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Topic 02 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Serbia: Economy & Innovation
What does an economy do for the people inside it?
Serbia is placed 42nd of 176 countries on economy & innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: GDP per Capita (PPP) 27,603 (2025); Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit 47.08 (2025).
Share
Economy & Innovation
42nd
of 176 countries placed
Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics
- 27,603GDP per Capita (PPP), 2025GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
- 47.08Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit, 2025Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
- 0.763Economic Complexity Index, 2024ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
- 83.25Account Ownership at a Financial Institution, 2024Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Serbia on economy & innovation — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
27,603
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Higher is better
Serbia: 27,603. Across the 185 countries in this edition, values run from 1,067 (Burundi) to 139,593 (Singapore); the world median is 17,265.
- World median
- 17,265
- Best in Southern Europe
- 67,993 Andorra
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 35,326 · Bosnia and Herzegovina 21,178 · Croatia 44,172 · Hungary 41,161 · North Macedonia 25,095 · Montenegro 28,895 · Romania 40,846 · Kosovo 16,461
Key 2 of 4
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2016–2025 · Serbia’s is from 2024 · CC BY 4.0
47.08
Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
Higher is better
Serbia: 47.08. Across the 179 countries at their latest reading, values run from 2.113 (Pakistan) to 88.52 (Israel); the world median is 35.95.
- World median
- 35.95
- Best in Southern Europe
- 73.44 Italy
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 31.41 · Bosnia and Herzegovina 42.95 · Croatia 39.15 · Hungary 57.66 · North Macedonia 46.81 · Montenegro 43.18 · Romania 43.65 · Kosovo 69.65
Key 3 of 4
Economic Complexity Index
Growth Lab at Harvard University
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC0 1.0
0.763
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
Higher is better
Ranked 36th of 145 by Growth Lab at Harvard University
Serbia: 0.763. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from -3.53 (Chad) to 1.729 (Japan); the world median is 0.131.
- World median
- 0.131
- Best in Southern Europe
- 1.277 Slovenia
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 0.785 · Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.662 · Croatia 0.823 · Hungary 1.15 · North Macedonia 0.405 · Romania 0.993
Key 4 of 4
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
World Bank Group
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
83.25
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
Higher is better
Serbia: 83.25. Across the 139 countries in this edition, values run from 14.83 (Niger) to 99.85 (Iceland); the world median is 72.83.
- World median
- 72.83
- Best in Southern Europe
- 98.75 Slovenia
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 84.72 · Bosnia and Herzegovina 77.46 · Croatia 92.64 · Hungary 86.96 · North Macedonia 84.25 · Montenegro 75.41 · Romania 71.34 · Kosovo 64.16
02Over time
Which way Serbia is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
GDP per Capita (PPP)
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) · higher is better
SerbiaWorld median
Serbia rose from 11,106 in 2000 to 27,603 in 2025; the world median went from 10,589 to 17,265.
Every year’s figures
Year Serbia World median 2025 27,603 17,265 2024 26,901 18,108 2023 25,735 17,686 2022 24,652 16,933 2021 23,406 16,260 2020 21,479 15,631 2019 21,541 16,761 2018 20,454 16,349 2017 19,439 16,129 2016 18,889 15,512 2015 18,248 14,857 2014 17,922 14,475 2013 18,163 14,681 2012 17,994 14,631 2011 17,987 13,916 2010 17,841 14,101 2009 17,488 13,655 2008 17,983 14,030 2007 17,028 13,755 2006 15,727 12,983 2005 15,078 12,023 2004 14,194 11,608 2003 13,274 11,183 2002 12,662 11,144 2001 11,879 10,907 2000 11,106 10,589 Economic Complexity Index
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) · higher is better
SerbiaWorld median
Serbia rose from 0.609 in 2006 to 0.763 in 2024; the world median went from 0.074 to 0.131.
