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Traditional homes in Eswatini and still widely used outside of the towns

Photo: Caitlin from Hertfordshire, UK derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale

Topic 07 of 18 · Country Index 2026

Eswatini: Environment & Sustainability

How much pressure does a country put on the natural world?

Eswatini is placed 103rd of 186 countries on environment & sustainability in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: CO₂ Emissions per Capita 0.841 (2024); Water Stress 77.56 (2023).

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Environment & Sustainability

103rd

of 186 countries placed

Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics

Country Index 2026, all topics147th of 183 →

01The evidence

The 4 key statistics that decide it

Only these place Eswatini on environment & sustainability — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.

Why these keys

  1. Key 1 of 4

    CO₂ Emissions per Capita

    Global Carbon Project

    Why it is a key

    2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0

    0.841

    Fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)

    Lower is better

    Eswatini: 0.841. Across the 210 countries in this edition, values run from 0.054 (DR Congo) to 41.27 (Qatar); the world median is 3.21.

    World median
    3.21
    Best in Southern Africa
    0.841 Eswatini
    Land neighbours
    Mozambique 0.249 · South Africa 6.872

  2. Key 2 of 4

    Water Stress

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Why it is a key

    2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 4.0

    77.56

    Freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)

    Lower is better

    Eswatini: 77.56. Across the 177 countries in this edition, values run from 0.03 (Republic of the Congo) to 3,851 (Kuwait); the world median is 10.

    World median
    10
    Best in Southern Africa
    0.31 Namibia
    Land neighbours
    Mozambique 1.75 · South Africa 67.6

  3. Key 3 of 4

    Organic Agricultural Area

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

    Why it is a key

    2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0

    0.63

    Organic share of agricultural land (%)

    Higher is better

    Eswatini: 0.63. Across the 156 countries in this edition, values run from 0 (Afghanistan) to 86.38 (Samoa); the world median is 0.725.

    World median
    0.725
    Best in Southern Africa
    0.63 Eswatini
    Land neighbours
    Mozambique 0.04 · South Africa 0.03

  4. Key 4 of 4

    Ecological Footprint

    Global Footprint Network

    Why it is a key

    2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    1.822

    Ecological Footprint (global hectares per person)

    Lower is better

    Eswatini: 1.822. Across the 126 countries in this edition, values run from 0.514 (Yemen) to 11.73 (Qatar); the world median is 2.296.

    World median
    2.296
    Best in Southern Africa
    1.822 Eswatini
    Land neighbours
    Mozambique 0.588 · South Africa 2.56

03In context

Eswatini beside its neighbours

A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 186 countries on environment & sustainability, never a place within the region.

Southern Africa
1st186thNot placed · 38 countries with too few key statisticsNo data

The whole world on environment & sustainability

Eswatini and the countries it borders

Standing among all 186; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.

CountryStandingCO₂ Emissions per CapitaFossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)Water StressFreshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)Organic Agricultural AreaOrganic share of agricultural land (%)Ecological FootprintEcological Footprint (global hectares per person)
Mozambique29th0.2491.750.040.588
Eswatini103rd0.84177.560.631.822
South Africa172nd6.87267.60.032.56

“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is

Across Southern Africa

Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 186.

Placed either side on environment & sustainability

The countries immediately above and below Eswatini in the topic’s list.

04Context, no vote

Where Eswatini is ahead of the world, and behind

43 more statistics filed under environment & sustainability, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.

Every country

Ahead of the world median8

Statistics on which Eswatini does better than the middle country measured.

  • Renewable Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 32.0696.72No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 96.72 · world median 32.06 · Renewables (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 12th of 162 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Low-Carbon Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 37.3296.72No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 96.72 · world median 37.32 · Low-carbon sources (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 13th of 162 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Carbon Intensity of ElectricityEmber · 2024 · world median 433.75119.67No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 119.67 · world median 433.75 · Carbon intensity (gCO₂e per kWh generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 23.73 to 1,306; lower is better.

