Photo: Rastapopulous · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 02 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Turkmenistan: Economy & Innovation
What does an economy do for the people inside it?
Turkmenistan is placed 130th of 176 countries on economy & innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: GDP per Capita (PPP) 19,314 (2025); Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit 13.7 (2025).
Share
Economy & Innovation
130th
of 176 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 4 key statistics
- 19,314GDP per Capita (PPP), 2025GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
- 13.7Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit, 2025Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
- -1.202Economic Complexity Index, 2024ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
- —Account Ownership at a Financial Institution, 2024No reading for this country
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Turkmenistan on economy & innovation — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
19,314
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)
Higher is better
Turkmenistan: 19,314. Across the 185 countries in this edition, values run from 1,067 (Burundi) to 139,593 (Singapore); the world median is 17,265.
- World median
- 17,265
- Best in Central Asia
- 37,851 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- Iran 16,834 · Kazakhstan 37,851 · Uzbekistan 11,623
Key 2 of 4
Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2016–2025 · Turkmenistan’s is from 2024 · CC BY 4.0
13.7
Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)
Higher is better
Turkmenistan: 13.7. Across the 179 countries at their latest reading, values run from 2.113 (Pakistan) to 88.52 (Israel); the world median is 35.95.
- World median
- 35.95
- Best in Central Asia
- 23.86 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- Afghanistan 21.54 · Kazakhstan 23.86 · Uzbekistan 12.26
Key 3 of 4
Economic Complexity Index
Growth Lab at Harvard University
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC0 1.0
-1.202
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)
Higher is better
Ranked 126th of 145 by Growth Lab at Harvard University
Turkmenistan: -1.202. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from -3.53 (Chad) to 1.729 (Japan); the world median is 0.131.
- World median
- 0.131
- Best in Central Asia
- 0.363 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- Afghanistan -0.818 · Iran -0.071 · Kazakhstan 0.363 · Uzbekistan 0.22
Key 4 of 4
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution
World Bank Group
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
No reading
Adults with an account (% of population aged 15+)
Higher is better
World Bank Group publishes no 2024 figure for Turkmenistan, so the standing rests on the other keys.
Across the 139 countries in this edition, values run from 14.83 (Niger) to 99.85 (Iceland); the world median is 72.83.
- World median
- 72.83
- Best in Central Asia
- 87.05 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- Iran 91.06 · Kazakhstan 87.05 · Uzbekistan 59.66
02Over time
Which way Turkmenistan is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
GDP per Capita (PPP)
GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) · higher is better
TurkmenistanWorld median
Turkmenistan rose from 5,064 in 2000 to 19,314 in 2025; the world median went from 10,589 to 17,265.
Every year’s figures
Year Turkmenistan World median 2025 19,314 17,265 2024 18,471 18,108 2023 17,686 17,686 2022 16,944 16,933 2021 16,260 16,260 2020 15,631 15,631 2019 15,081 16,761 2018 14,499 16,349 2017 13,963 16,129 2016 13,420 15,512 2015 12,927 14,857 2014 12,424 14,475 2013 11,516 14,681 2012 10,689 14,631 2011 9,838 13,916 2010 8,759 14,101 2009 8,187 13,655 2008 7,870 14,030 2007 6,994 13,755 2006 6,416 12,983 2005 5,890 12,023 2004 5,310 11,608 2003 5,155 11,183 2002 5,090 11,144 2001 5,179 10,907 2000 5,064 10,589 Economic Complexity Index
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) · higher is better
TurkmenistanWorld median
Turkmenistan was at -1.202 in both 2000 and 2024; the world median went from 0.016 to 0.131.
Every year’s figures
Year Turkmenistan World median 2024 -1.202 0.1310 2023 -1.343 0.0710 2022 -1.386 0.0580 2021 -1.431 0.0010 2020 -1.116 0.0470 2019 -1.267 0.0300 2018 -1.244 -0.0150 2017 -1.551 0.0080 2016 -1.533 -0.0660 2015 -1.888 -0.0600 2014 -1.738 -0.0190 2013 -1.980 0.0140 2012 -2.072 0.0060 2011 -2.223 -0.0140 2010 -1.501 -0.0020 2009 -1.471 0.0990 2008 -1.623 0.0700 2007 -1.625 -0.0080 2006 -1.499 0.0740 2005 -1.280 0.0510 2004 -1.469 0.0505 2003 -1.656 0.0450 2002 -1.375 0.0100 2001 -1.446 0.0470 2000 -1.202 0.0160
03In context
Turkmenistan beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 176 countries on economy & innovation, never a place within the region.
