Data for 1991
Mean Years of Schooling, 1991
1991, as UNDP Human Development Report Office’s 2025 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten
Mean Years of Schooling, 1991 covers 152 countries. United States is highest, at 13.0275; Yemen is lowest, at 0.4033. The middle country reads 6.0854. Against 1990, 152 values changed (147 up, 5 down), the same countries are covered.
Mean Years of Schooling · Data for 1991
HighestUnited States
13.0275LowestYemen
0.4033Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.
01Position · derived
The table
Every country and every column of Mean Years of Schooling, 1991, as published. UNDP Human Development Report Office ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.
Showing 25 of 152 countries · select a heading to sort
| derived | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | USANorthern America | 13.0275 |
| 2 | NORNorthern Europe | 11.7471 |
| 3 | JPNEastern Asia | 11.6845 |
| 4 | DNKNorthern Europe | 11.5000 |
| 5 | AUSAustralia and New Zealand | 11.2474 |
| 6 | NLDWestern Europe | 11.1651 |
| 7 | CANNorthern America | 10.9200 |
| 8 | ISLNorthern Europe | 10.6243 |
| 9 | DEUWestern Europe | 10.5739 |
| 10 | CHEWestern Europe | 10.5240 |
| 11 | NZLAustralia and New Zealand | 10.4000 |
| 12 | LIEWestern Europe | 10.3304 |
| 13 | AUTWestern Europe | 10.2900 |
| 14 | WSMPolynesia | 10.1979 |
| 15 | BHSCaribbean | 10.1130 |
| 16 | ISRWestern Asia | 9.9658 |
| 17 | ESTNorthern Europe | 9.9038 |
| 18 | POLEastern Europe | 9.8553 |
| 19 | ARMWestern Asia | 9.8533 |
| 20 | RUSEastern Europe | 9.8419 |
| 21 | GBRNorthern Europe | 9.7258 |
| 22 | SWENorthern Europe | 9.7100 |
| 23 | HUNEastern Europe | 9.5491 |
| 24 | BELWestern Europe | 9.5452 |
| 25 | TJKCentral Asia | 9.4954 |
| 26 | LVANorthern Europe | 9.4797 |
| 27 | UKREastern Europe | 9.4618 |
| 28 | KOREastern Asia | 9.4160 |
| 29 | FINNorthern Europe | 9.4038 |
| 30 | LTUNorthern Europe | 9.3339 |
| 31 | TONPolynesia | 9.3048 |
| 32 | CZEEastern Europe | 9.2900 |
| 33 | KGZCentral Asia | 9.2871 |
| 34 | IRLNorthern Europe | 9.2700 |
| 35 | MDAEastern Europe | 9.2508 |
| 36 | LUXWestern Europe | 8.9900 |
| 37 | CUBCaribbean | 8.9408 |
| 38 | HKGEastern Asia | 8.8500 |
| 39 | LKASouthern Asia | 8.7133 |
| 40 | ROUEastern Europe | 8.5921 |
| 41 | MNGEastern Asia | 8.5146 |
| 42 | BRBCaribbean | 8.4991 |
| 43 | CHLSouth America | 8.4642 |
| 44 | CYPWestern Asia | 8.4505 |
| 45 | SMRSouthern Europe | 8.2129 |
| 46 | ARGSouth America | 8.1900 |
| 47 | GRCSouthern Europe | 7.9400 |
| 48 | PERSouth America | 7.8331 |
| 49 | SGPSouth-eastern Asia | 7.7680 |
| 50 | FRAWestern Europe | 7.7421 |
| 51 | KAZCentral Asia | 7.7285 |
| 52 | BRNSouth-eastern Asia | 7.6200 |
| 53 | ITASouthern Europe | 7.5687 |
| 54 | SVNSouthern Europe | 7.5100 |
| 55 | PANCentral America | 7.4570 |
| 56 | TTOCaribbean | 7.4194 |
| 57 | ALBSouthern Europe | 7.3497 |
| 58 | TUVPolynesia | 7.2400 |
| 59 | PHLSouth-eastern Asia | 7.2190 |
| 60 | URYSouth America | 7.1930 |
| 61 | SVKEastern Europe | 7.1600 |
| 62 | BGREastern Europe | 7.0848 |
| 63 | ZAFSouthern Africa | 7.0568 |
