Latest available · compiled 2017

Intergenerational Persistence in Education, 2017 compilation

Each country’s newest reading as of 2017; every row carries its own year · stored as published, never rewritten

Intergenerational Persistence in Education, 2017 compilation covers 153 countries on 3 measures. Bulgaria is highest, at 0.66012; Maldives is lowest, at 0.12345. The middle country reads 0.44656. 4 readings are more than ten years older than the file and are listed but not compared.

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Intergenerational Persistence in Education · Latest available · compiled 2017

HighestBulgaria

0.66012

LowestMaldives

0.12345

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the lowest end. A higher value is the worse result.

153countries
3measures per country
2017compiled · readings from many years
153distinct values8 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Intergenerational Persistence in Education, 2017 compilation, as published. World Bank Group ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

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Showing 25 of 153 countries · select a heading to sort

Intergenerational Persistence in Education, 2017 compilation: every country, as published by World Bank Group.
derived
1	BulgariaBGREastern Europe · 2012 reading	0.66012	38.382	0.10768	Retrospective question	2012
2	RomaniaROUEastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.62295	35.304	0.11005	Retrospective question	2016
3	PanamaPANCentral America · 2008 reading	0.62146	32.234	0.10121	Retrospective question	2008
4	HungaryHUNEastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.61891	40.250	0.13644	Retrospective question	2016
5	CameroonCMRMiddle Africa · 2007 reading	0.60781	34.946	0.06979	Co-residents only	2007
6	MaliMLIWestern Africa · 2014 reading	0.60406	43.642	0.13251	Retrospective question	2014
7	GuatemalaGTMCentral America · 2014 reading	0.60350	36.728	0.09397	Retrospective question	2014
8	Burkina FasoBFAWestern Africa · 2009 reading	0.60130	43.819	0.15783	Co-residents only	2009
9	Republic of the CongoCOGMiddle Africa · 2011 reading	0.59681	28.847	0.12764	Co-residents only	2011
10	MadagascarMDGEastern Africa · 2012 reading	0.59585	39.751	0.10725	Retrospective question	2012
11	MyanmarMMRSouth-eastern Asia · 2015 reading	0.58597	37.695	0.10189	Co-residents only	2015
12	NamibiaNAMSouthern Africa · 2015 reading	0.58554	34.982	0.10170	Co-residents only	2015
13	BangladeshBGDSouthern Asia · 2010 reading	0.57649	35.759	0.08189	Co-residents only	2010
14	Guinea-BissauGNBWestern Africa · 2010 reading	0.57596	38.107	0.08684	Co-residents only	2010
15	BeninBENWestern Africa · 2011 reading	0.56771	41.031	0.14411	Retrospective question	2011
16	NigeriaNGAWestern Africa · 2012 reading	0.56576	34.352	0.11247	Retrospective question	2012
17	SenegalSENWestern Africa · 2011 reading	0.56321	38.621	0.13325	Co-residents only	2011
18	GhanaGHAWestern Africa · 2012 reading	0.56248	32.736	0.10726	Retrospective question	2012
19	PakistanPAKSouthern Asia · 2013 reading	0.55707	34.991	0.08807	Mix	2013
20	AngolaAGOMiddle Africa · 2008 reading	0.55669	31.910	0.13477	Co-residents only	2008
21	TogoTGOWestern Africa · 2015 reading	0.55552	41.999	0.10825	Retrospective question	2015
22	IndiaINDSouthern Asia · 2011 reading	0.55490	37.274	0.08879	Retrospective question	2011
23	BoliviaBOLSouth America · 2008 reading	0.55103	34.219	0.11231	Retrospective question	2008
24	ColombiaCOLSouth America · 2013 reading	0.54822	34.311	0.11187	Retrospective question	2013
25	North MacedoniaMKDSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.54439	35.886	0.12071	Retrospective question	2016
26	Sierra LeoneSLEWestern Africa · 2011 reading	0.54322	37.751	0.10223	Co-residents only	2011
27	GuineaGINWestern Africa · 2012 reading	0.53940	45.419	0.12820	Mix	2012
28	Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa · 2008 reading	0.53700	40.274	0.09167	Co-residents only	2008
29	EcuadorECUSouth America · 2013 reading	0.53538	34.943	0.10748	Retrospective question	2013
30	SudanSDNNorthern Africa · 2009 reading	0.53326	37.755	0.11683	Co-residents only	2009
31	MontenegroMNESouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.53070	38.685	0.13969	Retrospective question	2016
32	Côte d’IvoireCIVWestern Africa · 2008 reading	0.52938	38.397	0.11832	Co-residents only	2008
33	HaitiHTICaribbean · 2012 reading	0.52476	35.746	0.07600	Co-residents only	2012
34	BrazilBRASouth America · 2014 reading	0.52391	36.325	0.08540	Retrospective question	2014
35	ChileCHLSouth America · 2013 reading	0.52098	35.693	0.09851	Retrospective question	2013
36	UruguayURYSouth America · 2017 reading	0.51922	37.014	0.11483	Retrospective question	2017
37	BotswanaBWASouthern Africa · 2015 reading	0.51894	36.531	0.08263	Co-residents only	2015
38	CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.51760	38.191	0.14128	Retrospective question	2016
39	EswatiniSWZSouthern Africa · 2009 reading	0.51733	35.344	0.12124	Co-residents only	2009
40	VietnamVNMSouth-eastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.51494	38.426	0.09369	Retrospective question	2012
41	HondurasHNDCentral America · 2017 reading	0.50842	41.635	0.11292	Retrospective question	2017
42	AfghanistanAFGSouthern Asia · 2011 reading	0.50828	38.309	0.11745	Co-residents only	2011
43	TürkiyeTURWestern Asia · 2016 reading	0.50794	42.334	0.14985	Retrospective question	2016
44	PeruPERSouth America · 2014 reading	0.50758	35.565	0.11962	Retrospective question	2014
45	ArgentinaARGSouth America · 2017 reading	0.50657	37.991	0.12611	Retrospective question	2017
