Karksi Castle in Viljandi County, Estonia. Notice that this panoramic image provides an illusion that the church on the side and the wall are on the same… — Photo: Andrus Uuetalu derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0 ee · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale

Topic 13 of 18 · Country Index 2026

Estonia: Food & Agriculture

What does a country grow, and what does it take to grow it?

Estonia is placed 45th of 184 countries on food & agriculture in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) 3.57 (2024); Cereal Yield 3,410 (2023).

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Food & Agriculture

45th

of 184 countries placed

Country Index 2026, all topics21st of 183 →

3.57Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy), 2024Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators
3,410Cereal Yield, 2023Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
3,349Dietary Energy Supply, 2024Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)
0.5Agriculture Orientation Index, 2024Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)

01The evidence

The 4 key statistics that decide it

Only these place Estonia on food & agriculture — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.

Why these keys

Key 1 of 4
Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Why it is a key
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
3.57
Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators
Higher is better
Estonia: 3.57. Across the 186 countries in this edition, values run from 1.67 (Tuvalu) to 4.57 (Italy); the world median is 3.14.
World median
3.14
Best in Northern Europe
4.14 Denmark
Land neighbours
Latvia 3.43 · Russia 3.86
Key 2 of 4
Cereal Yield
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Why it is a key
2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 4.0
3,410
Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
Higher is better
Estonia: 3,410. Across the 179 countries in this edition, values run from 23 (Cabo Verde) to 29,147 (Oman); the world median is 3,072.
World median
3,072
Best in Northern Europe
7,138 United Kingdom
Land neighbours
Latvia 3,558 · Russia 3,167
Key 3 of 4
Dietary Energy Supply
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Why it is a key
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
3,349
Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)
Higher is better
Estonia: 3,349. Across the 155 countries in this edition, values run from 1,757 (Somalia) to 3,962 (United States); the world median is 2,982.
World median
2,982
Best in Northern Europe
3,923 Ireland
Land neighbours
Latvia 3,404 · Russia 3,578
Key 4 of 4
Agriculture Orientation Index
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Why it is a key
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
0.5
Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)
Higher is better
Estonia: 0.5. Across the 132 countries in this edition, values run from 0.03 (Ghana) to 5.38 (Singapore); the world median is 0.305.
World median
0.305
Best in Northern Europe
1.04 Ireland
Land neighbours
Latvia 0.24 · Russia 0.35

02Over time

Which way Estonia is moving

Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.

Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)
Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators · higher is better
EstoniaWorld median
Estonia fell from 3.86 in 2015 to 3.57 in 2024; the world median went from 3.14 to 3.14.
Every year’s figures
Year Estonia World median
2024 3.6 3.1
2023 3.6 3.1
2022 3.6 3.2
2021 3.9 3.1
2020 3.7 3.1
2019 3.7 3.1
2018 3.3 3.2
2017 3.7 3.1
2016 3.4 3.1
2015 3.9 3.1

Year	Estonia	World median
2024	3.6	3.1
2023	3.6	3.1
2022	3.6	3.2
2021	3.9	3.1
2020	3.7	3.1
2019	3.7	3.1
2018	3.3	3.2
2017	3.7	3.1
2016	3.4	3.1
2015	3.9	3.1

Cereal Yield

Cereal yield (kg per hectare) · higher is better

EstoniaWorld median

Estonia rose from 2,115 in 2000 to 3,410 in 2023; the world median went from 2,170 to 3,072.

Every year’s figures

Year	Estonia	World median
2023	3,410	3,072
2022	4,225	3,217
2021	3,502	3,003
2020	4,412	3,260
2019	4,459	3,106
2018	2,625	2,883
2017	3,967	2,984
2016	2,658	3,043
2015	4,382	3,000
2014	3,670	3,001
2013	3,136	2,970
2012	3,412	2,782
2011	2,599	2,754
2010	2,464	2,647
2009	2,761	2,653
2008	2,793	2,664
2007	3,009	2,553
2006	2,210	2,514
2005	2,694	2,512
2004	2,330	2,428
2003	1,922	2,331
2002	2,024	2,378
2001	2,037	2,199
2000	2,115	2,170

Dietary Energy Supply

Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day) · higher is better

EstoniaWorld median

Estonia rose from 2,972 in 2001 to 3,349 in 2024; the world median went from 2,628 to 2,982.

