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A view of Lesotho

Photo: User:Kentstander derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 2.5 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale

Environment & Sustainability

joint22nd

of 186 countries placed

Placed from 2 of 4 key statistics

01The evidence

The 4 key statistics that decide it

Only these place Lesotho on environment & sustainability — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.

Why these keys
  1. Key 1 of 4

    CO₂ Emissions per Capita

    Global Carbon Project

    Why it is a key

    2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0

    1.1

    Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)

    Lower is better

    Lesotho: 1.1. Across the 210 countries in this edition, values run from 0.054 (DR Congo) to 41.27 (Qatar); the world median is 3.21.

    World median
    3.21
    Best in Southern Africa
    0.841 Eswatini
    Land neighbours
    South Africa 6.872
  2. Key 2 of 4

    Water Stress

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Why it is a key

    2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 4.0

    2.57

    Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)

    Lower is better

    Lesotho: 2.57. Across the 177 countries in this edition, values run from 0.03 (Republic of the Congo) to 3,851 (Kuwait); the world median is 10.

    World median
    10
    Best in Southern Africa
    0.31 Namibia
    Land neighbours
    South Africa 67.6
  3. Key 3 of 4

    Organic Agricultural Area

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Why it is a key

    2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0

    No reading

    Organic share of agricultural land (%)

    Higher is better

    FAO publishes no 2024 figure for Lesotho, so the standing rests on the other keys.

    Across the 156 countries in this edition, values run from 0 (Afghanistan) to 86.38 (Samoa); the world median is 0.725.

    World median
    0.725
    Best in Southern Africa
    0.63 Eswatini
    Land neighbours
    South Africa 0.03
  4. Key 4 of 4

    Ecological Footprint

    Global Footprint Network

    Why it is a key

    2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    No reading

    Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)

    Lower is better

    Global Footprint Network publishes no 2025 figure for Lesotho, so the standing rests on the other keys.

    Across the 126 countries in this edition, values run from 0.514 (Yemen) to 11.73 (Qatar); the world median is 2.296.

    World median
    2.296
    Best in Southern Africa
    1.822 Eswatini
    Land neighbours
    South Africa 2.56

03In context

Lesotho beside its neighbours

A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 186 countries on environment & sustainability, never a place within the region.

Southern Africa
1st186thNot placed · 38 countries with too few key statisticsNo data

The whole world on environment & sustainability

Lesotho and the countries it borders

Standing among all 186; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.

CountryStandingCO₂ Emissions per CapitaFossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)Water StressFreshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)Organic Agricultural AreaOrganic share of agricultural land (%)Ecological FootprintEcological Footprint (global hectares per person)
Lesotho=22nd1.12.57——
South Africa172nd6.87267.60.032.56

“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is

Across Southern Africa

Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 186.

Placed either side on environment & sustainability

The countries immediately above and below Lesotho in the topic’s list.

04Context, no vote

Where Lesotho is ahead of the world, and behind

34 more statistics filed under environment & sustainability, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.

Every country

Ahead of the world median3

Statistics on which Lesotho does better than the middle country measured.

  • World Risk IndexInstitute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum · 2025 · world median 4.171.41▼ Worsened since 2015

    Lesotho: 1.41 · world median 4.17 · WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk). Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.18 to 46.56; lower is better.

    Position 167th of 193 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.140.78▼ Worsened since 2013

    Lesotho: 40.78 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Energy Intensity of GDP (PPP)EIA · 2024 · world median 2.7382.347▼ Worsened since 2014

    Lesotho: 2.347 · world median 2.738 · Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.666 to 17.45; lower is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

Behind the world median9

Statistics on which Lesotho does worse than the middle country measured.

  • Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per CapitaFAO · 2022 · world median 2,5282,288▼ Worsened since 2012

    Lesotho: 2,288 · world median 2,528 · Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 445,023; higher is better.

    Position 98th of 181 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Forest Area within Legally Established Protected AreasFAO · 2025 · world median 18.1814.48▼ Worsened since 2015

    Lesotho: 14.48 · world median 18.18 · Forest within legally established protected areas, as a share of the country's 2015 forest area (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Children's Climate Risk IndexUNICEF · 2020 · world median 55.4No earlier reading

    Lesotho: 5.4 · world median 5 · Children's Climate Risk Index (0–10, higher is more risk). UNICEF, 2021 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 8.7; lower is better.

    Ranked 61st of 163 by UNICEF (1st = worst).

    Chart and every countryThe 2021 dataset

  • Baseline Water Stress (Aqueduct)WRI · 2019 · world median 1.6632.95No earlier reading

    Lesotho: 2.95 · world median 1.663 · Baseline water stress score (0–5). World Resources Institute (WRI), 2023 edition, data for 2019.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 5; lower is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Climate Vulnerability (ND-GAIN)Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · world median 0.450.507No real change since 2014

    Lesotho: 0.507 · world median 0.45 · ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable). Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.263 to 0.655; lower is better.

