Photo: Madalin Pentelie · CC0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 02 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Romania: Economy & Innovation
What does an economy do for the people inside it?
Romania is placed 43rd of 176 countries on economy & innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: GDP per Capita (PPP) 40,846 (2025); Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit 43.65 (2025).
Share
Economy & Innovation
43rd
of 176 countries placed
Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics
- 40,846GDP per Capita (PPP), 2025GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
- 43.65Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit, 2025Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
- 0.993Economic Complexity Index, 2024ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
- 71.34Account Ownership at a Financial Institution, 2024Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Romania on economy & innovation — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
40,846
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Higher is better
Romania: 40,846. Across the 185 countries in this edition, values run from 1,067 (Burundi) to 139,593 (Singapore); the world median is 17,265.
- World median
- 17,265
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 49,292 Czechia
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 35,326 · Hungary 41,161 · Moldova 17,087 · Serbia 27,603 · Ukraine 16,155
Key 2 of 4
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2016–2025 · Romania’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
43.65
Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
Higher is better
Romania: 43.65. Across the 179 countries at their latest reading, values run from 2.113 (Pakistan) to 88.52 (Israel); the world median is 35.95.
- World median
- 35.95
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 57.66 Hungary
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 31.41 · Hungary 57.66 · Moldova 38.78 · Serbia 47.08 · Ukraine 22.12
Key 3 of 4
Economic Complexity Index
Growth Lab at Harvard University
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC0 1.0
0.993
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
Higher is better
Ranked 23rd of 145 by Growth Lab at Harvard University
Romania: 0.993. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from -3.53 (Chad) to 1.729 (Japan); the world median is 0.131.
- World median
- 0.131
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 1.323 Czechia
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 0.785 · Hungary 1.15 · Moldova 0.203 · Serbia 0.763 · Ukraine 0.359
Key 4 of 4
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
World Bank Group
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
71.34
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
Higher is better
Romania: 71.34. Across the 139 countries in this edition, values run from 14.83 (Niger) to 99.85 (Iceland); the world median is 72.83.
- World median
- 72.83
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 92.28 Czechia
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 84.72 · Hungary 86.96 · Moldova 55.54 · Serbia 83.25 · Ukraine 87.58
02Over time
Which way Romania is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
GDP per Capita (PPP)
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) · higher is better
RomaniaWorld median
Romania rose from 14,854 in 2000 to 40,846 in 2025; the world median went from 10,589 to 17,265.
Every year’s figures
Year Romania World median 2025 40,846 17,265 2024 40,504 18,108 2023 40,117 17,686 2022 39,257 16,933 2021 37,534 16,260 2020 35,284 15,631 2019 36,399 16,761 2018 34,829 16,349 2017 32,853 16,129 2016 30,189 15,512 2015 29,182 14,857 2014 28,156 14,475 2013 26,942 14,681 2012 26,767 14,631 2011 26,151 13,916 2010 24,903 14,101 2009 25,762 13,655 2008 27,040 14,030 2007 24,328 13,755 2006 22,355 12,983 2005 20,571 12,023 2004 19,532 11,608 2003 17,587 11,183 2002 17,062 11,144 2001 15,848 10,907 2000 14,854 10,589 Economic Complexity Index
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) · higher is better
RomaniaWorld median
Romania rose from 0.575 in 2000 to 0.993 in 2024; the world median went from 0.016 to 0.131.
Every year’s figures
Year Romania World median 2024 0.993 0.1310 2023 1.023 0.0710 2022 1.019 0.0580 2021 1.031 0.0010 2020 1.004 0.0470 2019 1.020 0.0300 2018 1.006 -0.0150 2017 0.970 0.0080 2016 0.993 -0.0660 2015 0.917 -0.0600 2014 0.881 -0.0190 2013 0.847 0.0140 2012 0.842 0.0060 2011 0.781 -0.0140 2010 0.797 -0.0020 2009 0.810 0.0990 2008 0.803 0.0700 2007 0.762 -0.0080 2006 0.693 0.0740 2005 0.634 0.0510 2004 0.661 0.0505 2003 0.638 0.0450 2002 0.595 0.0100 2001 0.576 0.0470 2000 0.575 0.0160 Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+) · higher is better
RomaniaWorld median
Romania rose from 44.59 in 2011 to 71.34 in 2024; the world median went from 37.03 to 72.83.