Every year’s figures
Year Serbia World median 2024 0.763 0.1310 2023 0.775 0.0710 2022 0.757 0.0580 2021 0.733 0.0010 2020 0.703 0.0470 2019 0.690 0.0300 2018 0.710 -0.0150 2017 0.664 0.0080 2016 0.639 -0.0660 2015 0.631 -0.0600 2014 0.676 -0.0190 2013 0.641 0.0140 2012 0.705 0.0060 2011 0.600 -0.0140 2010 0.656 -0.0020 2009 0.630 0.0990 2008 0.679 0.0700 2007 0.642 -0.0080 2006 0.609 0.0740 2005 — 0.0510 2004 — 0.0505 2003 — 0.0450 2002 — 0.0100 2001 — 0.0470 2000 — 0.0160 Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+) · higher is better
SerbiaWorld median
Serbia rose from 62.22 in 2011 to 83.25 in 2024; the world median went from 37.03 to 72.83.
Every year’s figures
Year Serbia World median 2024 83.3 73 2021 89.4 74 2017 71.4 59 2014 83.1 52 2011 62.2 37
03In context
Serbia beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 176 countries on economy & innovation, never a place within the region.
Serbia and the countries it borders
Standing among all 176; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | GDP per Capita (PPP)GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) | Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of CreditFirms with a bank loan or line of credit (%) | Economic Complexity IndexECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) | Account Ownership at a Financial InstitutionAdults with an account (% of population aged 15+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hungary | 23rd | 41,161 | 57.66 | 1.15 | 86.96 |
 Croatia | 35th | 44,172 | 39.15 | 0.823 | 92.64 |
| Serbia | 42nd | 27,603 | 47.08 | 0.763 | 83.25 |
 Romania | 43rd | 40,846 | 43.65 | 0.993 | 71.34 |
 North Macedonia | 52nd | 25,095 | 46.81 | 0.405 | 84.25 |
 Bulgaria | 55th | 35,326 | 31.41 | 0.785 | 84.72 |
 Kosovo | 60th | 16,461 | 69.65 | — | 64.16 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 61st | 21,178 | 42.95 | 0.662 | 77.46 |
 Montenegro | 62nd | 28,895 | 43.18 | — | 75.41 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Southern Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 176.
Placed either side on economy & innovation
The countries immediately above and below Serbia in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Serbia is ahead of the world, and behind
60 more statistics filed under economy & innovation, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median21
Statistics on which Serbia does better than the middle country measured.
ICT Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 7.47428.097.474▲ Improved since 2014
Serbia: 28.09 · world median 7.474 · ICT services exports (% of services exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 56.25; higher is better.
Position 9th of 118 · derived.
Digitally-Deliverable Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 25.4257.6525.42▲ Improved since 2014
Serbia: 57.65 · world median 25.42 · Digitally-deliverable services exports (% of services exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.377 to 87.15; higher is better.
Position 22nd of 170 · derived.
Government AI Readiness IndexOxford Insights · 2025 · world median 40.1960.9640.19▲ Improved since 2020
Serbia: 60.96 · world median 40.19 · AI readiness score (0–100). Oxford Insights, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 12.12 to 88.36; higher is better.
Ranked 40th of 195 by Oxford Insights.
Firms with an International Quality CertificationWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 10.419.6410.4No earlier reading
Serbia: 19.64 · world median 10.4 · Firms with an internationally recognised quality certification (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 45.77; higher is better.
Researchers per Million InhabitantsUIS · 2024 · world median 701.952,688701.95No earlier reading
Serbia: 2,688 · world median 701.95 · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.446 to 18,130; higher is better.
Position 36th of 145 · derived.
GNI per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 14,27327,04914,273▲ Improved since 2015
Serbia: 27,049 · world median 14,273 · GNI per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1,181 to 116,633; higher is better.
Position 29th of 102 · derived.
Frontier Technology Readiness IndexUNCTAD · 2023 · world median 0.4850.6710.485No real change since 2013
Serbia: 0.671 · world median 0.485 · Frontier Technology Readiness Index (0–1). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1; higher is better.
