Photo: Afghanistan Matters · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 02 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Afghanistan: Economy & Innovation
What does an economy do for the people inside it?
Afghanistan is placed 131st of 176 countries on economy & innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 2 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit 21.54 (2025); Economic Complexity Index -0.818 (2024).
Share
Economy & Innovation
131st
of 176 countries placed
Placed from 2 of 4 key statistics
- —GDP per Capita (PPP), 2025No reading for this country
- 21.54Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit, 2025Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
- -0.818Economic Complexity Index, 2024ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
- —Account Ownership at a Financial Institution, 2024No reading for this country
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Afghanistan on economy & innovation — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
No reading
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Higher is better
World Bank Group publishes no 2025 figure for Afghanistan, so the standing rests on the other keys.
Across the 185 countries in this edition, values run from 1,067 (Burundi) to 139,593 (Singapore); the world median is 17,265.
- World median
- 17,265
- Best in Southern Asia
- 24,401 Maldives
- Land neighbours
- China 25,067 · Iran 16,834 · Pakistan 5,617 · Tajikistan 5,062 · Turkmenistan 19,314 · Uzbekistan 11,623
Key 2 of 4
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2016–2025 · Afghanistan’s is from 2025 · CC BY 4.0
21.54
Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
Higher is better
Afghanistan: 21.54. Across the 179 countries at their latest reading, values run from 2.113 (Pakistan) to 88.52 (Israel); the world median is 35.95.
- World median
- 35.95
- Best in Southern Asia
- 57.85 Nepal
- Land neighbours
- China 29.49 · Pakistan 2.113 · Tajikistan 14.7 · Turkmenistan 13.7 · Uzbekistan 12.26
Key 3 of 4
Economic Complexity Index
Growth Lab at Harvard University
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC0 1.0
-0.818
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
Higher is better
Ranked 108th of 145 by Growth Lab at Harvard University
Afghanistan: -0.818. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from -3.53 (Chad) to 1.729 (Japan); the world median is 0.131.
- World median
- 0.131
- Best in Southern Asia
- 0.705 India
- Land neighbours
- China 1.271 · Iran -0.071 · Pakistan -0.233 · Tajikistan -1.399 · Turkmenistan -1.202 · Uzbekistan 0.22
Key 4 of 4
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
World Bank Group
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
No reading
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
Higher is better
World Bank Group publishes no 2024 figure for Afghanistan, so the standing rests on the other keys.
Across the 139 countries in this edition, values run from 14.83 (Niger) to 99.85 (Iceland); the world median is 72.83.
- World median
- 72.83
- Best in Southern Asia
- 91.06 Iran
- Land neighbours
- China 89.38 · Iran 91.06 · Pakistan 27.3 · Tajikistan 54.52 · Uzbekistan 59.66
02Over time
Which way Afghanistan is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
GDP per Capita (PPP)
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) · higher is better
AfghanistanWorld median
Afghanistan rose from 1,618 in 2000 to 1,964 in 2024; the world median went from 10,589 to 18,108.
Every year’s figures
Year Afghanistan World median 2025 — 17,265 2024 1,964 18,108 2023 1,984 17,686 2022 1,982 16,933 2021 2,144 16,260 2020 2,770 15,631 2019 2,927 16,761 2018 2,902 16,349 2017 2,953 16,129 2016 2,959 15,512 2015 2,968 14,857 2014 3,018 14,475 2013 3,047 14,681 2012 2,985 14,631 2011 2,757 13,916 2010 2,849 14,101 2009 2,565 13,655 2008 2,192 14,030 2007 2,155 13,755 2006 1,930 12,983 2005 1,908 12,023 2004 1,777 11,608 2003 1,816 11,183 2002 1,774 11,144 2001 1,454 10,907 2000 1,618 10,589 Economic Complexity Index
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) · higher is better
AfghanistanWorld median
Afghanistan fell from -0.453 in 2000 to -0.818 in 2024; the world median went from 0.016 to 0.131.