    Position 139th of 165 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • World Risk IndexInstitute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum · 2025 · world median 4.171.76No real change since 2015

    Eswatini: 1.76 · world median 4.17 · WorldRiskIndex score (0–100, where 100 is the most at risk). Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV), Ruhr University Bochum, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.18 to 46.56; lower is better.

    Position 159th of 193 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Baseline Water Stress (Aqueduct)WRI · 2019 · world median 1.6630.314No earlier reading

    Eswatini: 0.314 · world median 1.663 · Baseline water stress score (0–5). World Resources Institute (WRI), 2023 edition, data for 2019.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 5; lower is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Municipal Solid Waste GenerationWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 0.9660.566No earlier reading

    Eswatini: 0.566 · world median 0.966 · Municipal solid waste generated (kg per person per day). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.058 to 4.176; lower is better.

    Position 147th of 201 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2026 dataset

  • Energy Intensity of GDP (PPP)EIA · 2024 · world median 2.7382.131▼ Worsened since 2014

    Eswatini: 2.131 · world median 2.738 · Energy use per dollar of GDP (thousand Btu per US$ at PPP). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.666 to 17.45; lower is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • PM2.5 Air Pollution ExposureAtmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis · 2023 · world median 14.4513▼ Worsened since 2013

    Eswatini: 13 · world median 14.45 · Population-weighted PM2.5 concentration (µg/m³). Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.5 to 68.2; lower is better.

    Position 125th of 220 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

Behind the world median13

Statistics on which Eswatini does worse than the middle country measured.

  • Wind and Solar Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 5.2794.918▲ Improved since 2014

    Eswatini: 4.918 · world median 5.279 · Wind and solar (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 69.12; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Children's Climate Risk IndexUNICEF · 2020 · world median 55.2No earlier reading

    Eswatini: 5.2 · world median 5 · Children's Climate Risk Index (0–10, higher is more risk). UNICEF, 2021 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 8.7; lower is better.

    Ranked 72nd of 163 by UNICEF (1st = worst).

    Chart and every countryThe 2021 dataset

  • Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per CapitaFAO · 2022 · world median 2,5282,166▼ Worsened since 2012

    Eswatini: 2,166 · world median 2,528 · Renewable internal freshwater (cubic metres per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 445,023; higher is better.

    Position 102nd of 181 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Climate Vulnerability (ND-GAIN)Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · world median 0.450.482▲ Improved since 2014

    Eswatini: 0.482 · world median 0.45 · ND-GAIN Vulnerability (0–1, where 1 is the most vulnerable). Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.263 to 0.655; lower is better.

    Ranked 122nd of 190 by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Agricultural Emissions IntensityFAO · 2023 · world median 1.5652.15No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: 2.15 · world median 1.565 · Greenhouse gases from farming per value of agricultural output (kg CO₂eq per international dollar). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 28.2; lower is better.

    Position 66th of 190 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Adjusted Net SavingsWorld Bank Group · 2021 · world median 8.3894.671▲ Improved since 2011

    Eswatini: 4.671 · world median 8.389 · Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.

    Published values in that edition run from -81.62 to 32.18; higher is better.

    Position 78th of 118 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2021 dataset

  • Coal Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 03.279No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 3.279 · world median 0 · Coal (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 98.25; lower is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • ND-GAIN Country IndexNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame · 2024 · world median 47.4440.95No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 40.95 · world median 47.44 · ND-GAIN Index (0–100, where 100 is best placed to adapt). Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 26.42 to 71.85; higher is better.

    Ranked 139th of 190 by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Annual Forest Area Change RateFAO · 2025 · world median 0-0.34No real change since 2015

    Eswatini: -0.34 · world median 0 · Compound annual change in forest area over the interval ending that year (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from -3.29 to 12.3; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • World Energy Trilemma IndexWorld Energy Council · 2023 · world median 63.851.1No earlier reading

    Eswatini: 51.1 · world median 63.8 · Trilemma score (0–100). World Energy Council, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 27.7 to 83.2; higher is better.