Position 48th of 170 · derived.
Productive Capacities IndexUNCTAD · 2022 · world median 46.6754.5946.67▲ Improved since 2012
Serbia: 54.59 · world median 46.67 · Productive Capacities Index (1–100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 17.8 to 71.02; higher is better.
Position 57th of 195 · derived.
Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID)Frederick Solt, University of Iowa · 2023 · world median 3330.633▼ Worsened since 2013
Serbia: 30.6 · world median 33 · Gini index of disposable household income (0–100), SWIID estimate. Frederick Solt, University of Iowa, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 22.3 to 51.2; lower is better.
Position 54th of 79 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Share Held by Richest 10%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 26.1824.7326.18▲ Improved since 2013
Serbia: 24.73 · world median 26.18 · Share of national income or consumption held by the richest tenth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 18.79 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 40th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Firms Competing Against Informal FirmsWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 41.8132.7541.81No earlier reading
Serbia: 32.75 · world median 41.81 · Firms competing against unregistered or informal firms (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.926 to 90.5; lower is better.
Position 118th of 181 · derived, 1st = worst.
Average Monthly Earnings of EmployeesILO · 2024 · world median 1,6362,4851,636No real change since 2014
Serbia: 2,485 · world median 1,636 · Average monthly earnings of employees (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 193.28 to 9,307; higher is better.
Position 29th of 75 · derived.
Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 12,80017,19812,800▲ Improved since 2017
Serbia: 17,198 · world median 12,800 · Actual individual consumption per capita (PPP, current international $). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 688.7 to 52,654; higher is better.
Position 67th of 173 · derived.
Global Innovation IndexWorld Intellectual Property Organization · 2025 · world median 28.5231.7428.52▲ Improved since 2022
Serbia: 31.74 · world median 28.52 · GII score (0–100). World Intellectual Property Organization, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 11.94 to 65.96; higher is better.
Ranked 54th of 139 by World Intellectual Property Organization.
Gini IndexWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 33.7232.8233.72▲ Improved since 2013
Serbia: 32.82 · world median 33.72 · Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 23 to 54.58; lower is better.
Position 37th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Palma RatioWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.3321.2591.332▲ Improved since 2013
Serbia: 1.259 · world median 1.332 · Palma ratio (income share of the richest 10% ÷ share of the poorest 40%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.771 to 4.193; lower is better.
Position 37th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Management Practices IndexWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 52.3954.6952.39No earlier reading
Serbia: 54.69 · world median 52.39 · Management practices index, medium and large firms (0–100). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 28.07 to 69.29; higher is better.
Position 67th of 169 · derived.
Historical GDP per Capita (Maddison)GGDC · 2022 · world median 12,89017,09812,890▲ Improved since 2012
Serbia: 17,098 · world median 12,890 · GDP per capita (2011 international $). Maddison Project, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 596.39 to 149,171; higher is better.
Position 68th of 166 · derived.
ICT Goods ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 0.9751.850.975▼ Worsened since 2014
Serbia: 1.85 · world median 0.975 · ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.45; higher is better.
Position 50th of 119 · derived.
Regulatory QualityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.0930.057-0.093No real change since 2015
Serbia: 0.057 · world median -0.093 · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.106 to 2.113; higher is better.
Position 90th of 209 · derived.
Research and Development SpendingUIS · 2023 · world median 0.8140.8780.814▼ Worsened since 2013
Serbia: 0.878 · world median 0.814 · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.006 to 6.346; higher is better.
Position 41st of 84 · derived.
Behind the world median15
Statistics on which Serbia does worse than the middle country measured.
Livestock Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 107.06107.02107.06▼ Worsened since 2012
Serbia: 107.02 · world median 107.06 · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 35.52 to 190.08; higher is better.
Position 98th of 194 · derived.
World Energy Trilemma IndexWorld Energy Council · 2023 · world median 63.863.763.8No earlier reading
Serbia: 63.7 · world median 63.8 · Trilemma score (0–100). World Energy Council, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 27.7 to 83.2; higher is better.