Every year’s figures
Year Afghanistan World median 2024 -0.82 0.1310 2023 -1.28 0.0710 2022 -1.36 0.0580 2021 -1.33 0.0010 2020 -1.15 0.0470 2019 -1.23 0.0300 2018 -1.33 -0.0150 2017 -1.42 0.0080 2016 -1.53 -0.0660 2015 -1.38 -0.0600 2014 -1.03 -0.0190 2013 -0.80 0.0140 2012 -0.77 0.0060 2011 -0.92 -0.0140 2010 -0.16 -0.0020 2009 0.37 0.0990 2008 -0.09 0.0700 2007 -0.74 -0.0080 2006 -0.66 0.0740 2005 0.02 0.0510 2004 -0.32 0.0505 2003 -0.20 0.0450 2002 -0.30 0.0100 2001 -0.12 0.0470 2000 -0.45 0.0160 Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+) · higher is better
AfghanistanWorld median
Afghanistan rose from 9.005 in 2011 to 9.654 in 2021; the world median went from 37.03 to 73.7.
Every year’s figures
Year Afghanistan World median 2024 — 73 2021 9.7 74 2017 14.9 59 2014 10.0 52 2011 9.0 37
03In context
Afghanistan beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 176 countries on economy & innovation, never a place within the region.
Afghanistan and the countries it borders
Standing among all 176; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | GDP per Capita (PPP)GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) | Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of CreditFirms with a bank loan or line of credit (%) | Economic Complexity IndexECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) | Account Ownership at a Financial InstitutionAdults with an account (% of population aged 15+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 China | =46th | 25,067 | 29.49 | 1.271 | 89.38 |
 Iran | =73rd | 16,834 | — | -0.071 | 91.06 |
 Uzbekistan | 118th | 11,623 | 12.26 | 0.22 | 59.66 |
 Turkmenistan | 130th | 19,314 | 13.7 | -1.202 | — |
| Afghanistan | 131st | — | 21.54 | -0.818 | — |
 Tajikistan | 154th | 5,062 | 14.7 | -1.399 | 54.52 |
 Pakistancompare | 159th | 5,617 | 2.113 | -0.233 | 27.3 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Southern Asia
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 176.
Placed either side on economy & innovation
The countries immediately above and below Afghanistan in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Afghanistan is ahead of the world, and behind
21 more statistics filed under economy & innovation, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median2
Statistics on which Afghanistan does better than the middle country measured.
Crop Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.23121.34106.23▲ Improved since 2012
Afghanistan: 121.34 · world median 106.23 · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 53.79 to 189.93; higher is better.
Position 44th of 195 · derived.
Food Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.08111.43106.08▼ Worsened since 2012
Afghanistan: 111.43 · world median 106.08 · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 71.08 to 177.49; higher is better.
Position 79th of 195 · derived.
Behind the world median11
Statistics on which Afghanistan does worse than the middle country measured.
Firms Competing Against Informal FirmsWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 41.8143.7641.81No earlier reading
Afghanistan: 43.76 · world median 41.81 · Firms competing against unregistered or informal firms (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.926 to 90.5; lower is better.
Position 85th of 181 · derived, 1st = worst.
Firms with an International Quality CertificationWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 10.48.50410.4No earlier reading
Afghanistan: 8.504 · world median 10.4 · Firms with an internationally recognised quality certification (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 45.77; higher is better.
Management Practices IndexWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 52.3950.1752.39No earlier reading
Afghanistan: 50.17 · world median 52.39 · Management practices index, medium and large firms (0–100). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 28.07 to 69.29; higher is better.
Position 102nd of 169 · derived.
Livestock Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 107.0695.4107.06▼ Worsened since 2012
Afghanistan: 95.4 · world median 107.06 · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 35.52 to 190.08; higher is better.
Position 157th of 194 · derived.
Productive Capacities IndexUNCTAD · 2022 · world median 46.6725.7546.67▼ Worsened since 2012
Afghanistan: 25.75 · world median 46.67 · Productive Capacities Index (1–100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 17.8 to 71.02; higher is better.
Position 180th of 195 · derived.
Regulatory QualityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.093-1.437-0.093▼ Worsened since 2015
Afghanistan: -1.437 · world median -0.093 · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.106 to 2.113; higher is better.
Position 195th of 209 · derived.
Historical GDP per Capita (Maddison)GGDC · 2022 · world median 12,8901,35812,890▼ Worsened since 2012
Afghanistan: 1,358 · world median 12,890 · GDP per capita (2011 international $). Maddison Project, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 596.39 to 149,171; higher is better.
Position 159th of 166 · derived.
Government AI Readiness IndexOxford Insights · 2025 · world median 40.1915.7240.19No real change since 2020
Afghanistan: 15.72 · world median 40.19 · AI readiness score (0–100). Oxford Insights, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 12.12 to 88.36; higher is better.