Turkmenistan and the countries it borders
Standing among all 176; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | GDP per Capita (PPP)GDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP) | Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of CreditFirms with a bank loan or line of credit (%) | Economic Complexity IndexECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3) | Account Ownership at a Financial InstitutionAdults with an account (% of population aged 15+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Kazakhstan | 65th | 37,851 | 23.86 | 0.363 | 87.05 |
 Iran | =73rd | 16,834 | — | -0.071 | 91.06 |
 Uzbekistan | 118th | 11,623 | 12.26 | 0.22 | 59.66 |
| Turkmenistan | 130th | 19,314 | 13.7 | -1.202 | — |
 Afghanistan | 131st | — | 21.54 | -0.818 | — |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Central Asia
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 176.
- Kazakhstan65th
Kyrgyzstan106th- Uzbekistan118th
- Turkmenistan130th
Tajikistan154th
Placed either side on economy & innovation
The countries immediately above and below Turkmenistan in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Turkmenistan is ahead of the world, and behind
29 more statistics filed under economy & innovation, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median8
Statistics on which Turkmenistan does better than the middle country measured.
External Debt Stocks (% of GNI)World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 43.945.21743.94▲ Improved since 2014
Turkmenistan: 5.217 · world median 43.94 · External debt stocks (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 2.213 to 350.57; lower is better.
Position 107th of 110 · derived, 1st = worst.
Interest Payments on External DebtWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 1.4510.3151.451▲ Improved since 2014
Turkmenistan: 0.315 · world median 1.451 · Interest payments on external debt (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.069 to 17.92; lower is better.
Position 101st of 112 · derived, 1st = worst.
GDP GrowthWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3.3966.33.396▼ Worsened since 2015
Turkmenistan: 6.3 · world median 3.396 · GDP growth (annual %). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -5.847 to 19.34; higher is better.
Position 28th of 186 · derived.
Firms Competing Against Informal FirmsWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 41.8118.5741.81No earlier reading
Turkmenistan: 18.57 · world median 41.81 · Firms competing against unregistered or informal firms (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.926 to 90.5; lower is better.
Position 151st of 181 · derived, 1st = worst.
Crop Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.23121.16106.23▲ Improved since 2012
Turkmenistan: 121.16 · world median 106.23 · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 53.79 to 189.93; higher is better.
Position 45th of 195 · derived.
Livestock Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 107.06113.98107.06▲ Improved since 2012
Turkmenistan: 113.98 · world median 107.06 · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 35.52 to 190.08; higher is better.
Position 69th of 194 · derived.
Food Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.08112.03106.08▲ Improved since 2012
Turkmenistan: 112.03 · world median 106.08 · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 71.08 to 177.49; higher is better.
Position 73rd of 195 · derived.
Historical GDP per Capita (Maddison)GGDC · 2022 · world median 12,89017,23512,890▼ Worsened since 2012
Turkmenistan: 17,235 · world median 12,890 · GDP per capita (2011 international $). Maddison Project, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 596.39 to 149,171; higher is better.
Position 67th of 166 · derived.
Behind the world median7
Statistics on which Turkmenistan does worse than the middle country measured.
Management Practices IndexWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 52.3951.6852.39No earlier reading
Turkmenistan: 51.68 · world median 52.39 · Management practices index, medium and large firms (0–100). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 28.07 to 69.29; higher is better.
Position 89th of 169 · derived.
Firms with an International Quality CertificationWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 10.47.34210.4No earlier reading
Turkmenistan: 7.342 · world median 10.4 · Firms with an internationally recognised quality certification (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 45.77; higher is better.
Productive Capacities IndexUNCTAD · 2022 · world median 46.6742.3246.67▲ Improved since 2012
Turkmenistan: 42.32 · world median 46.67 · Productive Capacities Index (1–100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 17.8 to 71.02; higher is better.
Position 127th of 195 · derived.
Government AI Readiness IndexOxford Insights · 2025 · world median 40.1922.540.19▼ Worsened since 2022
Turkmenistan: 22.5 · world median 40.19 · AI readiness score (0–100). Oxford Insights, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 12.12 to 88.36; higher is better.
Ranked 159th of 195 by Oxford Insights.
Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.13.0716.1▲ Improved since 2013
Turkmenistan: 3.07 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.
Research and Development SpendingUIS · 2023 · world median 0.8140.090.814▼ Worsened since 2015
Turkmenistan: 0.09 · world median 0.814 · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.006 to 6.346; higher is better.