Every year’s figures

Year	Estonia	World median
2024	3,349	2,982.0
2023	3,311	2,969.0
2022	3,278	2,962.5
2021	3,264	2,967.0
2020	3,246	2,934.0
2019	3,231	2,912.5
2018	3,184	2,893.0
2017	3,135	2,886.0
2016	3,112	2,863.0
2015	3,137	2,835.0
2014	3,161	2,844.0
2013	3,168	2,856.0
2012	3,183	2,838.0
2011	3,202	2,827.5
2010	3,240	2,808.0
2009	3,244	2,818.0
2008	3,215	2,811.0
2007	3,171	2,810.5
2006	3,124	2,772.0
2005	3,078	2,740.5
2004	3,034	2,712.5
2003	2,991	2,685.0
2002	2,978	2,667.0
2001	2,972	2,628.0

Agriculture Orientation Index

Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size) · higher is better

EstoniaWorld median

Estonia fell from 0.6 in 2001 to 0.5 in 2024; the world median went from 0.36 to 0.305.

Every year’s figures

Year	Estonia	World median
2024	0.50	0.305
2023	0.45	0.305
2022	0.40	0.290
2021	0.50	0.260
2020	0.47	0.255
2019	0.49	0.265
2018	0.61	0.270
2017	0.60	0.260
2016	0.64	0.285
2015	0.46	0.305
2014	0.43	0.300
2013	0.59	0.285
2012	0.50	0.330
2011	0.47	0.290
2010	0.47	0.320
2009	1.00	0.370
2008	0.55	0.390
2007	0.59	0.410
2006	0.56	0.355
2005	0.49	0.325
2004	0.56	0.320
2003	0.70	0.320
2002	0.64	0.340
2001	0.60	0.360

03In context

Estonia beside its neighbours

A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 184 countries on food & agriculture, never a place within the region.

Northern Europe

1st184thNot placed · 40 countries with too few key statisticsNo data

The whole world on food & agriculture

Estonia and the countries it borders

Standing among all 184; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.

Country	Standing	Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators	Cereal YieldCereal yield (kg per hectare)	Dietary Energy SupplyDietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)	Agriculture Orientation IndexAgriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)
Russia	40th	3.86	3,167	3,578	0.35
Estonia	45th	3.57	3,410	3,349	0.5
Latvia	69th	3.43	3,558	3,404	0.24

“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is

Across Northern Europe

Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 184.

Placed either side on food & agriculture

The countries immediately above and below Estonia in the topic’s list.

04Context, no vote

Where Estonia is ahead of the world, and behind

30 more statistics filed under food & agriculture, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.

Every country

Ahead of the world median9

Statistics on which Estonia does better than the middle country measured.

Share of Dietary Energy Supply from Cereals, Roots and TubersFAO · 2022 · world median 412241▲ Improved since 2012
Estonia: 22 · world median 41 · Share of dietary energy supply from cereals, roots and tubers (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 21 to 82; lower is better.
Chart and every country The 2022 dataset
Organic Agricultural AreaFAO · 2024 · world median 0.72522.610.725No real change since 2014
Estonia: 22.61 · world median 0.725 · Organic share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 86.38; higher is better.
Position 5th of 150 · derived.
Chart and every country The 2024 dataset
Prevalence of UndernourishmentFAO · 2023 · world median 5.22.55.2▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 2.5 · world median 5.2 · Population undernourished (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 2.5 to 54.2; lower is better.
Position 104th of 104 · derived, 1st = worst.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Per Capita Food Supply VariabilityFAO · 2024 · world median 292029▲ Improved since 2014
Estonia: 20 · world median 29 · Year-to-year variability of the food supply (kcal per person per day). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4 to 227; lower is better.
Chart and every country The 2024 dataset
Crop Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.23118.97106.23▲ Improved since 2012
Estonia: 118.97 · world median 106.23 · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 53.79 to 189.93; higher is better.
Position 50th of 195 · derived.
Chart and every country The 2022 dataset
Prevalence of Severe Food InsecurityFAO · 2024 · world median 4.91.94.9▼ Worsened since 2015
Estonia: 1.9 · world median 4.9 · Population in severe food insecurity (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.6 to 62.9; lower is better.
Position 92nd of 119 · derived, 1st = worst.
Chart and every country The 2024 dataset
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added per WorkerWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6,74218,5946,742▼ Worsened since 2015
Estonia: 18,594 · world median 6,742 · Agricultural value added per worker (constant 2015 US$). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 210.77 to 150,632; higher is better.
Position 43rd of 151 · derived.
Chart and every country The 2025 dataset
Vegetable Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 102.69132.27102.69▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 132.27 · world median 102.69 · Vegetables available as food (kg per person per year). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 6.89 to 412.72; higher is better.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Legal Guarantees of Women's Equal Rights to LandFAO · 2025 · world median 343No earlier reading
Estonia: 4 · world median 3 · Level of legal guarantees of women's equal rights to land ownership and control, 1 (lowest) to 6 (highest). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 6; higher is better.
Chart and every country The 2025 dataset