Ranked 49th of 99 by World Energy Council.
New Business DensityWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.1872.1182.187▼ Worsened since 2014
Serbia: 2.118 · world median 2.187 · New limited liability companies registered per 1,000 people aged 15–64. World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 26.76; higher is better.
Logistics Performance IndexWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 2.92.82.9▼ Worsened since 2014
Serbia: 2.8 · world median 2.9 · LPI score (1–5). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 1.9 to 4.3; higher is better.
Ranked 73rd of 139 by World Bank Group.
Comprehensive Wealth per CapitaWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 46,48635,92746,486▲ Improved since 2010
Serbia: 35,927 · world median 46,486 · National comprehensive wealth per person (real chained 2019 US$). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 4,276 to 1,246,092; higher is better.
Position 85th of 150 · derived.
Income Share Held by Lowest 20%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.126.937.12▲ Improved since 2013
Serbia: 6.93 · world median 7.12 · Share of national income held by the poorest fifth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.24 to 11.07; higher is better.
Position 35th of 60 · derived.
Adjusted Net SavingsWorld Bank Group · 2021 · world median 8.3895.6588.389▲ Improved since 2011
Serbia: 5.658 · world median 8.389 · Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from -81.62 to 32.18; higher is better.
Position 73rd of 118 · derived.
Total Factor Productivity LevelGGDC · 2023 · world median 0.6270.4830.627▼ Worsened since 2013
Serbia: 0.483 · world median 0.627 · TFP level at current PPPs (USA = 1). Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.052 to 1.192; higher is better.
Debt Service on External DebtWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 12.9320.9712.93▲ Improved since 2014
Serbia: 20.97 · world median 12.93 · Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.285 to 96.2; lower is better.
Position 33rd of 109 · derived, 1st = worst.
External Debt Stocks (% of GNI)World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 43.9462.2543.94▲ Improved since 2014
Serbia: 62.25 · world median 43.94 · External debt stocks (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 2.213 to 350.57; lower is better.
Position 33rd of 110 · derived, 1st = worst.
Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.17.7316.1▼ Worsened since 2013
Serbia: 7.73 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.
GDP GrowthWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3.3962.033.396No real change since 2015
Serbia: 2.03 · world median 3.396 · GDP growth (annual %). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -5.847 to 19.34; higher is better.
Position 134th of 186 · derived.
Interest Payments on External DebtWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 1.4512.6721.451▲ Improved since 2014
Serbia: 2.672 · world median 1.451 · Interest payments on external debt (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.069 to 17.92; lower is better.
Position 26th of 112 · derived, 1st = worst.
Food Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.0898.37106.08▲ Improved since 2012
Serbia: 98.37 · world median 106.08 · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 71.08 to 177.49; higher is better.
Position 152nd of 195 · derived.
Crop Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.2394.58106.23▲ Improved since 2012
Serbia: 94.58 · world median 106.23 · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 53.79 to 189.93; higher is better.
Position 153rd of 195 · derived.
No better end24
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Complexity Outlook IndexGrowth Lab at Harvard University · 2024 · world median -0.2250.97-0.225Moved since 2014
Serbia: 0.97 · world median -0.225 · Complexity Outlook Index (standardised; roughly −2.5 to +3). Growth Lab at Harvard University, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -1.682 to 2.878.
Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 36.3454.3136.34Moved since 2015
Serbia: 54.31 · world median 36.34 · Exports of goods and services (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.103 to 199.76.
Position 34th of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Statutory Minimum WageILO · 2024 · world median 657.951,259657.95Moved since 2014
Serbia: 1,259 · world median 657.95 · Statutory minimum wage per month (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.038 to 3,804.
Trade (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 79.68112.9279.68Moved since 2015
Serbia: 112.92 · world median 79.68 · Exports plus imports (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.382 to 396.65.