46	LesothoLSOSouthern Africa · 2017 reading	0.50312	36.636	0.09088	Co-residents only	2017
47	MexicoMEXCentral America · 2011 reading	0.50212	36.039	0.11223	Retrospective question	2011
48	UgandaUGAEastern Africa · 2014 reading	0.49969	39.768	0.10689	Retrospective question	2014
49	LebanonLBNWestern Asia · 2011 reading	0.49888	33.505	0.14447	Co-residents only	2011
50	IndonesiaIDNSouth-eastern Asia · 2014 reading	0.49834	40.992	0.12437	Retrospective question	2014
51	ChadTCDMiddle Africa · 2011 reading	0.49653	48.690	0.16121	Co-residents only	2011
52	GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia · 2016 reading	0.49077	37.520	0.11322	Retrospective question	2016
53	AustriaAUTWestern Europe · 2016 reading	0.48982	37.071	0.12619	Retrospective question	2016
54	Sri LankaLKASouthern Asia · 2012 reading	0.48911	43.018	0.14391	Retrospective question	2012
55	GreeceGRCSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.48857	36.926	0.11971	Retrospective question	2016
56	NepalNPLSouthern Asia · 2011 reading	0.48374	39.565	0.10857	Retrospective question	2011
57	El SalvadorSLVCentral America · 2017 reading	0.48208	36.567	0.09824	Retrospective question	2017
58	KenyaKENEastern Africa · 2013 reading	0.48082	36.562	0.10229	Retrospective question	2013
59	SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.47870	40.172	0.14059	Retrospective question	2016
60	SwedenSWENorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.47574	39.585	0.15102	Retrospective question	2016
61	IrelandIRLNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.47448	35.585	0.12387	Retrospective question	2016
62	EgyptEGYNorthern Africa · 2012 reading	0.47396	39.761	0.10565	Retrospective question	2012
63	RussiaRUSEastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.47376	45.544	0.14806	Retrospective question	2016
64	MozambiqueMOZEastern Africa · 2008 reading	0.47339	41.440	0.11997	Co-residents only	2008
65	IraqIRQWestern Asia · 2012 reading	0.47211	36.793	0.12406	Retrospective question	2012
66	EthiopiaETHEastern Africa · 2013 reading	0.47199	44.550	0.14709	Retrospective question	2013
67	ArmeniaARMWestern Asia · 2016 reading	0.47011	38.320	0.10245	Retrospective question	2016
68	MoldovaMDAEastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.46545	38.283	0.13660	Retrospective question	2016
69	BelgiumBELWestern Europe · 2016 reading	0.46333	42.766	0.15915	Retrospective question	2016
70	ChinaCHNEastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.46088	36.485	0.12475	Retrospective question	2012
71	Solomon IslandsSLBMelanesia · 2013 reading	0.45640	41.733	0.12813	Co-residents only	2013
72	PolandPOLEastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.45530	38.432	0.13606	Retrospective question	2016
73	TanzaniaTZAEastern Africa · 2012 reading	0.45166	42.229	0.11673	Retrospective question	2012
74	AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia · 2016 reading	0.45132	37.023	0.12009	Retrospective question	2016
75	Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIHSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.44656	39.401	0.16945	Retrospective question	2016
76	ItalyITASouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.44642	38.755	0.13924	Retrospective question	2016
77	TaiwanTWNEastern Asia · 2015 reading	0.44601	39.575	0.15927	Retrospective question	2015
78	DR CongoCODMiddle Africa · 2012 reading	0.44586	40.523	0.12961	Retrospective question	2012
79	ParaguayPRYSouth America · 2017 reading	0.44556	45.203	0.13948	Retrospective question	2017
80	ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.44312	38.971	0.15598	Co-residents only	2012
81	South SudanSSDEastern Africa · 2009 reading	0.43881	46.861	0.18692	Co-residents only	2009
82	MalawiMWIEastern Africa · 2013 reading	0.43852	45.743	0.13959	Retrospective question	2013
83	SpainESPSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.43763	37.832	0.14609	Retrospective question	2016
84	NicaraguaNICCentral America · 2017 reading	0.43723	39.548	0.13429	Retrospective question	2017
85	TuvaluTUVPolynesia · 2010 reading	0.43430	44.975	0.15049	Co-residents only	2010
86	VanuatuVUTMelanesia · 2010 reading	0.43391	39.371	0.13760	Co-residents only	2010
87	CambodiaKHMSouth-eastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.42903	40.196	0.11994	Co-residents only	2012
88	LaosLAOSouth-eastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.42706	41.133	0.15101	Retrospective question	2012
89	SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe · 2012 reading	0.42132	43.126	0.16230	Retrospective question	2012
90	GabonGABMiddle Africa · 2017 reading	0.42004	36.365	0.11685	Retrospective question	2017
91	PortugalPRTSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.41782	40.370	0.14658	Retrospective question	2016
92	IranIRNSouthern Asia · 2014 reading	0.41646	37.191	0.14591	Co-residents only	2014
93	NigerNERWestern Africa · 2014 reading	0.41496	48.093	0.21449	Retrospective question	2014
94	United StatesUSANorthern America · 2015 reading	0.41302	35.509	0.11929	Retrospective question	2015
95	TunisiaTUNNorthern Africa · 2014 reading	0.41052	37.297	0.15209	Retrospective question	2014
96	MalaysiaMYSSouth-eastern Asia · 2015 reading	0.41043	37.099	0.13476	Retrospective question	2015
97	KyrgyzstanKGZCentral Asia · 2016 reading	0.40945	39.762	0.14706	Retrospective question	2016
98	IsraelISRWestern Asia · 2016 reading	0.40272	45.646	0.15261	Retrospective question	2016
99	PalestinePSEWestern Asia · 2011 reading	0.40232	37.984	0.11149	Co-residents only	2011
100	LiberiaLBRWestern Africa · 2014 reading	0.40214	35.643	0.14313	Retrospective question	2014