Position 81st of 84 · derived.
Regulatory QualityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.093-1.88-0.093No real change since 2015
Turkmenistan: -1.88 · world median -0.093 · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.106 to 2.113; higher is better.
Position 205th of 209 · derived.
No better end14
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Export Concentration IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 0.3060.7650.306No real change since 2015
Turkmenistan: 0.765 · world median 0.306 · Export concentration index (0–1, normalised Herfindahl–Hirschman). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.059 to 0.933.
Industry Value Added including Construction (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 24.6535.9724.65Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 35.97 · world median 24.65 · Industry, including construction, value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.228 to 75.09.
Position 23rd of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Terms of Trade IndexUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 103.23136.97103.23Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 136.97 · world median 103.23 · Terms of trade index (2015 = 100). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 38.2 to 1,448.
Inflation, GDP DeflatorWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3.3066.0223.306Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 6.022 · world median 3.306 · Annual change in the GDP implicit deflator (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -7.93 to 227.09.
Commodity Export DependenceUNCTAD · 2024 · world median 67.1788.1667.17Moved since 2014
Turkmenistan: 88.16 · world median 67.17 · Commodity exports (% of merchandise exports, three-year average). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.605 to 99.77.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6.57212.366.572Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 12.36 · world median 6.572 · Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.025 to 47.59.
Position 48th of 158 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Price Level of Household ConsumptionGGDC · 2023 · world median 0.5230.5990.523Moved since 2013
Turkmenistan: 0.599 · world median 0.523 · Price level of household consumption (US output price level in 2021 = 1). Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.177 to 65.54.
Merchant Fleet by Country of OwnershipUNCTAD · 2026 · world median 275.7383.11275.73Moved since 2016
Turkmenistan: 83.11 · world median 275.73 · Merchant fleet owned (thousand dead-weight tons). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 397,071.
Foreign Direct Investment InflowsUNCTAD · 2025 · world median 1.9680.8841.968Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 0.884 · world median 1.968 · FDI inflows (% of GDP). UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -32.97 to 2,221.
Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,240492,240No real change since 2022
Turkmenistan: 49 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.
Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 36.3414.4736.34Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 14.47 · world median 36.34 · Exports of goods and services (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.103 to 199.76.
Position 126th of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Trade (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 79.6828.1779.68Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 28.17 · world median 79.68 · Exports plus imports (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.382 to 396.65.
Position 133rd of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2025 · world median 41.7213.741.72Moved since 2015
Turkmenistan: 13.7 · world median 41.72 · Imports of goods and services (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.279 to 196.89.
Position 135th of 138 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Complexity Outlook IndexGrowth Lab at Harvard University · 2024 · world median -0.225-1.252-0.225No real change since 2014
Turkmenistan: -1.252 · world median -0.225 · Complexity Outlook Index (standardised; roughly −2.5 to +3). Growth Lab at Harvard University, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -1.682 to 2.878.
No current reading for Turkmenistan
Account Ownership at a Financial Institution (last 2017), Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP), Adjusted Net Savings, Average Monthly Earnings of Employees, Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Comprehensive Wealth per Capita, Container Port Traffic, Creative Goods Exports, Creative Services Exports, Debt Service on External Debt (last 1997), Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports, Foreign Value Added Share of Gross Exports, Frontier Technology Readiness Index, General Government Consumption (last 2024), Gini Index, Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID) (last 2005), Global Innovation Index, GNI per Capita (PPP) (last 2021), Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) (last 2009), Gross Savings (% of GDP), Household Consumption (last 2012), ICT Goods Exports (last 2000), ICT Services Exports, Income Share Held by Lowest 20%, Income Share Held by Richest 10%, Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Logistics Performance Index (last 2018), Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) (last 2004), New Business Density, Palma Ratio, Researchers per Million Inhabitants, Services Exports (last 2021), Statutory Corporate Income Tax Rate, Statutory Minimum Wage (last 2021), Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Products (last 2002), Tax Revenue (% of GDP), Total Factor Productivity Level, Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) (last 2019) and World Energy Trilemma Index. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Economy & Innovation among Turkmenistan’s 14 topics
Economy & Innovation is Turkmenistan’s 8th best-placed topic of 14. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 48th of 1933/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital73rd of 1963/3 keys
- Peace & Security80th of 1773/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing123rd of 2003/4 keys
- Education & Knowledge126th of 1984/4 keys
- Food & Agriculturejoint 122nd of 1844/4 keys
- Work & Labour123rd of 1824/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation130th of 1763/4 keys
- Digital & Technology172nd of 1983/4 keys
- Gender & Equality172nd of 1832/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability179th of 1863/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions188th of 1944/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties194th of 1984/4 keys
- Energy165th of 1652/3 keys
No standing on Mobility & Trade, Poverty & Inequality: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.