    Ranked 142nd of 190 by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • ND-GAIN Country IndexNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · world median 47.4438.38▼ Worsened since 2014

    Lesotho: 38.38 · world median 47.44 · ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt). Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 26.42 to 71.85; higher is better.

    Ranked 151st of 190 by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Agricultural Emissions IntensityFAO · 2023 · world median 1.5656.3No real change since 2013

    Lesotho: 6.3 · world median 1.565 · Greenhouse gases from farming per value of agricultural output (kg CO₂eq per international dollar). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 28.2; lower is better.

    Position 12th of 190 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • PM2.5 Air Pollution ExposureAtmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis · 2023 · world median 14.4561.2No real change since 2013

    Lesotho: 61.2 · world median 14.45 · Population-weighted PM2.5 concentration (µg/m³). Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.5 to 68.2; lower is better.

    Position 3rd of 220 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)FAO · 2024 · world median 3.141.71No real change since 2015

    Lesotho: 1.71 · world median 3.14 · Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.67 to 4.57; higher is better.

    Position 184th of 186 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

Level with the median, or no median to compare1

  • Annual Forest Area Change RateFAO · 2025 · world median 00No real change since 2015

    Lesotho: 0 · world median 0 · Compound annual change in forest area over the interval ending that year (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from -3.29 to 12.3; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

No better end21

These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.

  • Agricultural LandFAO · 2023 · world median 37.9677.76No real change since 2013

    Lesotho: 77.76 · world median 37.96 · Agricultural land (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.445 to 86.48.

    Position 8th of 209 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Pesticide Use per HectareFAO · 2024 · world median 1.733.44Moved since 2014

    Lesotho: 3.44 · world median 1.73 · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.72.

    Position 66th of 178 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 1.7084.318Moved since 2011

    Lesotho: 4.318 · world median 1.708 · Natural resources rents (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.03.

    Position 74th of 180 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2021 dataset

  • Arable Land per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 0.1090.154Moved since 2013

    Lesotho: 0.154 · world median 0.109 · Arable land (hectares per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1.459.

    Position 79th of 206 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Burned AreaGWIS · 2025 · world median 13,82433,122No real change since 2015

    Lesotho: 33,122 · world median 13,824 · Burned area (hectares). European Commission Joint Research Centre — Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 50,562,035.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Solar Electricity Installed CapacityEIA · 2024 · world median 0.1440.029Moved since 2014

    Lesotho: 0.029 · world median 0.144 · Solar generating capacity installed (gigawatts). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 886.66.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Land Under Cereal ProductionFAO · 2023 · world median 689,278177,933Moved since 2013

    Lesotho: 177,933 · world median 689,278 · Land under cereal production (hectares). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 103,715,108.

    Position 124th of 179 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Methane EmissionsEDGAR · 2025 · world median 325.6964.58No real change since 2015

    Lesotho: 64.58 · world median 325.69 · Methane emissions (gigagrams of CH₄). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EDGAR), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.048 to 51,093.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Agricultural EmissionsFAO · 2023 · world median 8,6351,226No real change since 2013

    Lesotho: 1,226 · world median 8,635 · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,044,508.

    Position 144th of 193 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Cropland Nitrogen BalanceFAO · 2023 · world median 37.6311.76Moved since 2013

    Lesotho: 11.76 · world median 37.63 · Nitrogen surplus (+) or deficit (−) on cropland, kg per hectare. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from -555.52 to 1,199.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Tree Cover LossWorld Resources Institute — Global Forest Watch (data: University of Maryland) · 2025 · world median 3,7755.592Moved since 2015

    Lesotho: 5.592 · world median 3,775 · Tree cover loss (hectares, where canopy cover exceeded 30% in 2000). World Resources Institute — Global Forest Watch (data: University of Maryland), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 6,225,187.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Meat Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 57.8318.79No real change since 2013

    Lesotho: 18.79 · world median 57.83 · Meat available as food (kg per person per year, carcass weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 3.49 to 156.95.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Water Withdrawal by SectorFAO · 2022 · world median 62.148.676No real change since 2012

    Lesotho: 8.676 · world median 62.14 · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 99.48.

    Position 144th of 171 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Livestock DensityFAO · 2023 · world median 0.5350.21Moved since 2013

    Lesotho: 0.21 · world median 0.535 · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 43.97.

    Position 155th of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Fertilizer Consumption per HectareFAO · 2023 · world median 87.368.698Moved since 2013

    Lesotho: 8.698 · world median 87.36 · Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 2,926.