Every year’s figures
Year Romania World median 2024 71 73 2021 69 74 2017 58 59 2014 61 52 2011 45 37
03In context
Romania beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 176 countries on economy & innovation, never a place within the region.
Romania and the countries it borders
Standing among all 176; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | GDP per Capita (PPP)GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) | Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of CreditFirms with a bank loan or line of credit (%) | Economic Complexity IndexECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) | Account Ownership at a Financial InstitutionAdults with an account (% of population aged 15+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hungary | 23rd | 41,161 | 57.66 | 1.15 | 86.96 |
 Serbia | 42nd | 27,603 | 47.08 | 0.763 | 83.25 |
| Romania | 43rd | 40,846 | 43.65 | 0.993 | 71.34 |
 Bulgaria | 55th | 35,326 | 31.41 | 0.785 | 84.72 |
 Ukraine | 83rd | 16,155 | 22.12 | 0.359 | 87.58 |
 Moldova | 98th | 17,087 | 38.78 | 0.203 | 55.54 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Eastern Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 176.
Placed either side on economy & innovation
The countries immediately above and below Romania in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Romania is ahead of the world, and behind
66 more statistics filed under economy & innovation, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median28
Statistics on which Romania does better than the middle country measured.
Firms Competing Against Informal FirmsWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 41.8111.8641.81No earlier reading
Romania: 11.86 · world median 41.81 · Firms competing against unregistered or informal firms (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.926 to 90.5; lower is better.
Position 170th of 181 · derived, 1st = worst.
Firms with an International Quality CertificationWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 10.429.910.4No earlier reading
Romania: 29.9 · world median 10.4 · Firms with an internationally recognised quality certification (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 45.77; higher is better.
Income Share Held by Richest 10%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 26.1821.7926.18▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 21.79 · world median 26.18 · Share of national income or consumption held by the richest tenth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 18.79 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 54th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
ICT Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 7.47422.467.474▲ Improved since 2014
Romania: 22.46 · world median 7.474 · ICT services exports (% of services exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 56.25; higher is better.
Position 14th of 118 · derived.
Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID)Frederick Solt, University of Iowa · 2023 · world median 3327.733▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 27.7 · world median 33 · Gini index of disposable household income (0–100), SWIID estimate. Frederick Solt, University of Iowa, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 22.3 to 51.2; lower is better.
Position 70th of 79 · derived, 1st = worst.
Business Ready: Regulatory FrameworkWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 66.876.2466.8No earlier reading
Romania: 76.24 · world median 66.8 · Regulatory framework score (0–100). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 46.21 to 78.34; higher is better.
Position 7th of 50 · derived.
New Business DensityWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.1877.4742.187▲ Improved since 2014
Romania: 7.474 · world median 2.187 · New limited liability companies registered per 1,000 people aged 15–64. World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 26.76; higher is better.
Total Factor Productivity LevelGGDC · 2023 · world median 0.6270.8470.627▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 0.847 · world median 0.627 · TFP level at current PPPs (USA = 1). Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.052 to 1.192; higher is better.
GNI per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 14,27342,05014,273▲ Improved since 2015
Romania: 42,050 · world median 14,273 · GNI per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1,181 to 116,633; higher is better.
Position 20th of 102 · derived.
Digitally-Deliverable Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 25.4250.4925.42▲ Improved since 2014
Romania: 50.49 · world median 25.42 · Digitally-deliverable services exports (% of services exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.377 to 87.15; higher is better.
Position 33rd of 170 · derived.
Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 12,80027,50212,800▲ Improved since 2017
Romania: 27,502 · world median 12,800 · Actual individual consumption per capita (PPP, current international $). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 688.7 to 52,654; higher is better.