101	UkraineUKREastern Europe · 2012 reading	0.40157	39.898	0.18021	Retrospective question	2012
102	BelarusBLREastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.39843	38.894	0.11637	Retrospective question	2016
103	Costa RicaCRICentral America · 2017 reading	0.39798	42.002	0.16987	Retrospective question	2017
104	BhutanBTNSouthern Asia · 2003 reading, too old to compare	0.39762	53.110	0.22141	Retrospective question	2003
105	VenezuelaVENSouth America · 2017 reading	0.39754	44.133	0.17360	Retrospective question	2017
106	RwandaRWAEastern Africa · 2013 reading	0.39747	40.555	0.13919	Mix	2013
107	BurundiBDIEastern Africa · 2013 reading	0.39712	48.443	0.18137	Retrospective question	2013
108	MoroccoMARNorthern Africa · 2006 reading, too old to compare	0.39315	41.933	0.16026	Retrospective question	2006
109	FranceFRAWestern Europe · 2016 reading	0.39227	41.814	0.14103	Retrospective question	2016
110	KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia · 2016 reading	0.39164	37.401	0.16957	Retrospective question	2016
111	CzechiaCZEEastern Europe · 2016 reading	0.38958	37.442	0.15242	Retrospective question	2016
112	GambiaGMBWestern Africa · 2015 reading	0.38908	38.915	0.19758	Retrospective question	2015
113	JordanJORWestern Asia · 2010 reading	0.38630	40.885	0.13773	Retrospective question	2010
114	LatviaLVANorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.38453	41.327	0.14109	Retrospective question	2016
115	LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.38397	40.785	0.14692	Retrospective question	2016
116	MauritaniaMRTWestern Africa · 2008 reading	0.38375	45.259	0.17476	Mix	2008
117	KosovoXKXSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.37044	39.873	0.15678	Retrospective question	2016
118	EstoniaESTNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.36924	41.709	0.16482	Retrospective question	2016
119	FijiFJIMelanesia · 2008 reading	0.36884	39.868	0.14970	Co-residents only	2008
120	SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe · 2016 reading	0.36697	39.968	0.14225	Retrospective question	2016
121	South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa · 2014 reading	0.36278	39.124	0.15281	Retrospective question	2014
122	AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.36003	41.860	0.12487	Retrospective question	2016
123	Dominican RepublicDOMCaribbean · 2017 reading	0.35149	42.467	0.18263	Retrospective question	2017
124	Papua New GuineaPNGMelanesia · 2009 reading	0.35023	43.393	0.15893	Co-residents only	2009
125	South KoreaKOREastern Asia · 2014 reading	0.34902	39.637	0.15298	Retrospective question	2014
126	YemenYEMWestern Asia · 2014 reading	0.34443	46.239	0.17041	Co-residents only	2014
127	SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.34121	44.351	0.17606	Retrospective question	2016
128	NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe · 2016 reading	0.33451	41.332	0.18120	Retrospective question	2016
129	NorwayNORNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.33294	41.015	0.13276	Retrospective question	2016
130	Timor-LesteTLSSouth-eastern Asia · 2007 reading	0.32198	45.532	0.16840	Retrospective question	2007
131	CanadaCANNorthern America · 2014 reading	0.31679	40.820	0.14668	Retrospective question	2014
132	ZambiaZMBEastern Africa · 2010 reading	0.31258	45.087	0.09991	Co-residents only	2010
133	KiribatiKIRMicronesia · 2006 reading, too old to compare	0.31257	39.624	0.20515	Co-residents only	2006
134	GermanyDEUWestern Europe · 2016 reading	0.30953	43.768	0.17211	Retrospective question	2016
135	JapanJPNEastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.30559	41.681	0.16647	Retrospective question	2012
136	FinlandFINNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.30510	42.811	0.13701	Retrospective question	2016
137	MongoliaMNGEastern Asia · 2016 reading	0.30372	37.323	0.15244	Retrospective question	2016
138	ComorosCOMEastern Africa · 2014 reading	0.30359	48.425	0.15590	Retrospective question	2014
139	Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa · 2007 reading	0.29965	41.375	0.18136	Co-residents only	2007
140	TajikistanTJKCentral Asia · 2016 reading	0.29909	42.875	0.16227	Retrospective question	2016
141	IcelandISLNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.28497	44.903	0.12846	Retrospective question	2016
142	United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe · 2016 reading	0.27954	41.888	0.16824	Retrospective question	2016
143	UzbekistanUZBCentral Asia · 2016 reading	0.26931	41.894	0.14293	Retrospective question	2016
144	CyprusCYPWestern Asia · 2012 reading	0.25773	49.771	0.21617	Retrospective question	2012
145	AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand · 2015 reading	0.24653	38.214	0.15483	Retrospective question	2015
146	DjiboutiDJIEastern Africa · 2017 reading	0.24242	42.806	0.21489	Retrospective question	2017
147	New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand · 1999 reading, too old to compare	0.21901	45.928	0.21034	Retrospective question	1999
148	TongaTONPolynesia · 2009 reading	0.21565	44.019	0.18104	Co-residents only	2009
149	São Tomé and PríncipeSTPMiddle Africa · 2010 reading	0.21184	42.372	0.16648	Co-residents only	2010
150	MauritiusMUSEastern Africa · 2012 reading	0.17781	47.191	0.24434	Co-residents only	2012
151	DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe · 2014 reading	0.17075	47.132	0.20293	Retrospective question	2014
152	PhilippinesPHLSouth-eastern Asia · 2012 reading	0.16530	46.108	0.19161	Mix	2012
153	MaldivesMDVSouthern Asia · 2009 reading	0.12345	46.719	0.23566	Co-residents only	2009

