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Data for 2023

Temperature Change on Land, 2023

2023, as FAO’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

This is how much warmer — or, occasionally, colder — a country's land surface was over a year than its own average for 1951–1980, in degrees Celsius. FAO calculates it for every country from NASA's global surface temperature record, which makes it the plainest country-by-country measure of how far the climate has already moved.

Temperature Change on Land, 2023 covers 191 countries on 2 measures. Switzerland is highest, at 2.796; Djibouti is lowest, at 0.366. The middle country reads 1.667. Against 2022, 190 values changed (148 up, 42 down), 2 left.

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Temperature Change on Land · Data for 2023

HighestSwitzerland

2.796

LowestDjibouti

0.366

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Temperature Change on Land, 2023, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

Showing 25 of 191 countries · select a heading to sort

Temperature Change on Land, 2023: every country, as published by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe2.7960.458
MoldovaMDAEastern Europe2.7810.733
AndorraANDSouthern Europe2.7680.417
UkraineUKREastern Europe2.6850.795
LiechtensteinLIEWestern Europe2.6840.466
BulgariaBGREastern Europe2.6730.573
RomaniaROUEastern Europe2.6590.634
BelarusBLREastern Europe2.6450.869
KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia2.6310.801
SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe2.6060.594
AustriaAUTWestern Europe2.6040.529
LuxembourgLUXWestern Europe2.5970.601
FranceFRAWestern Europe2.5870.427
HungaryHUNEastern Europe2.5750.630
SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe2.5680.523
SpainESPSouthern Europe2.5650.402
Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa2.5410.422
CzechiaCZEEastern Europe2.5360.630
MoroccoMARNorthern Africa2.5240.521
RussiaRUSEastern Europe2.5050.586
CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe2.4860.487
PortugalPRTSouthern Europe2.4820.440
SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe2.4680.652
GermanyDEUWestern Europe2.4610.613
PolandPOLEastern Europe2.4560.777

02In 2023

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

  1. Switzerland2.796
  2. Moldova2.781
  3. Andorra2.768
  4. Ukraine2.685
  5. Liechtenstein2.684

Lowest

  1. Djibouti0.366
  2. Solomon Islands0.436
  3. Papua New Guinea0.529
  4. Iceland0.597
  5. Maldives0.723

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 1.667. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

  • Standard deviation of the 1951–1980 baseline (°C)

    HighestFinland0.986

    LowestIndonesia0.153

    Middle country: 0.321

032022 → 2023

Since 2022

  • +0 / −2countries joined / left
  • 190values changed, of 191 in both
  • 148 · 42rose · fell
  • 1unchanged

Rose most

Fell most

− Barbados− Eritrea

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

  • One year of the 2026 release

    Every year in this series comes from FAO’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 2023.

  • 181 distinct values among 191

    Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 1.281. Countries sharing a value share a position too.

  • Nothing missing

    Every one of the 191 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

Licence in full

What this site changed: Reshaped to one row per country, with its ISO code; no value recalculated, rescaled or rounded. In full

Licence: CC BY 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2023). Temperature Change on Land, 2023 [data set], describing 2023. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/temperature-change/2023

0665 held

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