Photo: Andrus Uuetalu derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0 ee · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 06 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Estonia: Development & Human Capital
Is a country turning its resources into better lives?
Estonia is placed 22nd of 196 countries on development & human capital in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics. Readings behind it: Social Protection Coverage 97 (2025); Maternal Mortality Ratio 4.96 (2023).
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Development & Human Capital
22nd
of 196 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 3 key statistics
01The evidence
The 3 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Estonia on development & human capital — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 2 of 3
Maternal Mortality Ratio
UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG)
2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 3.0 IGO
4.96
Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Lower is better
Estonia: 4.96. Across the 195 countries in this edition, values run from 0.11 (Cook Islands) to 992.83 (Nigeria); the world median is 46.65.
- World median
- 46.65
- Best in Northern Europe
- 1.31 Norway
- Land neighbours
- Latvia 18.72 · Russia 9.4
Key 3 of 3
Human Development Index
UNDP Human Development Report Office
2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 3.0 IGO
0.905
HDI score (0–1)
Higher is better
Ranked 36th of 193 by UNDP Human Development Report Office
Estonia: 0.905. Across the 193 countries in this edition, values run from 0.388 (South Sudan) to 0.972 (Iceland); the world median is 0.762.
- World median
- 0.762
- Best in Northern Europe
- 0.972 Iceland
- Land neighbours
- Latvia 0.889 · Russia 0.832
02Over time
Which way Estonia is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births · lower is better
EstoniaWorld median
Estonia fell from 27.2 in 2000 to 4.96 in 2023; the world median went from 70.99 to 46.65.
Every year’s figures
Year Estonia World median 2023 4.96 46.7 2022 7.24 53.0 2021 8.46 76.6 2020 5.89 56.0 2019 6.01 48.4 2018 5.35 49.3 2017 5.32 47.2 2016 7.16 50.6 2015 6.40 51.9 2014 6.81 52.8 2013 6.46 53.3 2012 7.77 54.6 2011 8.85 55.0 2010 7.86 56.1 2009 9.83 56.3 2008 10.60 55.8 2007 12.76 56.8 2006 12.68 58.1 2005 14.78 60.1 2004 15.49 63.0 2003 18.00 66.8 2002 22.20 66.0 2001 24.86 68.1 2000 27.20 71.0 Human Development Index
HDI score (0–1) · higher is better
EstoniaWorld median
Estonia rose from 0.793 in 2000 to 0.905 in 2023; the world median went from 0.672 to 0.762.
Every year’s figures
Year Estonia World median 2023 0.905 0.7620 2022 0.902 0.7610 2021 0.899 0.7450 2020 0.901 0.7425 2019 0.901 0.7515 2018 0.897 0.7520 2017 0.894 0.7480 2016 0.890 0.7500 2015 0.888 0.7430 2014 0.885 0.7410 2013 0.887 0.7390 2012 0.880 0.7350 2011 0.877 0.7250 2010 0.868 0.7250 2009 0.863 0.7220 2008 0.864 0.7180 2007 0.859 0.7100 2006 0.855 0.7045 2005 0.847 0.6960 2004 0.834 0.6960 2003 0.824 0.6910 2002 0.813 0.6845 2001 0.802 0.6770 2000 0.793 0.6720
03In context
Estonia beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 196 countries on development & human capital, never a place within the region.
Estonia and the countries it borders
Standing among all 196; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Social Protection CoveragePopulation covered by at least one social protection benefit (%) | Maternal Mortality RatioMaternal deaths per 100,000 live births | Human Development IndexHDI score (0–1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 22nd | 97 | 4.96 | 0.905 |
 Latvia | 41st | 99.4 | 18.72 | 0.889 |
 Russia | 42nd | 95.4 | 9.4 | 0.832 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Northern Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 196.
Placed either side on development & human capital
The countries immediately above and below Estonia in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Estonia is ahead of the world, and behind
45 more statistics filed under development & human capital, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median39
Statistics on which Estonia does better than the middle country measured.
Infant Mortality RateUN IGME · 2024 · world median 12.261.5312.26▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 1.53 · world median 12.26 · Deaths before age one (per 1,000 live births). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.214 to 71.87; lower is better.
Position 199th of 200 · derived, 1st = worst.
Under-Five Mortality RateUN IGME · 2024 · world median 14.542.01614.54▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 2.016 · world median 14.54 · Deaths before age five (per 1,000 live births). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.26 to 115.65; lower is better.
Position 199th of 200 · derived, 1st = worst.
Low Birthweight PrevalenceUNICEF and WHO (Joint Low Birthweight Estimates) · 2020 · world median 10.214.17410.21No real change since 2010
Estonia: 4.174 · world median 10.21 · Live births weighing under 2,500 g (%). UNICEF and WHO (Joint Low Birthweight Estimates), 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 3.993 to 27.44; lower is better.