02In Intergenerational Persistence in Education, 2017 compilation

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure. Readings too old to compare take no part.

Highest

1Bulgaria0.66012
2Romania0.62295
3Panama0.62146
4Hungary0.61891
5Cameroon0.60781

Lowest

153Maldives0.12345
152Philippines0.16530
151Denmark0.17075
150Mauritius0.17781
149São Tomé and Príncipe0.21184

A higher value is the worse result. The middle country reads 0.44656. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Expected schooling rank of a child of bottom-half parents (0–100)
HighestCyprus49.771
LowestRepublic of the Congo28.847
Middle country: 39.751
Chance a child of bottom-half parents reaches the top quarter (0–1)
HighestMauritius0.24434
LowestCameroon0.06979
Middle country: 0.13760

03Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

Readings from many years
Each country’s newest reading as of 2017, from 1999 to 2017. 4 are more than ten years older than the file: listed and marked, but left out of the ends and the changes.
The position is ours
World Bank Group publishes values only. The order here sorts the published values, and the page says so wherever it prints one.
Which end is better
A higher value is the worse result.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 153 countries has every column.

04The files

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The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

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153 rows · 12 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
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World Bank Group’s own file, on its own site.
GDIM_2023_03.csv

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially. Credit the publisher and say if you changed anything.

Cite this edition

World Bank Group (2017). Intergenerational Persistence in Education, 2017 compilation [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/intergenerational-persistence/2017

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06Questions