Position 35th of 173 · derived.
Palma RatioWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.3321.0481.332▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 1.048 · world median 1.332 · Palma ratio (income share of the richest 10% ÷ share of the poorest 40%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.771 to 4.193; lower is better.
Position 47th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
World Energy Trilemma IndexWorld Energy Council · 2023 · world median 63.875.163.8No earlier reading
Romania: 75.1 · world median 63.8 · Trilemma score (0–100). World Energy Council, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 27.7 to 83.2; higher is better.
Ranked 23rd of 99 by World Energy Council.
Gini IndexWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 33.7229.8333.72▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 29.83 · world median 33.72 · Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 23 to 54.58; lower is better.
Position 45th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Frontier Technology Readiness IndexUNCTAD · 2023 · world median 0.4850.6890.485▼ Worsened since 2013
Romania: 0.689 · world median 0.485 · Frontier Technology Readiness Index (0–1). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1; higher is better.
Position 46th of 170 · derived.
Business Ready: Public ServicesWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 50.1363.1950.13No earlier reading
Romania: 63.19 · world median 50.13 · Public services score (0–100). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 18.35 to 73.31; higher is better.
Position 15th of 50 · derived.
Government AI Readiness IndexOxford Insights · 2025 · world median 40.1956.7340.19No real change since 2020
Romania: 56.73 · world median 40.19 · AI readiness score (0–100). Oxford Insights, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 12.12 to 88.36; higher is better.
Ranked 57th of 195 by Oxford Insights.
Historical GDP per Capita (Maddison)GGDC · 2022 · world median 12,89026,19812,890▲ Improved since 2012
Romania: 26,198 · world median 12,890 · GDP per capita (2011 international $). Maddison Project, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 596.39 to 149,171; higher is better.
Position 50th of 166 · derived.
ICT Goods ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 0.9753.080.975▼ Worsened since 2014
Romania: 3.08 · world median 0.975 · ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.45; higher is better.
Position 37th of 119 · derived.
Productive Capacities IndexUNCTAD · 2022 · world median 46.6754.0146.67No real change since 2012
Romania: 54.01 · world median 46.67 · Productive Capacities Index (1–100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 17.8 to 71.02; higher is better.
Position 61st of 195 · derived.
Average Monthly Earnings of EmployeesILO · 2024 · world median 1,6363,4201,636▲ Improved since 2014
Romania: 3,420 · world median 1,636 · Average monthly earnings of employees (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 193.28 to 9,307; higher is better.
Position 25th of 75 · derived.
Global Innovation IndexWorld Intellectual Property Organization · 2025 · world median 28.5234.2628.52No real change since 2022
Romania: 34.26 · world median 28.52 · GII score (0–100). World Intellectual Property Organization, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 11.94 to 65.96; higher is better.
Ranked 49th of 139 by World Intellectual Property Organization.
Regulatory QualityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.0930.269-0.093▼ Worsened since 2015
Romania: 0.269 · world median -0.093 · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.106 to 2.113; higher is better.
Position 76th of 209 · derived.
Comprehensive Wealth per CapitaWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 46,48675,02046,486▲ Improved since 2010
Romania: 75,020 · world median 46,486 · National comprehensive wealth per person (real chained 2019 US$). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 4,276 to 1,246,092; higher is better.
Position 57th of 150 · derived.
Logistics Performance IndexWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 2.93.22.9▼ Worsened since 2014
Romania: 3.2 · world median 2.9 · LPI score (1–5). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 1.9 to 4.3; higher is better.
Ranked 51st of 139 by World Bank Group.
Researchers per Million InhabitantsUIS · 2024 · world median 701.951,082701.95No earlier reading
Romania: 1,082 · world median 701.95 · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.446 to 18,130; higher is better.
Position 60th of 145 · derived.
Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.125.9316.1▼ Worsened since 2013
Romania: 25.93 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.
Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate)World Bank Group (Prospects Group) · 2020 · world median 27.525.7627.5No real change since 2010
Romania: 25.76 · world median 27.5 · Informal output, model estimate (% of official GDP). World Bank Group (Prospects Group), 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 7.91 to 60.43; lower is better.
Behind the world median10
Statistics on which Romania does worse than the middle country measured.
Business Ready: Operational EfficiencyWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 65.8265.7465.82No earlier reading
Romania: 65.74 · world median 65.82 · Operational efficiency score (0–100). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 40.36 to 87.33; higher is better.
Position 26th of 50 · derived.
Liner Shipping Connectivity IndexUNCTAD · 2026 · world median 56.2145.656.21▼ Worsened since 2016
Romania: 45.6 · world median 56.21 · LSCI (index, average Q1 2023 = 100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 4.13 to 1,319; higher is better.
Ranked 92nd of 175 by UNCTAD.
Income Share Held by Lowest 20%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.1277.12▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 7 · world median 7.12 · Share of national income held by the poorest fifth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.24 to 11.07; higher is better.
Position 33rd of 60 · derived.
Research and Development SpendingUIS · 2023 · world median 0.8140.5170.814▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 0.517 · world median 0.814 · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.006 to 6.346; higher is better.
Position 51st of 84 · derived.
Adjusted Net SavingsWorld Bank Group · 2021 · world median 8.3894.9518.389No real change since 2011
Romania: 4.951 · world median 8.389 · Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from -81.62 to 32.18; higher is better.
Position 76th of 118 · derived.
Management Practices IndexWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 52.3945.0752.39No earlier reading
Romania: 45.07 · world median 52.39 · Management practices index, medium and large firms (0–100). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 28.07 to 69.29; higher is better.
Position 128th of 169 · derived.
GDP GrowthWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3.3960.6783.396▼ Worsened since 2015
Romania: 0.678 · world median 3.396 · GDP growth (annual %). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -5.847 to 19.34; higher is better.
Position 164th of 186 · derived.
Crop Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.2385.41106.23▲ Improved since 2012
Romania: 85.41 · world median 106.23 · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 53.79 to 189.93; higher is better.
Position 174th of 195 · derived.
Food Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.0885.18106.08No real change since 2012
Romania: 85.18 · world median 106.08 · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 71.08 to 177.49; higher is better.
Position 181st of 195 · derived.
Livestock Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 107.0683.59107.06▼ Worsened since 2012
Romania: 83.59 · world median 107.06 · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 35.52 to 190.08; higher is better.
Position 187th of 194 · derived.
No better end28
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Creative Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 6.17128.856.171Moved since 2014
Romania: 28.85 · world median 6.171 · Creative services exports (% of services exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.002 to 63.91.
Statutory Minimum WageILO · 2024 · world median 657.951,799657.95Moved since 2014
Romania: 1,799 · world median 657.95 · Statutory minimum wage per month (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.038 to 3,804.
Inflation, GDP DeflatorWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3.3068.2043.306Moved since 2015
Romania: 8.204 · world median 3.306 · Annual change in the GDP implicit deflator (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -7.93 to 227.09.
Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,24024,7742,240No real change since 2022
Romania: 24,774 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.
Complexity Outlook IndexGrowth Lab at Harvard University · 2024 · world median -0.2250.872-0.225Moved since 2014
Romania: 0.872 · world median -0.225 · Complexity Outlook Index (standardised; roughly −2.5 to +3). Growth Lab at Harvard University, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -1.682 to 2.878.
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 22.9325.922.93Moved since 2015
Romania: 25.9 · world median 22.93 · Gross capital formation (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.679 to 45.27.
Position 40th of 131 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Merchant Fleet by Country of OwnershipUNCTAD · 2026 · world median 275.731,553275.73No real change since 2016
Romania: 1,553 · world median 275.73 · Merchant fleet owned (thousand dead-weight tons). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 397,071.
Creative Goods ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 1.2351.9091.235Moved since 2014
Romania: 1.909 · world median 1.235 · Creative goods exports (% of merchandise exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.23.
Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 24.6525.3424.65Moved since 2015
Romania: 25.34 · world median 24.65 · Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.228 to 75.09.
Position 70th of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 9.60211.679.602No real change since 2015
Romania: 11.67 · world median 9.602 · Services exports (% of GDP). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.085 to 166.21.
General Government ConsumptionWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 16.2117.316.21Moved since 2015
Romania: 17.3 · world median 16.21 · General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 5.445 to 38.94.
Position 60th of 132 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Foreign Direct Investment InflowsUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 1.9682.1531.968Moved since 2015
Romania: 2.153 · world median 1.968 · FDI inflows (% of GDP). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -32.97 to 2,221.
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 11.2611.8211.26Moved since 2015
Romania: 11.82 · world median 11.26 · Manufacturing value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.481 to 43.97.
Position 64th of 132 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Foreign Value Added Share of Gross ExportsOECD · 2022 · world median 27.4127.9427.41Moved since 2012
Romania: 27.94 · world median 27.41 · Foreign value added (% of gross exports). OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 4.491 to 66.08.
Price Level of Household ConsumptionGGDC · 2023 · world median 0.5230.5280.523Moved since 2013
Romania: 0.528 · world median 0.523 · Price level of household consumption (US output price level in 2021 = 1). Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.177 to 65.54.
Household ConsumptionWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 62.0462.0462.04Moved since 2015
Romania: 62.04 · world median 62.04 · Household and NPISH final consumption expenditure (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 25.21 to 133.34.
Position 66th of 131 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 36.3435.4836.34Moved since 2015
Romania: 35.48 · world median 36.34 · Exports of goods and services (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.103 to 199.76.
Position 71st of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 41.7240.7341.72No real change since 2015
Romania: 40.73 · world median 41.72 · Imports of goods and services (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.279 to 196.89.
Position 71st of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Trade (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 79.6876.2179.68Moved since 2015
Romania: 76.21 · world median 79.68 · Exports plus imports (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.382 to 396.65.
Position 75th of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 1.7081.1441.708Moved since 2011
Romania: 1.144 · world median 1.708 · Natural resources rents (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.03.
Position 111th of 180 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Container Port TrafficUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 1,827,788989,7951,827,788Moved since 2014
Romania: 989,795 · world median 1,827,788 · Container port traffic (TEU, twenty-foot equivalent units). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 17,263 to 299,703,800.
Position 69th of 103 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6.5723.0016.572Moved since 2015
Romania: 3.001 · world median 6.572 · Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.025 to 47.59.
Position 110th of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Gross Savings (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 22.0616.8422.06Moved since 2014
Romania: 16.84 · world median 22.06 · Gross savings (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -21.13 to 47.82.
Position 105th of 146 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Statutory Corporate Income Tax RateOECD · 2026 · world median 241624No real change since 2016
Romania: 16 · world median 24 · Combined statutory corporate income tax rate, central and sub-central government (%). OECD, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 36.13.
Terms of Trade IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 103.2392.4103.23Moved since 2015
Romania: 92.4 · world median 103.23 · Terms of trade index (2015 = 100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 38.2 to 1,448.
Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All ProductsWorld Bank Group · 2022 · world median 3.661.333.66Moved since 2012
Romania: 1.33 · world median 3.66 · Applied tariff rate, trade-weighted mean (%). World Bank Group, 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 29.52.
Commodity Export DependenceUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 67.1722.3867.17Moved since 2014
Romania: 22.38 · world median 67.17 · Commodity exports (% of merchandise exports, three-year average). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.605 to 99.77.
Export Concentration IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 0.3060.1080.306No real change since 2015
Romania: 0.108 · world median 0.306 · Export concentration index (0–1, normalised Herfindahl–Hirschman). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.059 to 0.933.