Ranked 188th of 195 by Oxford Insights.
Frontier Technology Readiness IndexUNCTAD · 2023 · world median 0.4850.1080.485▼ Worsened since 2013
Afghanistan: 0.108 · world median 0.485 · Frontier Technology Readiness Index (0–1). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1; higher is better.
Position 166th of 170 · derived.
Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.10.6116.1No real change since 2013
Afghanistan: 0.61 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.
Logistics Performance IndexWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 2.91.92.9No real change since 2014
Afghanistan: 1.9 · world median 2.9 · LPI score (1–5). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 1.9 to 4.3; higher is better.
Ranked 139th of 139 by World Bank Group.
No better end8
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Commodity Export DependenceUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 67.1795.2367.17Moved since 2014
Afghanistan: 95.23 · world median 67.17 · Commodity exports (% of merchandise exports, three-year average). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.605 to 99.77.
Export Concentration IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 0.3060.3710.306No real change since 2015
Afghanistan: 0.371 · world median 0.306 · Export concentration index (0–1, normalised Herfindahl–Hirschman). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.059 to 0.933.
Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,2402,6862,240Moved since 2022
Afghanistan: 2,686 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.
Terms of Trade IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 103.2396.75103.23Moved since 2015
Afghanistan: 96.75 · world median 103.23 · Terms of trade index (2015 = 100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 38.2 to 1,448.
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 1.7080.4291.708No real change since 2011
Afghanistan: 0.429 · world median 1.708 · Natural resources rents (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.03.
Position 131st of 180 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Statutory Minimum WageILO · 2024 · world median 657.95393.19657.95Moved since 2014
Afghanistan: 393.19 · world median 657.95 · Statutory minimum wage per month (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.038 to 3,804.
Complexity Outlook IndexGrowth Lab at Harvard University · 2024 · world median -0.225-1.036-0.225Moved since 2014
Afghanistan: -1.036 · world median -0.225 · Complexity Outlook Index (standardised; roughly −2.5 to +3). Growth Lab at Harvard University, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -1.682 to 2.878.
Services ExportsUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 9.6023.3199.602Moved since 2015
Afghanistan: 3.319 · world median 9.602 · Services exports (% of GDP). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.085 to 166.21.
No current reading for Afghanistan
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution (last 2021), Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP), Adjusted Net Savings, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP) (last 2024), Average Monthly Earnings of Employees (last 2020), Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Comprehensive Wealth per Capita, Container Port Traffic, Creative Goods Exports (last 2019), Creative Services Exports (last 2018), Debt Service on External Debt (last 2020), Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports (last 2020), Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP) (last 2024), External Debt Stocks (% of GNI) (last 2023), Foreign Direct Investment Inflows (last 2021), Foreign Value Added Share of Gross Exports, GDP Growth (last 2024), GDP per Capita (PPP) (last 2024), General Government Consumption (last 2024), Gini Index, Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID) (last 2017), Global Innovation Index, GNI per Capita (PPP) (last 2024), Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) (last 2024), Gross Savings (% of GDP) (last 2020), Household Consumption (last 2024), ICT Goods Exports (last 2019), ICT Services Exports (last 2020), Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP) (last 2024), Income Share Held by Lowest 20%, Income Share Held by Richest 10%, Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP) (last 2024), Inflation, GDP Deflator (last 2024), Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), Interest Payments on External Debt (last 2023), Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) (last 2024), Merchant Fleet by Country of Ownership, New Business Density (last 2018), Palma Ratio, Price Level of Household Consumption, Research and Development Spending, Researchers per Million Inhabitants, Statutory Corporate Income Tax Rate, Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Products (last 2018), Tax Revenue (% of GDP), Total Factor Productivity Level, Trade (% of GDP) (last 2024) and World Energy Trilemma Index. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Economy & Innovation among Afghanistan’s 13 topics
Economy & Innovation is Afghanistan’s 3rd best-placed topic of 13. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Energy16th of 1652/3 keys
- Environment & Sustainabilityjoint 97th of 1864/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation131st of 1762/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture155th of 1843/4 keys
- Peace & Securityjoint 160th of 1774/4 keys
- Risk & Resilience178th of 1934/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions179th of 1944/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing190th of 2004/4 keys
- Gender & Equality175th of 1833/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties190th of 1984/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital189th of 1963/3 keys
- Digital & Technology194th of 1983/4 keys
- Work & Labour182nd of 1824/4 keys
No standing on Education & Knowledge, Mobility & Trade, Poverty & Inequality: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.
