Photo: Madalin Pentelie · CC0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 14 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Romania: Poverty & Inequality
How is a country’s income shared, and how many live below a line?
Romania is placed joint 44th of 159 countries on poverty & inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics. Readings behind it: Gini Index 29.83 (2023); Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day 0.25 (2023).
Share
Poverty & Inequality
joint44th
of 159 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 3 key statistics
01The evidence
The 3 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Romania on poverty & inequality — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 3
Gini Index
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Romania’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
29.83
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)
Lower is better
Romania: 29.83. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 23 (India) to 59.07 (Namibia); the world median is 33.72.
- World median
- 33.72
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 23.82 Slovakia
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 39.47 · Hungary 30.58 · Moldova 26.76 · Serbia 32.82 · Ukraine 25.63
Key 2 of 3
Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Romania’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
0.25
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)
Lower is better
Romania: 0.25. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0 (Czechia) to 48.69 (DR Congo); the world median is 0.345.
- World median
- 0.345
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 0 Czechia and Belarus
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 0.42 · Hungary 0.47 · Moldova 0.02 · Serbia 0.48 · Ukraine 0.01
Key 3 of 3
Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
20.1
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%)
Lower is better
Romania: 20.1. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from 0.6 (Belarus) to 93.9 (South Sudan); the world median is 26.4.
- World median
- 26.4
- Best in Eastern Europe
- 0.6 Belarus
- Land neighbours
- Bulgaria 20.7 · Hungary 29.8 · Moldova 11.4 · Serbia 8.5
02Over time
Which way Romania is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Gini Index
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) · lower is better
RomaniaWorld median
Romania fell from 30.23 in 2002 to 29.83 in 2023; the world median went from 37.14 to 33.72.
Every year’s figures
Year Romania World median 2023 29.83 33.72 2022 32.30 33.91 2021 33.85 34.04 2020 34.57 34.18 2019 34.80 33.51 2018 35.76 35.25 2017 36.01 34.86 2016 34.41 34.47 2015 35.91 35.52 2014 36.01 34.79 2013 36.92 36.16 2012 36.55 35.40 2011 35.87 33.96 2010 35.47 33.71 2009 35.56 34.91 2008 36.43 34.60 2007 37.55 34.26 2006 39.64 35.63 2005 29.82 36.28 2004 30.04 34.29 2003 29.91 35.46 2002 30.23 37.14 Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) · lower is better
RomaniaWorld median
Romania fell from 2.1 in 2002 to 0.25 in 2023; the world median went from 3.01 to 0.345.
Every year’s figures
Year Romania World median 2023 0.25 0.345 2022 0.58 0.420 2021 0.92 0.335 2020 0.92 0.280 2019 1.07 0.380 2018 1.32 0.460 2017 1.82 0.300 2016 1.69 0.440 2015 2.60 0.500 2014 3.58 0.635 2013 3.29 0.515 2012 3.18 0.640 2011 2.84 0.430 2010 2.17 0.530 2009 1.47 0.600 2008 2.06 0.350 2007 2.69 0.360 2006 3.84 0.465 2005 0.69 1.250 2004 0.83 0.790 2003 1.43 1.650 2002 2.10 3.010 Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) · lower is better
RomaniaWorld median
Romania fell from 55.9 in 2017 to 20.1 in 2025; the world median went from 32.4 to 26.4.
Every year’s figures
Year Romania World median 2025 20 26.40 2024 21 27.10 2023 23 27.15 2022 28 27.90 2021 31 29.65 2020 36 31.80 2019 43 29.05 2018 50 29.85 2017 56 32.40
03In context
Romania beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 159 countries on poverty & inequality, never a place within the region.
Romania and the countries it borders
Standing among all 159; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Gini IndexGini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) | Poverty Gap at $3.00 a DayPoverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) | Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy DietShare of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ukraine | =3rd | 25.63 | 0.01 | — |
 Moldova | 18th | 26.76 | 0.02 | 11.4 |
| Romania | =44th | 29.83 | 0.25 | 20.1 |
 Serbia | =49th | 32.82 | 0.48 | 8.5 |
 Hungary | 59th | 30.58 | 0.47 | 29.8 |
 Bulgaria | =82nd | 39.47 | 0.42 | 20.7 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Eastern Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 159.
Placed either side on poverty & inequality
The countries immediately above and below Romania in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Romania is ahead of the world, and behind
26 more statistics filed under poverty & inequality, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median19
Statistics on which Romania does better than the middle country measured.