No current reading for Romania
Debt Service on External Debt, External Debt Stocks (% of GNI), Interest Payments on External Debt and Tax Revenue (% of GDP) (last 2023). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Economy & Innovation among Romania’s 16 topics
Economy & Innovation is Romania’s 3rd best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Food & Agriculturejoint 23rd of 1844/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions43rd of 1944/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation43rd of 1764/4 keys
- Gender & Equality48th of 1834/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital53rd of 1963/3 keys
- Poverty & Inequalityjoint 44th of 1593/3 keys
- Energy46th of 1653/3 keys
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 66th of 1934/4 keys
- Digital & Technologyjoint 68th of 1984/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade66th of 1774/4 keys
- Peace & Security66th of 1774/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Libertiesjoint 79th of 1984/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainabilityjoint 78th of 1864/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing85th of 2003/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge129th of 1983/4 keys
- Work & Labour122nd of 1824/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on economy & innovation
The three countries placed highest of 176, and the leaders Romania can most readily be measured against.
1
AustriaWestern Europe
1st of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: chensiyuan · CC BY-SA 4.0, greyscale
2
JapanEastern Asia
2nd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: JurriaanH · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
GermanyWestern Europe
3rd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Austria1st4/4 keysHighest in Eastern Europe
Slovakia22nd4/4 keysThis page
Romania43rd4/4 keys
Positions out of 176 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Romania and economy & innovation
On economy & innovation
China Leads Global High-Technology Exports
The world’s ten largest high-technology exporters as a treemap, with the rest of the world beside them. Each country’s figure is its own most recent year, between 2022 and 2024.
On economy & innovation
India vs Pakistan 2025: Comparison of Hunger Index, Happiness, HDI, Rule of Law, Literacy & GDP
India and Pakistan on six published measures: hunger, happiness, human development, rule of law, literacy and GDP per capita, each from its own publisher and year.
On economy & innovation
Countries in Asia with the highest average salaries 2024
Thirteen Asian countries by gross average monthly wage, each carrying its WORLD rank rather than an Asian one — so the numbers skip, from 11th place to 45th.
08Questions
Romania on economy & innovation: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Romania rank on economy & innovation?
Romania is placed 43rd of 176 countries on Economy & Innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (GDP per Capita (PPP), Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit, Economic Complexity Index and Account Ownership at a Financial Institution). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest GDP per Capita (PPP) figure for Romania?
40,846 in 2025 (gDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 17,265.
What is the latest Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit figure for Romania?
43.65 in 2025 (firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 35.95.
How does Romania compare with Ukraine on economy & innovation?
Ukraine is placed 83rd of 176, and Romania 43rd. GDP per Capita (PPP): Ukraine 16,155, Romania 40,846; Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit: Ukraine 22.12, Romania 43.65; Economic Complexity Index: Ukraine 0.359, Romania 0.993; Account Ownership at a Financial Institution: Ukraine 87.58, Romania 71.34.
How have Romania’s economy & innovation figures changed?
GDP per Capita (PPP) rose from 14,854 in 2000 to 40,846 in 2025; Economic Complexity Index rose from 0.575 in 2000 to 0.993 in 2024; Account Ownership at a Financial Institution rose from 44.59 in 2011 to 71.34 in 2024.
Which economy & innovation statistics are missing for Romania?
No current reading is published for Romania on Debt Service on External Debt, External Debt Stocks (% of GNI), Interest Payments on External Debt and Tax Revenue (% of GDP). They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
The total size of an economy is deliberately left out: a very large economy spread over a very large population is not doing more for each person. Growth rates, trade shares and the structure of output (how much is farming, industry or services) are published here as context, because they describe an economy's shape rather than how well it serves people. Jobs and wages have their own topic, Work & Labour.
How the Economy & Innovation standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The economy & innovation method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- GDP per Capita (PPP) — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Economic Complexity Index — Growth Lab at Harvard University, CC0 1.0
- Account Ownership at a Financial Institution — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
The other 66 statistics on this page come from 15 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Romania’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Romania (banner) — Madalin Pentelie, CC0
- Austria — chensiyuan, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Japan — JurriaanH, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Germany — dronepicr, CC BY 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Romania: Economy & Innovation — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/romania/economy