Position 35th of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Foreign Direct Investment InflowsUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 1.9683.971.968No real change since 2015
Serbia: 3.97 · world median 1.968 · FDI inflows (% of GDP). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -32.97 to 2,221.
Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 41.7258.6141.72Moved since 2015
Serbia: 58.61 · world median 41.72 · Imports of goods and services (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.279 to 196.89.
Position 39th of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,24013,0072,240No real change since 2022
Serbia: 13,007 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.
Creative Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 6.17111.346.171Moved since 2014
Serbia: 11.34 · world median 6.171 · Creative services exports (% of services exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.002 to 63.91.
Inflation, GDP DeflatorWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3.3064.4893.306Moved since 2015
Serbia: 4.489 · world median 3.306 · Annual change in the GDP implicit deflator (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -7.93 to 227.09.
Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 9.60217.449.602Moved since 2015
Serbia: 17.44 · world median 9.602 · Services exports (% of GDP). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.085 to 166.21.
General Government ConsumptionWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 16.2118.4716.21Moved since 2015
Serbia: 18.47 · world median 16.21 · General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 5.445 to 38.94.
Position 47th of 132 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Price Level of Household ConsumptionGGDC · 2023 · world median 0.5230.5620.523Moved since 2013
Serbia: 0.562 · world median 0.523 · Price level of household consumption (US output price level in 2021 = 1). Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.177 to 65.54.
Creative Goods ExportsUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 1.2351.6471.235Moved since 2014
Serbia: 1.647 · world median 1.235 · Creative goods exports (% of merchandise exports). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.23.
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 22.9323.3822.93Moved since 2015
Serbia: 23.38 · world median 22.93 · Gross capital formation (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.679 to 45.27.
Position 62nd of 131 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 1.7081.7461.708Moved since 2011
Serbia: 1.746 · world median 1.708 · Natural resources rents (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.03.
Position 97th of 180 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Household ConsumptionWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 62.0462.4462.04Moved since 2015
Serbia: 62.44 · world median 62.04 · Household and NPISH final consumption expenditure (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 25.21 to 133.34.
Position 65th of 131 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Terms of Trade IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 103.23103.45103.23No real change since 2015
Serbia: 103.45 · world median 103.23 · Terms of trade index (2015 = 100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 38.2 to 1,448.
Gross Savings (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 22.0620.6422.06Moved since 2014
Serbia: 20.64 · world median 22.06 · Gross savings (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -21.13 to 47.82.
Position 82nd of 146 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 24.6522.3124.65Moved since 2015
Serbia: 22.31 · world median 24.65 · Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.228 to 75.09.
Position 97th of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6.5723.2856.572Moved since 2015
Serbia: 3.285 · world median 6.572 · Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.025 to 47.59.
Position 107th of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Merchant Fleet by Country of OwnershipUNCTAD · 2026 · world median 275.7346.79275.73Moved since 2016
Serbia: 46.79 · world median 275.73 · Merchant fleet owned (thousand dead-weight tons). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 397,071.
Commodity Export DependenceUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 67.1733.2467.17No real change since 2014
Serbia: 33.24 · world median 67.17 · Commodity exports (% of merchandise exports, three-year average). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.605 to 99.77.
Statutory Corporate Income Tax RateOECD · 2026 · world median 241524No real change since 2016
Serbia: 15 · world median 24 · Combined statutory corporate income tax rate, central and sub-central government (%). OECD, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 36.13.
Export Concentration IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 0.3060.0870.306No real change since 2015
Serbia: 0.087 · world median 0.306 · Export concentration index (0–1, normalised Herfindahl–Hirschman). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.059 to 0.933.