| 64 | CRICentral America | 6.8996 |
| 65 | HRVSouthern Europe | 6.8600 |
| 66 | FJIMelanesia | 6.8228 |
| 67 | ECUSouth America | 6.8071 |
| 68 | JAMCaribbean | 6.7700 |
| 69 | LCACaribbean | 6.6500 |
| 70 | MLTSouthern Europe | 6.5733 |
| 71 | QATWestern Asia | 6.5456 |
| 72 | SRBSouthern Europe | 6.4354 |
| 73 | COLSouth America | 6.3976 |
| 74 | MYSSouth-eastern Asia | 6.3413 |
| 75 | SWZSouthern Africa | 6.2587 |
| 76 | BOLSouth America | 6.1008 |
| 77 | ESPSouthern Europe | 6.0700 |
| 78 | AREWestern Asia | 6.0567 |
| 79 | COGMiddle Africa | 6.0397 |
| 80 | IRNSouthern Asia | 6.0215 |
| 81 | MEXCentral America | 6.0210 |
| 82 | MUSEastern Africa | 5.9040 |
| 83 | PRYSouth America | 5.8464 |
| 84 | BWASouthern Africa | 5.7580 |
| 85 | NAMSouthern Africa | 5.7100 |
| 86 | KWTWestern Asia | 5.6761 |
| 87 | SAUWestern Asia | 5.6755 |
| 88 | NICCentral America | 5.6421 |
| 89 | BLZCentral America | 5.6200 |
| 90 | VENSouth America | 5.5882 |
| 91 | EGYNorthern Africa | 5.4659 |
| 92 | PRTSouthern Europe | 5.4400 |
| 93 | DOMCaribbean | 5.3975 |
| 94 | BHRWestern Asia | 5.3900 |
| 95 | GUYSouth America | 5.3414 |
| 96 | JORWestern Asia | 5.2833 |
| 97 | ZWEEastern Africa | 5.1713 |
| 98 | IRQWestern Asia | 4.9389 |
| 99 | MKDSouthern Europe | 4.7794 |
| 100 | THASouth-eastern Asia | 4.6281 |
| 101 | ZMBEastern Africa | 4.5710 |
| 102 | TURWestern Asia | 4.5121 |
| 103 | GABMiddle Africa | 4.5000 |
| 104 | CHNEastern Asia | 4.3380 |
| 105 | GHAWestern Africa | 4.3109 |
| 106 | VNMSouth-eastern Asia | 4.2360 |
| 107 | LSOSouthern Africa | 4.1956 |
| 108 | STPMiddle Africa | 4.1499 |
| 109 | DZANorthern Africa | 4.1002 |
| 110 | KENEastern Africa | 4.0072 |
| 111 | LBYNorthern Africa | 3.9860 |
| 112 | HNDCentral America | 3.9437 |
| 113 | SYRWestern Asia | 3.8800 |
| 114 | SLVCentral America | 3.8481 |
| 115 | BRASouth America | 3.8310 |
| 116 | CODMiddle Africa | 3.7254 |
| 117 | TUNNorthern Africa | 3.6054 |
| 118 | IDNSouth-eastern Asia | 3.4931 |
| 119 | LAOSouth-eastern Asia | 3.4702 |
| 120 | TZAEastern Africa | 3.4226 |
| 121 | BGDSouthern Asia | 3.4016 |
| 122 | GTMCentral America | 3.2698 |
| 123 | UGAEastern Africa | 3.2500 |
| 124 | NGAWestern Africa | 2.9281 |
| 125 | INDSouthern Asia | 2.8839 |
| 126 | KHMSouth-eastern Asia | 2.8721 |
| 127 | HTICaribbean | 2.7818 |
| 128 | LBRWestern Africa | 2.7507 |
| 129 | NPLSouthern Asia | 2.5212 |
| 130 | PNGMelanesia | 2.5184 |
| 131 | PAKSouthern Asia | 2.4161 |
| 132 | TGOWestern Africa | 2.4008 |
| 133 | MRTWestern Africa | 2.3439 |
| 134 | MWIEastern Africa | 2.3268 |
| 135 | MMRSouth-eastern Asia | 2.2720 |
| 136 | CMRMiddle Africa | 2.2211 |
| 137 | MARNorthern Africa | 2.2200 |
| 138 | CIVWestern Africa | 2.0598 |
| 139 | SLEWestern Africa | 1.9969 |
| 140 | SENWestern Africa | 1.9722 |
| 141 | RWAEastern Africa | 1.9499 |
| 142 | CAFMiddle Africa | 1.9349 |
| 143 | SDNNorthern Africa | 1.5940 |
| 144 | MOZEastern Africa | 1.5883 |
| 145 | BENWestern Africa | 1.5293 |
| 146 | GMBWestern Africa | 1.5212 |
| 147 | BDIEastern Africa | 1.5139 |
| 148 | GINWestern Africa | 1.3253 |