06The top of the list
Who leads on economy & innovation
The three countries placed highest of 176, and the leaders Afghanistan can most readily be measured against.
1
AustriaWestern Europe
1st of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: chensiyuan · CC BY-SA 4.0, greyscale
2
JapanEastern Asia
2nd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: JurriaanH · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
GermanyWestern Europe
3rd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Asia
Japan2nd4/4 keysHighest in Southern Asia
Bhutan68th2/4 keysThis page
Afghanistan131st2/4 keys
Positions out of 176 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Afghanistan and economy & innovation
On economy & innovation
China Leads Global High-Technology Exports
The world’s ten largest high-technology exporters as a treemap, with the rest of the world beside them. Each country’s figure is its own most recent year, between 2022 and 2024.
On economy & innovation
India vs Pakistan 2025: Comparison of Hunger Index, Happiness, HDI, Rule of Law, Literacy & GDP
India and Pakistan on six published measures: hunger, happiness, human development, rule of law, literacy and GDP per capita, each from its own publisher and year.
On economy & innovation
Countries in Asia with the highest average salaries 2024
Thirteen Asian countries by gross average monthly wage, each carrying its WORLD rank rather than an Asian one — so the numbers skip, from 11th place to 45th.
08Questions
Afghanistan on economy & innovation: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Afghanistan rank on economy & innovation?
Afghanistan is placed 131st of 176 countries on Economy & Innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 2 of its 4 key statistics (Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit and Economic Complexity Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit figure for Afghanistan?
21.54 in 2025 (firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 35.95.
What is the latest Economic Complexity Index figure for Afghanistan?
-0.818 in 2024 (eCI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)), according to Growth Lab at Harvard University. The world median in the same edition was 0.131.
How does Afghanistan compare with China on economy & innovation?
China is placed joint 46th of 176, and Afghanistan 131st. Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit: China 29.49, Afghanistan 21.54; Economic Complexity Index: China 1.271, Afghanistan -0.818.
How have Afghanistan’s economy & innovation figures changed?
GDP per Capita (PPP) rose from 1,618 in 2000 to 1,964 in 2024; Economic Complexity Index fell from -0.453 in 2000 to -0.818 in 2024; Account Ownership at a Financial Institution rose from 9.005 in 2011 to 9.654 in 2021.
Which economy & innovation statistics are missing for Afghanistan?
No current reading is published for Afghanistan on Account Ownership at a Financial Institution, Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP), Adjusted Net Savings, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP), Average Monthly Earnings of Employees, Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Comprehensive Wealth per Capita, Container Port Traffic, Creative Goods Exports, Creative Services Exports, Debt Service on External Debt, Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports, Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP), External Debt Stocks (% of GNI), Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, Foreign Value Added Share of Gross Exports, GDP Growth, GDP per Capita (PPP), General Government Consumption, Gini Index, Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID), Global Innovation Index, GNI per Capita (PPP), Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP), Gross Savings (% of GDP), Household Consumption, ICT Goods Exports, ICT Services Exports, Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP), Income Share Held by Lowest 20%, Income Share Held by Richest 10%, Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP), Inflation, GDP Deflator, Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), Interest Payments on External Debt, Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP), Merchant Fleet by Country of Ownership, New Business Density, Palma Ratio, Price Level of Household Consumption, Research and Development Spending, Researchers per Million Inhabitants, Statutory Corporate Income Tax Rate, Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Products, Tax Revenue (% of GDP), Total Factor Productivity Level, Trade (% of GDP) and World Energy Trilemma Index. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
The total size of an economy is deliberately left out: a very large economy spread over a very large population is not doing more for each person. Growth rates, trade shares and the structure of output (how much is farming, industry or services) are published here as context, because they describe an economy's shape rather than how well it serves people. Jobs and wages have their own topic, Work & Labour.
How the Economy & Innovation standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The economy & innovation method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- GDP per Capita (PPP) — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Economic Complexity Index — Growth Lab at Harvard University, CC0 1.0
- Account Ownership at a Financial Institution — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
The other 21 statistics on this page come from 8 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Afghanistan’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Afghanistan (banner) — Afghanistan Matters, CC BY 2.0
- Austria — chensiyuan, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Japan — JurriaanH, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Germany — dronepicr, CC BY 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Afghanistan: Economy & Innovation — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/afghanistan/economy