Income Growth of the Poorest 40%World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 1.84114.511.841▲ Improved since 2014
Romania: 14.51 · world median 1.841 · Annualized growth in real income or consumption per person of the bottom 40% (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -4.185 to 14.51; higher is better.
Multidimensional Poverty MeasureWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 4.2520.0134.252No earlier reading
Romania: 0.013 · world median 4.252 · Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.96; lower is better.
Position 155th of 157 · derived, 1st = worst.
Gini Index of Monthly EarningsILO · 2024 · world median 0.3370.2240.337No real change since 2014
Romania: 0.224 · world median 0.337 · Gini index of employees’ monthly earnings (0 = all paid the same, 1 = maximum inequality). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.182 to 0.643; lower is better.
Position 73rd of 75 · derived, 1st = worst.
Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour BenefitsWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 18.6556.7118.65No earlier reading
Romania: 56.71 · world median 18.65 · Benefits received as a share of beneficiaries' total income or consumption (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.455 to 90.86; higher is better.
Income Share Held by Richest 10%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 26.1821.7926.18▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 21.79 · world median 26.18 · Share of national income or consumption held by the richest tenth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 18.79 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 54th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID)Frederick Solt, University of Iowa · 2023 · world median 3327.733▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 27.7 · world median 33 · Gini index of disposable household income (0–100), SWIID estimate. Frederick Solt, University of Iowa, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 22.3 to 51.2; lower is better.
Position 70th of 79 · derived, 1st = worst.
Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 12,80027,50212,800▲ Improved since 2017
Romania: 27,502 · world median 12,800 · Actual individual consumption per capita (PPP, current international $). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 688.7 to 52,654; higher is better.
Position 35th of 173 · derived.
Palma RatioWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.3321.0481.332▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 1.048 · world median 1.332 · Palma ratio (income share of the richest 10% ÷ share of the poorest 40%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.771 to 4.193; lower is better.
Position 47th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Coefficient of Human InequalityUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 17.059.84517.05▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 9.845 · world median 17.05 · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.865 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 126th of 169 · derived, 1st = worst.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6090.7580.609▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 0.758 · world median 0.609 · IHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.226 to 0.923; higher is better.
Position 46th of 169 · derived.
Coefficient of Variation of Habitual Caloric ConsumptionFAO · 2024 · world median 0.250.220.25▼ Worsened since 2014
Romania: 0.22 · world median 0.25 · Coefficient of variation of habitual calorie consumption across the population (standard deviation ÷ mean). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.17 to 0.4; lower is better.
Poverty Headcount at $3.00 a Day, Line-up EstimatesWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.10.682.1▲ Improved since 2014
Romania: 0.68 · world median 2.1 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP, World Bank line-up estimate (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 89.54; lower is better.
Poverty Severity (Squared Poverty Gap) at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.1850.110.185▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 0.11 · world median 0.185 · Squared poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (0–100). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 9.74; lower is better.
Prosperity GapWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.7541.3351.754▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 1.335 · world median 1.754 · Average factor incomes must rise by to reach $28 a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.406 to 12.06; lower is better.
Position 37th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food InsecurityFAO · 2024 · world median 20.915.220.9▲ Improved since 2015
Romania: 15.2 · world median 20.9 · Population in moderate or severe food insecurity (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 88.8; lower is better.
Position 79th of 135 · derived, 1st = worst.
Median Daily Income or Consumption per PersonWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 22.7629.8522.76▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 29.85 · world median 22.76 · Median income or consumption per person, 2021 PPP dollars a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 2.803 to 89.49; higher is better.
Position 26th of 60 · derived.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.930.70.93▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 0.7 · world median 0.93 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 34th of 58 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.825.097.82▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 5.09 · world median 7.82 · Population below $8.30 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.07 to 93.58; lower is better.
Position 32nd of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $4.20 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.341.281.34▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 1.28 · world median 1.34 · Population below $4.20 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 72.3; lower is better.
Position 31st of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Behind the world median4
Statistics on which Romania does worse than the middle country measured.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.4160.413▼ Worsened since 2013
Romania: 0.416 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 87th of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Societal Poverty RateWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 17.217.4717.2▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 17.47 · world median 17.2 · Population below the societal poverty line, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 7 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 29th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Share Held by Lowest 20%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.1277.12▲ Improved since 2013
Romania: 7 · world median 7.12 · Share of national income held by the poorest fifth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.24 to 11.07; higher is better.