Position 155th of 158 · derived, 1st = worst.
Neonatal Mortality RateUN IGME · 2024 · world median 8.1340.9468.134No real change since 2014
Estonia: 0.946 · world median 8.134 · Deaths in the first 28 days (per 1,000 live births). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.544 to 39.47; lower is better.
Position 196th of 200 · derived, 1st = worst.
Stillbirth RateUN IGME · 2023 · world median 8.1631.8748.163▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 1.874 · world median 8.163 · Stillbirths (per 1,000 total births). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 1.18 to 34.9; lower is better.
Position 196th of 200 · derived, 1st = worst.
Stunting Prevalence in Children Under FiveUNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates) · 2024 · world median 13.81.21213.8No earlier reading
Estonia: 1.212 · world median 13.8 · Children under 5 who are stunted (%). UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.518 to 52.8; lower is better.
Position 157th of 162 · derived, 1st = worst.
Mean Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 9.93313.569.933▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 13.56 · world median 9.933 · Mean years of schooling (adults 25+). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 1.412 to 14.3; higher is better.
Position 7th of 193 · derived.
Account Ownership at a Financial InstitutionWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 72.8398.972.83▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 98.9 · world median 72.83 · Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 14.83 to 99.85; higher is better.
Position 8th of 139 · derived.
Human Capital IndexWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 0.5640.7770.564▲ Improved since 2010
Estonia: 0.777 · world median 0.564 · HCI score (0–1). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 0.292 to 0.879; higher is better.
Position 12th of 172 · derived.
Coefficient of Human InequalityUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 17.056.77417.05▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 6.774 · world median 17.05 · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.865 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 156th of 169 · derived, 1st = worst.
Child and Family Benefit CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 23.7510023.75No earlier reading
Estonia: 100 · world median 23.75 · Children or households with children receiving child or family cash benefits (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Multidimensional Poverty MeasureWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 4.2520.3514.252No earlier reading
Estonia: 0.351 · world median 4.252 · Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.96; lower is better.
Position 141st of 157 · derived, 1st = worst.
Statistical Performance IndicatorsWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 69.388.7969.3No real change since 2016
Estonia: 88.79 · world median 69.3 · SPI overall score (0–100). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 27.12 to 94.14; higher is better.
Position 24th of 188 · derived.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6090.8410.609▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 0.841 · world median 0.609 · IHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.226 to 0.923; higher is better.
Position 22nd of 169 · derived.
Gender Inequality IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.3510.0610.351▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 0.061 · world median 0.351 · GII (0 = full equality, 1 = maximum inequality). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 0.838; lower is better.
Ranked 23rd of 172 by UNDP Human Development Report Office.
Productive Capacities IndexUNCTAD · 2022 · world median 46.6761.8346.67▼ Worsened since 2012
Estonia: 61.83 · world median 46.67 · Productive Capacities Index (1–100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 17.8 to 71.02; higher is better.
Position 26th of 195 · derived.
Completeness of Birth RegistrationUNICEF · 2025 · world median 98.410098.4No earlier reading
Estonia: 100 · world median 98.4 · Children under 5 whose birth is registered (%). UNICEF, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.7 to 100; higher is better.
Disability Benefit CoverageILO · 2025 · world median 43.910043.9No earlier reading
Estonia: 100 · world median 43.9 · People with severe disabilities receiving disability benefits (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Old-Age Pension CoverageILO · 2025 · world median 80.810080.8No earlier reading
Estonia: 100 · world median 80.8 · People above statutory pensionable age receiving an old-age pension (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Unemployment Benefit CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 0440No earlier reading
Estonia: 44 · world median 0 · Unemployed people receiving unemployment benefits (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Wasting Prevalence in Children Under FiveUNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates) · 2024 · world median 3.5461.5473.546No earlier reading
Estonia: 1.547 · world median 3.546 · Children under 5 who are wasted (%). UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Group (Joint Malnutrition Estimates), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.1 to 22.74; lower is better.
Position 135th of 163 · derived, 1st = worst.
Human Capital Wealth per CapitaWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 25,230140,26125,230▲ Improved since 2010
Estonia: 140,261 · world median 25,230 · Human capital per person — present value of future earnings (real chained 2019 US$). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 700.38 to 735,422; higher is better.
Position 29th of 151 · derived.
Mortality Rate, Ages 5–14UN IGME · 2024 · world median 2.8581.1322.858No real change since 2014
Estonia: 1.132 · world median 2.858 · Deaths between ages 5 and 14 (per 1,000 children aged 5). UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.392 to 59.04; lower is better.