No current reading for Serbia
Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Container Port Traffic, Foreign Value Added Share of Gross Exports, Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) (last 2024), Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Products (last 2021) and Tax Revenue (% of GDP). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Economy & Innovation among Serbia’s 16 topics
Economy & Innovation is Serbia’s 5th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Food & Agriculture1st of 1844/4 keys
- Gender & Equality30th of 1834/4 keys
- Digital & Technologyjoint 34th of 1984/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing41st of 2004/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation42nd of 1764/4 keys
- Development & Human Capitaljoint 58th of 1963/3 keys
- Poverty & Inequalityjoint 49th of 1593/3 keys
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 66th of 1934/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade76th of 1772/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge95th of 1984/4 keys
- Governance & Institutionsjoint 101st of 1944/4 keys
- Work & Labour98th of 1824/4 keys
- Energyjoint 106th of 1653/3 keys
- Democracy & Civil Libertiesjoint 136th of 1984/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability142nd of 1864/4 keys
- Peace & Security142nd of 1774/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on economy & innovation
The three countries placed highest of 176, and the leaders Serbia can most readily be measured against.
1
AustriaWestern Europe
1st of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: chensiyuan · CC BY-SA 4.0, greyscale
2
JapanEastern Asia
2nd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: JurriaanH · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
GermanyWestern Europe
3rd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Austria1st4/4 keysHighest in Southern Europe
Slovenia11th4/4 keysThis page
Serbia42nd4/4 keys
Positions out of 176 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Serbia and economy & innovation
On economy & innovation
China Leads Global High-Technology Exports
The world’s ten largest high-technology exporters as a treemap, with the rest of the world beside them. Each country’s figure is its own most recent year, between 2022 and 2024.
On economy & innovation
India vs Pakistan 2025: Comparison of Hunger Index, Happiness, HDI, Rule of Law, Literacy & GDP
India and Pakistan on six published measures: hunger, happiness, human development, rule of law, literacy and GDP per capita, each from its own publisher and year.
On economy & innovation
Countries in Asia with the highest average salaries 2024
Thirteen Asian countries by gross average monthly wage, each carrying its WORLD rank rather than an Asian one — so the numbers skip, from 11th place to 45th.
08Questions
Serbia on economy & innovation: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Serbia rank on economy & innovation?
Serbia is placed 42nd of 176 countries on Economy & Innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (GDP per Capita (PPP), Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit, Economic Complexity Index and Account Ownership at a Financial Institution). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest GDP per Capita (PPP) figure for Serbia?
27,603 in 2025 (gDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 17,265.
What is the latest Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit figure for Serbia?
47.08 in 2025 (firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 35.95.
How does Serbia compare with Romania on economy & innovation?
Romania is placed 43rd of 176, and Serbia 42nd. GDP per Capita (PPP): Romania 40,846, Serbia 27,603; Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit: Romania 43.65, Serbia 47.08; Economic Complexity Index: Romania 0.993, Serbia 0.763; Account Ownership at a Financial Institution: Romania 71.34, Serbia 83.25.
How have Serbia’s economy & innovation figures changed?
GDP per Capita (PPP) rose from 11,106 in 2000 to 27,603 in 2025; Economic Complexity Index rose from 0.609 in 2006 to 0.763 in 2024; Account Ownership at a Financial Institution rose from 62.22 in 2011 to 83.25 in 2024.
Which economy & innovation statistics are missing for Serbia?
No current reading is published for Serbia on Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Container Port Traffic, Foreign Value Added Share of Gross Exports, Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP), Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Products and Tax Revenue (% of GDP). They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
The total size of an economy is deliberately left out: a very large economy spread over a very large population is not doing more for each person. Growth rates, trade shares and the structure of output (how much is farming, industry or services) are published here as context, because they describe an economy's shape rather than how well it serves people. Jobs and wages have their own topic, Work & Labour.
How the Economy & Innovation standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The economy & innovation method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- GDP per Capita (PPP) — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Economic Complexity Index — Growth Lab at Harvard University, CC0 1.0
- Account Ownership at a Financial Institution — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
The other 60 statistics on this page come from 14 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Serbia’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Serbia (banner) — Lošmi derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Austria — chensiyuan, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Japan — JurriaanH, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Germany — dronepicr, CC BY 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Serbia: Economy & Innovation — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/serbia/economy