06The top of the list
Who leads on economy & innovation
The three countries placed highest of 176, and the leaders Turkmenistan can most readily be measured against.
1
AustriaWestern Europe
1st of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: chensiyuan · CC BY-SA 4.0, greyscale
2
JapanEastern Asia
2nd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: JurriaanH · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
GermanyWestern Europe
3rd of 176 · 4 of 4 keys
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Asia
Japan2nd4/4 keysHighest in Central Asia
Kazakhstan65th4/4 keysThis page
Turkmenistan130th3/4 keys
Positions out of 176 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Turkmenistan and economy & innovation
On economy & innovation
China Leads Global High-Technology Exports
The world’s ten largest high-technology exporters as a treemap, with the rest of the world beside them. Each country’s figure is its own most recent year, between 2022 and 2024.
On economy & innovation
India vs Pakistan 2025: Comparison of Hunger Index, Happiness, HDI, Rule of Law, Literacy & GDP
India and Pakistan on six published measures: hunger, happiness, human development, rule of law, literacy and GDP per capita, each from its own publisher and year.
On economy & innovation
Countries in Asia with the highest average salaries 2024
Thirteen Asian countries by gross average monthly wage, each carrying its WORLD rank rather than an Asian one — so the numbers skip, from 11th place to 45th.
08Questions
Turkmenistan on economy & innovation: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Turkmenistan rank on economy & innovation?
Turkmenistan is placed 130th of 176 countries on Economy & Innovation in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics (GDP per Capita (PPP), Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit and Economic Complexity Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest GDP per Capita (PPP) figure for Turkmenistan?
19,314 in 2025 (gDP per capita (constant 2021 international $, PPP)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 17,265.
What is the latest Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit figure for Turkmenistan?
13.7 in 2025 (firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 35.95.
How does Turkmenistan compare with Iran on economy & innovation?
Iran is placed joint 73rd of 176, and Turkmenistan 130th. GDP per Capita (PPP): Iran 16,834, Turkmenistan 19,314; Economic Complexity Index: Iran -0.071, Turkmenistan -1.202.
How have Turkmenistan’s economy & innovation figures changed?
GDP per Capita (PPP) rose from 5,064 in 2000 to 19,314 in 2025; Economic Complexity Index was -1.202 in both 2000 and 2024.
Which economy & innovation statistics are missing for Turkmenistan?
No current reading is published for Turkmenistan on Account Ownership at a Financial Institution, Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP), Adjusted Net Savings, Average Monthly Earnings of Employees, Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Comprehensive Wealth per Capita, Container Port Traffic, Creative Goods Exports, Creative Services Exports, Debt Service on External Debt, Digitally-Deliverable Services Exports, Foreign Value Added Share of Gross Exports, Frontier Technology Readiness Index, General Government Consumption, Gini Index, Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID), Global Innovation Index, GNI per Capita (PPP), Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP), Gross Savings (% of GDP), Household Consumption, ICT Goods Exports, ICT Services Exports, Income Share Held by Lowest 20%, Income Share Held by Richest 10%, Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Logistics Performance Index, Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP), New Business Density, Palma Ratio, Researchers per Million Inhabitants, Services Exports, Statutory Corporate Income Tax Rate, Statutory Minimum Wage, Tariff Rate, Applied, Weighted Mean, All Products, Tax Revenue (% of GDP), Total Factor Productivity Level, Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) and World Energy Trilemma Index. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
The total size of an economy is deliberately left out: a very large economy spread over a very large population is not doing more for each person. Growth rates, trade shares and the structure of output (how much is farming, industry or services) are published here as context, because they describe an economy's shape rather than how well it serves people. Jobs and wages have their own topic, Work & Labour.
How the Economy & Innovation standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The economy & innovation method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- GDP per Capita (PPP) — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Firms with a Bank Loan or Line of Credit — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Economic Complexity Index — Growth Lab at Harvard University, CC0 1.0
- Account Ownership at a Financial Institution — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
The other 29 statistics on this page come from 9 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Turkmenistan’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Turkmenistan (banner) — Rastapopulous, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Austria — chensiyuan, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Japan — JurriaanH, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Germany — dronepicr, CC BY 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Turkmenistan: Economy & Innovation — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/turkmenistan/economy