Behind the world median4

Statistics on which Estonia does worse than the middle country measured.

Fruit Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 84.8381.8784.83▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 81.87 · world median 84.83 · Fruit available as food, excluding wine (kg per person per year). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.27 to 379.63; higher is better.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Food Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.08105.65106.08▲ Improved since 2012
Estonia: 105.65 · world median 106.08 · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 71.08 to 177.49; higher is better.
Position 104th of 195 · derived.
Chart and every country The 2022 dataset
Agricultural Emissions IntensityFAO · 2023 · world median 1.5652.331.565▼ Worsened since 2013
Estonia: 2.33 · world median 1.565 · Greenhouse gases from farming per value of agricultural output (kg CO₂eq per international dollar). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 28.2; lower is better.
Position 57th of 190 · derived, 1st = worst.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Livestock Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 107.0694.58107.06▼ Worsened since 2012
Estonia: 94.58 · world median 107.06 · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 35.52 to 190.08; higher is better.
Position 160th of 194 · derived.
Chart and every country The 2022 dataset

No better end17

These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.

Arable Land per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 0.1090.5190.109No real change since 2013
Estonia: 0.519 · world median 0.109 · Arable land (hectares per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1.459.
Position 15th of 206 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Women's Share of Agricultural LandownersFAO · 2025 · world median 25.6434.325.64No earlier reading
Estonia: 34.3 · world median 25.64 · Women's share of owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.16 to 57.8.
Chart and every country The 2025 dataset
Cropland Nitrogen BalanceFAO · 2023 · world median 37.6346.8437.63Moved since 2013
Estonia: 46.84 · world median 37.63 · Nitrogen surplus (+) or deficit (−) on cropland, kg per hectare. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from -555.52 to 1,199.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Meat Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 57.8364.7357.83No real change since 2013
Estonia: 64.73 · world median 57.83 · Meat available as food (kg per person per year, carcass weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.49 to 156.95.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Fisheries and Aquaculture ProductionFAO · 2024 · world median 52,37566,13352,375No real change since 2014
Estonia: 66,133 · world median 52,375 · Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals caught or farmed, tonnes (live weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 70,500,841.
Chart and every country The 2024 dataset
Agricultural EmissionsFAO · 2023 · world median 8,6357,7778,635No real change since 2013
Estonia: 7,777 · world median 8,635 · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,044,508.
Position 105th of 193 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Fertilizer Consumption per HectareFAO · 2023 · world median 87.3674.8687.36Moved since 2013
Estonia: 74.86 · world median 87.36 · Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 2,926.
Position 103rd of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Fish and Seafood Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 16.1712.716.17Moved since 2013
Estonia: 12.7 · world median 16.17 · Fish and seafood available as food (kg per person per year, live-weight equivalent). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 83.81.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Land Under Cereal ProductionFAO · 2023 · world median 689,278352,150689,278Moved since 2013
Estonia: 352,150 · world median 689,278 · Land under cereal production (hectares). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 103,715,108.
Position 106th of 179 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Pesticide Use per HectareFAO · 2024 · world median 1.731.091.73No real change since 2014
Estonia: 1.09 · world median 1.73 · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.72.
Position 110th of 178 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2024 dataset
Agricultural LandFAO · 2023 · world median 37.9623.1237.96No real change since 2013
Estonia: 23.12 · world median 37.96 · Agricultural land (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.445 to 86.48.
Position 140th of 209 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Employment in AgricultureILO · 2025 · world median 14.382.95714.38No real change since 2015
Estonia: 2.957 · world median 14.38 · Employment in agriculture (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.095 to 85.34.
Position 143rd of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2025 dataset
Livestock DensityFAO · 2023 · world median 0.5350.240.535Moved since 2013
Estonia: 0.24 · world median 0.535 · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 43.97.
Position 151st of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6.5721.6476.572Moved since 2015
Estonia: 1.647 · world median 6.572 · Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.025 to 47.59.
Position 132nd of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2025 dataset
Agricultural Irrigated LandFAO · 2023 · world median 3.660.1993.66No earlier reading
Estonia: 0.199 · world median 3.66 · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 89.04.
Position 112th of 121 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2023 dataset
Cereal Import Dependency RatioFAO · 2022 · world median 42.8-119.542.8Moved since 2012
Estonia: -119.5 · world median 42.8 · Share of the cereal supply that is imported (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from -1,894 to 100.
Chart and every country The 2022 dataset
Water Withdrawal by SectorFAO · 2022 · world median 62.140.41562.14No real change since 2012
Estonia: 0.415 · world median 62.14 · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 99.48.
Position 166th of 171 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Chart and every country The 2022 dataset