Position 33rd of 60 · derived.
Intergenerational Persistence in EducationWorld Bank Group · 2017 · world median 0.4460.6230.446No earlier reading
Romania: 0.623 · world median 0.446 · Correlation between own and parents' years of schooling, born 1980–89 (0–1). World Bank Group, 2017 edition, data for 2017.
Published values in that edition run from 0.123 to 0.66; lower is better.
Position 2nd of 153 · derived, 1st = worst.
No better end3
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health SpendingWorld Bank Group · 2019 · world median 6.8813.426.88No earlier reading
Romania: 13.42 · world median 6.88 · Population in households spending more than 10% of their budget on health out of pocket (%). World Bank Group, 2019 edition, data for 2019.
Published values in that edition run from 0.133 to 31.21.
Poverty Headcount at National Poverty LinesWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 21.81921.8No earlier reading
Romania: 19 · world median 21.8 · Population below the national poverty line (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 82.3.
Cost of a Healthy DietFAO · 2025 · world median 4.554.214.55No real change since 2017
Romania: 4.21 · world median 4.55 · Cost of the cheapest locally available healthy diet, PPP dollars per person per day. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.66 to 8.27.
No current reading for Romania
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, Low Pay Rate, Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 Months, Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion and Working Poverty Rate. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Poverty & Inequality among Romania’s 16 topics
Poverty & Inequality is Romania’s 6th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Food & Agriculturejoint 23rd of 1844/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions43rd of 1944/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation43rd of 1764/4 keys
- Gender & Equality48th of 1834/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital53rd of 1963/3 keys
- Poverty & Inequalityjoint 44th of 1593/3 keys
- Energy46th of 1653/3 keys
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 66th of 1934/4 keys
- Digital & Technologyjoint 68th of 1984/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade66th of 1774/4 keys
- Peace & Security66th of 1774/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Libertiesjoint 79th of 1984/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainabilityjoint 78th of 1864/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing85th of 2003/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge129th of 1983/4 keys
- Work & Labour122nd of 1824/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on poverty & inequality
The three countries placed highest of 159, and the leaders Romania can most readily be measured against.
1
BelarusEastern Europe
1st of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
SloveniaSouthern Europe
2nd of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
=3UkraineEastern Europe
Joint 3rd of 159 · 2 of 3 keys
Photo: uploaded by Chern038 · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Belarus1st3/3 keysThis page
Romania=44th3/3 keys
Positions out of 159 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Questions
Romania on poverty & inequality: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Romania rank on poverty & inequality?
Romania is placed joint 44th of 159 countries on Poverty & Inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics (Gini Index, Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day and Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Gini Index figure for Romania?
29.83 in 2023 (gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 33.72.
What is the latest Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day figure for Romania?
0.25 in 2023 (poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 0.345.
How does Romania compare with Ukraine on poverty & inequality?
Ukraine is placed joint 3rd of 159, and Romania joint 44th. Gini Index: Ukraine 25.63, Romania 29.83; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day: Ukraine 0.01, Romania 0.25.
How have Romania’s poverty & inequality figures changed?
Gini Index fell from 30.23 in 2002 to 29.83 in 2023; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day fell from 2.1 in 2002 to 0.25 in 2023; Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet fell from 55.9 in 2017 to 20.1 in 2025.
Which poverty & inequality statistics are missing for Romania?
No current reading is published for Romania on Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, Low Pay Rate, Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 Months, Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion and Working Poverty Rate. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
08Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
These figures come from household surveys, which most countries run every few years rather than every year. So the subject's standing is read from each country's most recent survey of the last decade, with the year of every reading shown, rather than from one year in which only a minority of countries were surveyed. Two readings decide it — how unequally income is shared and how deep extreme poverty runs — because the other poverty and inequality measures here largely repeat one of those two or repeat average income, which already counts under Economy and Development. Countries with no survey in the last decade have no standing here. What work pays is under Work & Labour; wealth, as opposed to income, has no global source this site is permitted to republish.
How the Poverty & Inequality standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 3 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 3 keys to be placed.
The poverty & inequality method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Gini Index — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
The other 26 statistics on this page come from 6 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Romania’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Romania (banner) — Madalin Pentelie, CC0
- Belarus — zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Slovenia — Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY 3.0
- Ukraine — uploaded by Chern038, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Romania: Poverty & Inequality — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/romania/poverty