to 0.4; lower is better.
Coefficient of Human InequalityUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 17.0533.9317.05▼ Worsened since 2013
Madagascar: 33.93 · world median 17.05 · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.865 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 28th of 169 · derived, 1st = worst.
Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food InsecurityFAO · 2024 · world median 20.961.120.9▲ Improved since 2018
Madagascar: 61.1 · world median 20.9 · Population in moderate or severe food insecurity (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 88.8; lower is better.
Position 19th of 135 · derived, 1st = worst.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6090.3190.609▼ Worsened since 2013
Madagascar: 0.319 · world median 0.609 · IHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.226 to 0.923; higher is better.
Position 157th of 169 · derived.
Intergenerational Persistence in EducationWorld Bank Group · 2017 · world median 0.4460.5960.446No earlier reading
Madagascar: 0.596 · world median 0.446 · Correlation between own and parents' years of schooling, born 1980–89 (0–1). World Bank Group, 2017 edition, data for 2017.
Published values in that edition run from 0.123 to 0.66; lower is better.
Position 10th of 153 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Headcount at $3.00 a Day, Line-up EstimatesWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.167.652.1No real change since 2014
Madagascar: 67.65 · world median 2.1 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP, World Bank line-up estimate (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 89.54; lower is better.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.8970.413No real change since 2013
Madagascar: 0.897 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 8th of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Global Multidimensional Poverty IndexOPHI · 2025 · world median 0.0390.3860.039▼ Worsened since 2018
Madagascar: 0.386 · world median 0.039 · MPI (0–1). Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 0.517; lower is better.
Position 5th of 109 · derived, 1st = worst.
Multidimensional Poverty MeasureWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 4.25279.134.252No earlier reading
Madagascar: 79.13 · world median 4.252 · Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.96; lower is better.
Position 6th of 157 · derived, 1st = worst.
Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 12,8001,50412,800No real change since 2017
Madagascar: 1,504 · world median 12,800 · Actual individual consumption per capita (PPP, current international $). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 688.7 to 52,654; higher is better.
Position 168th of 173 · derived.
Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary CompletionUIS · 2024 · world median 0.5290.0320.529No earlier reading
Madagascar: 0.032 · world median 0.529 · Adjusted wealth parity index, lower secondary completion (poorest vs richest fifth; 1 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.032 to 1.022; higher is better.
Working Poverty RateILO · 2025 · world median 4.88586.024.885No real change since 2015
Madagascar: 86.02 · world median 4.885 · Employed people living in extreme poverty (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.007 to 86.02; lower is better.
No better end3
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Poverty Headcount at National Poverty LinesWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 21.875.221.8No earlier reading
Madagascar: 75.2 · world median 21.8 · Population below the national poverty line (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 82.3.
Cost of a Healthy DietFAO · 2025 · world median 4.554.084.55Moved since 2017
Madagascar: 4.08 · world median 4.55 · Cost of the cheapest locally available healthy diet, PPP dollars per person per day. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.66 to 8.27.
Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health SpendingWorld Bank Group · 2019 · world median 6.882.876.88No earlier reading
Madagascar: 2.87 · world median 6.88 · Population in households spending more than 10% of their budget on health out of pocket (%). World Bank Group, 2019 edition, data for 2019.
Published values in that edition run from 0.133 to 31.21.
No current reading for Madagascar
Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits, Gini Index (last 2021), Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID) (last 2021), Gini Index of Monthly Earnings (last 2015), Income Growth of the Poorest 40% (last 2017), Income Share Held by Lowest 20% (last 2021), Income Share Held by Richest 10% (last 2021), Low Pay Rate (last 2015), Median Daily Income or Consumption per Person (last 2021), Palma Ratio (last 2021), Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day (last 2021), Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a Day (last 2021), Poverty Headcount Ratio at $4.20 a Day (last 2021), Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a Day (last 2021), Poverty Severity (Squared Poverty Gap) at $3.00 a Day (last 2021), Prosperity Gap (last 2021) and Societal Poverty Rate (last 2021). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Poverty & Inequality among Madagascar’s 16 topics
Poverty & Inequality is Madagascar’s 11th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Environment & Sustainability43rd of 1864/4 keys
- Work & Labourjoint 99th of 1824/4 keys
- Gender & Equality100th of 1834/4 keys
- Peace & Securityjoint 100th of 1774/4 keys
- Energyjoint 98th of 1653/3 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties144th of 1984/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge158th of 1984/4 keys
- Digital & Technology164th of 1983/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade149th of 1773/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions169th of 1944/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality142nd of 1593/3 keys
- Food & Agriculture168th of 1844/4 keys
- Development & Human Capitaljoint 182nd of 1963/3 keys
- Health & Wellbeingjoint 186th of 2004/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation171st of 1764/4 keys
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 190th of 1934/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on poverty & inequality
The three countries placed highest of 159, and the leaders Madagascar can most readily be measured against.
1
BelarusEastern Europe
1st of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
SloveniaSouthern Europe
2nd of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
=3
UkraineEastern Europe
Joint 3rd of 159 · 2 of 3 keys
Photo: uploaded by Chern038 · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Africa
Tunisia43rd3/3 keysHighest in Eastern Africa
Mauritius61st3/3 keysThis page
Madagascar142nd3/3 keys
Positions out of 159 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Questions
Madagascar on poverty & inequality: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Madagascar rank on poverty & inequality?
Madagascar is placed 142nd of 159 countries on Poverty & Inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics (Gini Index, Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day and Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Gini Index figure for Madagascar?
36.82 in 2023 (gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 33.72.
What is the latest Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day figure for Madagascar?
27.58 in 2023 (poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 0.345.
How have Madagascar’s poverty & inequality figures changed?
Gini Index fell from 39.94 in 2005 to 36.82 in 2021; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day rose from 19.18 in 2005 to 27.58 in 2021; Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet rose from 82.5 in 2017 to 85.3 in 2025.
Which poverty & inequality statistics are missing for Madagascar?
No current reading is published for Madagascar on Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits, Gini Index, Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID), Gini Index of Monthly Earnings, Income Growth of the Poorest 40%, Income Share Held by Lowest 20%, Income Share Held by Richest 10%, Low Pay Rate, Median Daily Income or Consumption per Person, Palma Ratio, Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day, Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a Day, Poverty Headcount Ratio at $4.20 a Day, Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a Day, Poverty Severity (Squared Poverty Gap) at $3.00 a Day, Prosperity Gap and Societal Poverty Rate. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
08Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
These figures come from household surveys, which most countries run every few years rather than every year. So the subject's standing is read from each country's most recent survey of the last decade, with the year of every reading shown, rather than from one year in which only a minority of countries were surveyed. Two readings decide it — how unequally income is shared and how deep extreme poverty runs — because the other poverty and inequality measures here largely repeat one of those two or repeat average income, which already counts under Economy and Development. Countries with no survey in the last decade have no standing here. What work pays is under Work & Labour; wealth, as opposed to income, has no global source this site is permitted to republish.
How the Poverty & Inequality standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 3 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 3 keys to be placed.
The poverty & inequality method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Gini Index — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
The other 16 statistics on this page come from 8 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Madagascar’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Madagascar (banner) — Bernard Gagnon derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Belarus — zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Slovenia — Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY 3.0
- Ukraine — uploaded by Chern038, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Madagascar: Poverty & Inequality — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/madagascar/poverty