No current reading for Estonia

Global Report on Food Crises. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.

“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing

05Country Index 2026

Food & Agriculture among Estonia’s 16 topics

Food & Agriculture is Estonia’s 13th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.

On the profile

06The top of the list

Who leads on food & agriculture

The three countries placed highest of 184, and the leaders Estonia can most readily be measured against.

All 184 countries

1
Serbia
Southern Europe
1st of 184 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Lošmi derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
Austria
Western Europe
2nd of 184 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: chensiyuan · CC BY-SA 4.0, greyscale
3
Malta
Southern Europe
3rd of 184 · 3 of 4 keys
Photo: Dirk Heldmaier derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

Placed highest nearby

Highest in Europe
Serbia1st4/4 keys
Highest in Northern Europe
Denmark10th4/4 keys
This page
Estonia45th4/4 keys

Positions out of 184 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.

07Questions

Estonia on food & agriculture: questions answered

Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.

How does Estonia rank on food & agriculture?

Estonia is placed 45th of 184 countries on Food & Agriculture in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy), Cereal Yield, Dietary Energy Supply and Agriculture Orientation Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.

What is the latest Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) figure for Estonia?

3.57 in 2024 (current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 3.14.

What is the latest Cereal Yield figure for Estonia?

3,410 in 2023 (cereal yield (kg per hectare)), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 3,072.

How does Estonia compare with Russia on food & agriculture?

Russia is placed 40th of 184, and Estonia 45th. Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy): Russia 3.86, Estonia 3.57; Cereal Yield: Russia 3,167, Estonia 3,410; Dietary Energy Supply: Russia 3,578, Estonia 3,349; Agriculture Orientation Index: Russia 0.35, Estonia 0.5.

How have Estonia’s food & agriculture figures changed?

Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) fell from 3.86 in 2015 to 3.57 in 2024; Cereal Yield rose from 2,115 in 2000 to 3,410 in 2023; Dietary Energy Supply rose from 2,972 in 2001 to 3,349 in 2024; Agriculture Orientation Index fell from 0.6 in 2001 to 0.5 in 2024.

Which food & agriculture statistics are missing for Estonia?

No current reading is published for Estonia on Global Report on Food Crises. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.

08Method

Method, sources and how to cite

What this topic does not measure

This subject is about production and land use, not about whether people are fed. Hunger, undernourishment and what a population actually eats are measured under Health & Wellbeing, and the two regularly disagree — a country can grow a great deal and still leave many people short, and one that grows little can be well fed by trade. The wider environmental cost of farming — emissions, water withdrawal, forest cover — is filed under Environment & Sustainability.

About food & agriculture, in full

How the Food & Agriculture standing is decided

A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.

The food & agriculture method, step by step How every standing on this site is built

The key statistics and their licences

Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
Cereal Yield — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
Dietary Energy Supply — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
Agriculture Orientation Index — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0

The other 30 statistics on this page come from 3 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.

The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Photographs

Estonia’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.

Estonia (banner) — Andrus Uuetalu derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0 ee
Serbia — Lošmi derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
Austria — chensiyuan, CC BY-SA 4.0
Malta — Dirk Heldmaier derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0

Cite this page

Nations Inquiry (2026). Estonia: Food & Agriculture — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/estonia/food

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Estonia: Food & Agriculture

The 4 key statistics that decide it