    Position 159th of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Operating Wind Power CapacityGlobal Energy Monitor · 2026 · world median 1000No earlier reading

    Lesotho: 0 · world median 100 · Wind farm capacity in operation (megawatts). Global Energy Monitor, 2026 edition, data for 2026.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 542,758.

    Chart and every countryThe 2026 dataset

  • Fisheries and Aquaculture ProductionFAO · 2024 · world median 52,3752,181Moved since 2014

    Lesotho: 2,181 · world median 52,375 · Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals caught or farmed, tonnes (live weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 70,500,841.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Population Living Below 5 m ElevationCenter for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University · 2015 · world median 2.9540No real change since 1990

    Lesotho: 0 · world median 2.954 · Population living below 5 m elevation (% of total population). Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2015 edition, data for 2015.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 78.48.

    Chart and every countryThe 2015 dataset

  • Forest AreaFAO · 2023 · world median 31.081.137No real change since 2013

    Lesotho: 1.137 · world median 31.08 · Forest area (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 94.45.

    Position 193rd of 210 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Agricultural Irrigated LandFAO · 2023 · world median 3.660.053No earlier reading

    Lesotho: 0.053 · world median 3.66 · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 89.04.

    Position 117th of 121 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Temperature Change on LandFAO · 2025 · world median 1.4740.783Moved since 2015

    Lesotho: 0.783 · world median 1.474 · Change in mean land-surface temperature against the country's own 1951–1980 average, °C. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.34 to 3.294.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing

06The top of the list

Who leads on environment & sustainability

The three countries placed highest of 186, and the leaders Lesotho can most readily be measured against.

All 186 countries
  1. 1

    Angola

    Middle Africa

    1st of 186 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: Paulo César Santos derivative work: Jjtkk · CC0, greyscale

  2. 2

    São Tomé and Príncipe

    Middle Africa

    2nd of 186 · 3 of 4 keys

  3. 3

    Sierra Leone

    Western Africa

    3rd of 186 · 4 of 4 keys

    Photo: Annabel Symington derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 2.0, greyscale

Placed highest nearby

  1. Highest in Africa

    Angola1st3/4 keys
  2. Highest in Southern Africa

    Lesotho=22nd2/4 keys

Positions out of 186 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.

07Questions

Lesotho on environment & sustainability: questions answered

Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.

How does Lesotho rank on environment & sustainability?

Lesotho is placed joint 22nd of 186 countries on Environment & Sustainability in the Country Index 2026, from 2 of its 4 key statistics (CO₂ Emissions per Capita and Water Stress). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.

What is the latest CO₂ Emissions per Capita figure for Lesotho?

1.1 in 2024 (fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)), according to Global Carbon Project. The world median in the same edition was 3.21.

What is the latest Water Stress figure for Lesotho?

2.57 in 2023 (freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 10.

How does Lesotho compare with South Africa on environment & sustainability?

South Africa is placed 172nd of 186, and Lesotho joint 22nd. CO₂ Emissions per Capita: South Africa 6.872, Lesotho 1.1; Water Stress: South Africa 67.6, Lesotho 2.57.

How have Lesotho’s environment & sustainability figures changed?

CO₂ Emissions per Capita rose from 0.923 in 2000 to 1.1 in 2024; Water Stress was 2.57 in both 2000 and 2023; Organic Agricultural Area fell from 0.02 in 2008 to 0 in 2018.

Which environment & sustainability statistics are missing for Lesotho?

No current reading is published for Lesotho on Adjusted Net Savings, Carbon Intensity of Electricity, Coal Share of Electricity Generation, Consumption-Based CO₂ Emissions, Ecological Footprint, Environmentally Related Tax Revenue, Low-Carbon Share of Electricity Generation, Mangrove Area, Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Operating Coal Power Capacity, Organic Agricultural Area, Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI, Renewable Share of Electricity Generation, Solar Share of Electricity Generation, Tropical Moist Forest Deforestation, Wind and Solar Share of Electricity Generation and World Energy Trilemma Index. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.

08Method

Method, sources and how to cite

What this topic does not measure

Air quality and biodiversity are not keys, because the site does not yet hold data for them that passes every test. Forest cover, farmland, farm emissions and the renewable share of electricity are published here as context. Exposure to natural hazards belongs to Risk & Resilience.

About environment & sustainability, in full

How the Environment & Sustainability standing is decided

A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.

The environment & sustainability method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built

The key statistics and their licences

The other 34 statistics on this page come from 13 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.

The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Photographs

Lesotho’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.

Cite this page

Nations Inquiry (2026). Lesotho: Environment & Sustainability — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/lesotho/environment

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