Position 162nd of 200 · derived, 1st = worst.
Comprehensive Wealth per CapitaWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 46,486206,33046,486▲ Improved since 2010
Estonia: 206,330 · world median 46,486 · National comprehensive wealth per person (real chained 2019 US$). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 4,276 to 1,246,092; higher is better.
Position 30th of 150 · derived.
Expected Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 13.3415.9713.34▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 15.97 · world median 13.34 · Expected years of schooling. UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 5.635 to 21.69; higher is better.
Position 45th of 195 · derived.
Poverty Headcount at $3.00 a Day, Line-up EstimatesWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.10.322.1▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 0.32 · world median 2.1 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP, World Bank line-up estimate (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 89.54; lower is better.
GDP per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 17,26541,60417,265No real change since 2015
Estonia: 41,604 · world median 17,265 · GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1,067 to 139,593; higher is better.
Position 45th of 185 · derived.
Historical GDP per Capita (Maddison)GGDC · 2022 · world median 12,89030,06712,890No real change since 2012
Estonia: 30,067 · world median 12,890 · GDP per capita (2011 international $). Maddison Project, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 596.39 to 149,171; higher is better.
Position 41st of 166 · derived.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.821.317.82▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 1.31 · world median 7.82 · Population below $8.30 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.07 to 93.58; lower is better.
Position 45th of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Prosperity GapWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.7541.0211.754▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 1.021 · world median 1.754 · Average factor incomes must rise by to reach $28 a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.406 to 12.06; lower is better.
Position 45th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Life Expectancy at BirthUN DESA Population Division · 2023 · world median 74.6379.1574.63No real change since 2013
Estonia: 79.15 · world median 74.63 · Years a newborn would live at current death rates. UN DESA Population Division, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 54.46 to 86.37; higher is better.
Position 58th of 222 · derived.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $4.20 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.340.571.34▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 0.57 · world median 1.34 · Population below $4.20 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 72.3; lower is better.
Position 44th of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Employment Injury Protection CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 45.979.545.9No earlier reading
Estonia: 79.5 · world median 45.9 · Labour force covered in the event of a work injury (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.930.320.93▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 0.32 · world median 0.93 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 43rd of 58 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Gap at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.3450.190.345▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 0.19 · world median 0.345 · Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 19.95; lower is better.
Position 40th of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Planetary pressures-adjusted HDIUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6780.7140.678▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 0.714 · world median 0.678 · PHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.276 to 0.827; higher is better.
Position 55th of 156 · derived.
Gender Development IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.9711.0230.971▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 1.023 · world median 0.971 · Gender Development Index (1.000 = parity). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.407 to 1.038; higher is better.
Position 69th of 184 · derived.
Poverty Severity (Squared Poverty Gap) at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.1850.140.185▲ Improved since 2013
Estonia: 0.14 · world median 0.185 · Squared poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (0–100). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 9.74; lower is better.
Cereal YieldFAO · 2023 · world median 3,0723,4103,072No real change since 2013
Estonia: 3,410 · world median 3,072 · Cereal yield (kg per hectare). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 23 to 29,147; higher is better.
Position 83rd of 179 · derived.
Behind the world median3
Statistics on which Estonia does worse than the middle country measured.
Official Development Assistance Given (% of GNI)OECD Development Assistance Committee · 2025 · world median 0.270.190.27No real change since 2018
Estonia: 0.19 · world median 0.27 · ODA given (% of the provider's GNI, grant equivalent). OECD Development Assistance Committee, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.05 to 1.03; higher is better.
Immunisation Coverage, DTP3WUENIC · 2025 · world median 918591▼ Worsened since 2015
Estonia: 85 · world median 91 · Infants given a third dose of DTP vaccine (%). WHO and UNICEF (WUENIC), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 39 to 99; higher is better.
Immunisation Coverage, Measles First Dose (MCV1)WUENIC · 2025 · world median 908390▼ Worsened since 2015
Estonia: 83 · world median 90 · Infants given a first dose of measles vaccine (%). WHO and UNICEF (WUENIC), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 13 to 99; higher is better.
Level with the median, or no median to compare2
Access to ElectricityWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 100100100▼ Worsened since 2014
Estonia: 100 · world median 100 · Population with electricity access (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 5.4 to 100; higher is better.
Access to Electricity, RuralWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 100100100▼ Worsened since 2014
Estonia: 100 · world median 100 · Rural population with electricity access (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.7 to 100; higher is better.
No better end1
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 11.2610.7811.26Moved since 2015
Estonia: 10.78 · world median 11.26 · Manufacturing value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.481 to 43.97.