| 149 | AFGSouthern Asia | 0.9153 |
| 150 | MLIWestern Africa | 0.8818 |
| 151 | NERWestern Africa | 0.7683 |
| 152 | YEMWestern Asia | 0.4033 |
02In 1991
At either end
The 5 countries at each end of the headline.
Highest
- 1
United States13.0275
- 2
Norway11.7471
- 3
Japan11.6845
- 4
Denmark11.5000
- 5
Australia11.2474
Lowest
- 152
Yemen0.4033
- 151
Niger0.7683
- 150
Mali0.8818
- 149
Afghanistan0.9153
- 148
Guinea1.3253
A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 6.0854. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.
031990 → 1991
Since 1990
What changed between 1990 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.
- +0 / −0countries joined / left
- 152values changed, of 152 in both
- 147 · 5rose · fell
- 0unchanged
Rose most
South Africa6.6996 → 7.0568+0.3572
Latvia9.1575 → 9.4797+0.3222
Slovenia7.1918 → 7.5100+0.3182
United Arab Emirates5.7581 → 6.0567+0.2986
Slovakia6.8629 → 7.1600+0.2971
Fell most
Eswatini6.2905 → 6.2587−0.0318
Senegal1.9976 → 1.9722−0.0254
Mozambique1.5998 → 1.5883−0.0116
Switzerland10.5343 → 10.5240−0.0103
Albania7.3516 → 7.3497−0.0019
Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.
04Caveats
Read before you use
What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.
One year of the 2025 release
Every year in this series comes from UNDP Human Development Report Office’s 2025 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.
The position is ours
UNDP Human Development Report Office publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 152 countries has every column.
05The files
Download and cite
The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.
- .csv
For a spreadsheet or code
152 rows · 5.3 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download mean-years-schooling-1991-nations-inquiry.csv - ↗
The publisher’s original
UNDP Human Development Report Office’s own file, on its own site.
HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv
What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.
Licence: CC BY 3.0 IGO · what it allows, in plain words
Cite this edition
UNDP Human Development Report Office (1991). Mean Years of Schooling, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/mean-years-schooling/1991
0634 held
Other years
‹ The year before
Mean Years of Schooling, 1990152 countries
The year after ›
Mean Years of Schooling, 1992152 countries
All of them
Mean Years of Schooling: every year34 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country
07Questions
Mean Years of Schooling, 1991: questions and answers
Which country has the highest mean years of schooling in Mean Years of Schooling, 1991?
United States, at 13.0275, of the 152 countries in the file.
What year does Mean Years of Schooling, 1991 describe?
1991.
How many countries does Mean Years of Schooling, 1991 cover?
152.
Where can I download Mean Years of Schooling, 1991?
On this page, as a CSV file holding every value exactly as published, or from the publisher’s own site, linked below.
Is Mean Years of Schooling, 1991 the newest?
No. The newest held here is Mean Years of Schooling, 2023.