Position 70th of 132 · derived, counted from the highest value.
No current reading for Estonia
Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits, Child Marriage, Children with Functional Difficulties, Country Policy and Institutional Assessment, Exclusive Breastfeeding Under Six Months, Foundational ID Ownership (last 2021), Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, GNI per Capita (PPP) (last 2024), Malaria Incidence (P. falciparum), Malaria Incidence (P. vivax), Malaria Mortality (P. falciparum), Net Official Development Assistance Received and Violent Discipline of Children. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Development & Human Capital among Estonia’s 16 topics
Development & Human Capital is Estonia’s 7th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Digital & Technologyjoint 1st of 1984/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Libertiesjoint 8th of 1984/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions9th of 1944/4 keys
- Risk & Resilience11th of 1934/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing16th of 2004/4 keys
- Gender & Equality20th of 1834/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital22nd of 1963/3 keys
- Peace & Security32nd of 1774/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation33rd of 1764/4 keys
- Work & Labourjoint 37th of 1824/4 keys
- Energy34th of 1653/3 keys
- Poverty & Inequalityjoint 35th of 1593/3 keys
- Food & Agriculture45th of 1844/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade45th of 1774/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge65th of 1983/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainabilityjoint 123rd of 1864/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on development & human capital
The three countries placed highest of 196, and the leaders Estonia can most readily be measured against.
1
Cook IslandsPolynesia
1st of 196 · 2 of 3 keys
Photo: Benedict Adam · CC BY 2.0, greyscale
2
NorwayNorthern Europe
2nd of 196 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: Ximonic , Simo Räsänen · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
DenmarkNorthern Europe
3rd of 196 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: User:Aconcagua · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Norway2nd3/3 keysThis page
Estonia22nd3/3 keys
Positions out of 196 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Estonia and development & human capital
On development & human capital
Global Hunger Index 2025: Countries with the Most Alarming Hunger Crisis
Thirteen countries scored across four editions — 2000, 2008, 2016 and 2025 — and five the report could not score at all. DR Congo and South Sudan share 121st place on 37.5.
On development & human capital
India vs Pakistan 2025: Comparison of Hunger Index, Happiness, HDI, Rule of Law, Literacy & GDP
India and Pakistan on six published measures: hunger, happiness, human development, rule of law, literacy and GDP per capita, each from its own publisher and year.
08Questions
Estonia on development & human capital: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Estonia rank on development & human capital?
Estonia is placed 22nd of 196 countries on Development & Human Capital in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics (Social Protection Coverage, Maternal Mortality Ratio and Human Development Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Social Protection Coverage figure for Estonia?
97 in 2025 (population covered by at least one social protection benefit (%)), according to International Labour Organization (ILO). The world median in the same edition was 52.1.
What is the latest Maternal Mortality Ratio figure for Estonia?
4.96 in 2023 (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births), according to UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG). The world median in the same edition was 46.65.
How does Estonia compare with Russia on development & human capital?
Russia is placed 42nd of 196, and Estonia 22nd. Social Protection Coverage: Russia 95.4, Estonia 97; Maternal Mortality Ratio: Russia 9.4, Estonia 4.96; Human Development Index: Russia 0.832, Estonia 0.905.
How have Estonia’s development & human capital figures changed?
Maternal Mortality Ratio fell from 27.2 in 2000 to 4.96 in 2023; Human Development Index rose from 0.793 in 2000 to 0.905 in 2023.
Which development & human capital statistics are missing for Estonia?
No current reading is published for Estonia on Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits, Child Marriage, Children with Functional Difficulties, Country Policy and Institutional Assessment, Exclusive Breastfeeding Under Six Months, Foundational ID Ownership, Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, GNI per Capita (PPP), Malaria Incidence (P. falciparum), Malaria Incidence (P. vivax), Malaria Mortality (P. falciparum), Net Official Development Assistance Received and Violent Discipline of Children. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
Poverty lines, inequality and aid received are published here as context rather than as keys, often because they cover fewer countries or are measured too rarely. Development is also not the same as economic size or growth, which belong to Economy & Innovation.
How the Development & Human Capital standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 3 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 3 keys to be placed.
The development & human capital method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Social Protection Coverage — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Maternal Mortality Ratio — UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG), CC BY 3.0 IGO
- Human Development Index — UNDP Human Development Report Office, CC BY 3.0 IGO
The other 45 statistics on this page come from 13 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Estonia’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Estonia (banner) — Andrus Uuetalu derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0 ee
- Cook Islands — Benedict Adam, CC BY 2.0
- Norway — Ximonic , Simo Räsänen, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Denmark — User:Aconcagua, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Estonia: Development & Human Capital — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/estonia/development