    Ranked 79th of 99 by World Energy Council.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Forest Area within Legally Established Protected AreasFAO · 2025 · world median 18.185.13▲ Improved since 2015

    Eswatini: 5.13 · world median 18.18 · Forest within legally established protected areas, as a share of the country's 2015 forest area (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Water-Use EfficiencyFAO · 2023 · world median 16.13.89▼ Worsened since 2013

    Eswatini: 3.89 · world median 16.1 · Value added per cubic metre of freshwater withdrawn (constant US$ per m³). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 1,378; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)FAO · 2024 · world median 3.141.86▼ Worsened since 2015

    Eswatini: 1.86 · world median 3.14 · Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.67 to 4.57; higher is better.

    Position 182nd of 186 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

No better end22

These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.

  • Water Withdrawal by SectorFAO · 2022 · world median 62.1494.19No real change since 2012

    Eswatini: 94.19 · world median 62.14 · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 99.48.

    Position 11th of 171 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Agricultural LandFAO · 2023 · world median 37.9669.48No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: 69.48 · world median 37.96 · Agricultural land (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.445 to 86.48.

    Position 24th of 209 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Pesticide Use per HectareFAO · 2024 · world median 1.736.15Moved since 2014

    Eswatini: 6.15 · world median 1.73 · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.72.

    Position 44th of 178 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Burned AreaGWIS · 2025 · world median 13,82460,104Moved since 2015

    Eswatini: 60,104 · world median 13,824 · Burned area (hectares). European Commission Joint Research Centre — Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 50,562,035.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Solar Share of Electricity GenerationEmber · 2024 · world median 3.0494.918Moved since 2014

    Eswatini: 4.918 · world median 3.049 · Solar (% of electricity generated). Ember, 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 50.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 1.7082.999Moved since 2011

    Eswatini: 2.999 · world median 1.708 · Natural resources rents (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 61.03.

    Position 82nd of 180 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2021 dataset

  • Arable Land per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 0.1090.144No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: 0.144 · world median 0.109 · Arable land (hectares per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1.459.

    Position 86th of 206 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Agricultural Irrigated LandFAO · 2023 · world median 3.663.663No earlier reading

    Eswatini: 3.663 · world median 3.66 · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 89.04.

    Position 60th of 121 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Fertilizer Consumption per HectareFAO · 2023 · world median 87.3680.95Moved since 2013

    Eswatini: 80.95 · world median 87.36 · Fertilizer consumption (kg per hectare of arable land). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 2,926.

    Position 98th of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Forest AreaFAO · 2023 · world median 31.0829.14No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: 29.14 · world median 31.08 · Forest area (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 94.45.

    Position 111th of 210 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Tree Cover LossWorld Resources Institute — Global Forest Watch (data: University of Maryland) · 2025 · world median 3,7751,617Moved since 2015

    Eswatini: 1,617 · world median 3,775 · Tree cover loss (hectares, where canopy cover exceeded 30% in 2000). World Resources Institute — Global Forest Watch (data: University of Maryland), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 6,225,187.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Methane EmissionsEDGAR · 2025 · world median 325.6958.71No real change since 2015

    Eswatini: 58.71 · world median 325.69 · Methane emissions (gigagrams of CH₄). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EDGAR), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.048 to 51,093.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Agricultural EmissionsFAO · 2023 · world median 8,6351,183No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: 1,183 · world median 8,635 · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,044,508.

    Position 145th of 193 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Livestock DensityFAO · 2023 · world median 0.5350.29Moved since 2013

    Eswatini: 0.29 · world median 0.535 · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 43.97.

    Position 142nd of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Land Under Cereal ProductionFAO · 2023 · world median 689,27871,001No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: 71,001 · world median 689,278 · Land under cereal production (hectares). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 103,715,108.

    Position 139th of 179 · derived, counted from the highest value.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Solar Electricity Installed CapacityEIA · 2024 · world median 0.1440.011No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 0.011 · world median 0.144 · Solar generating capacity installed (gigawatts). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 886.66.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Meat Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 57.8322.38Moved since 2013

    Eswatini: 22.38 · world median 57.83 · Meat available as food (kg per person per year, carcass weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 3.49 to 156.95.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Operating Coal Power CapacityGlobal Energy Monitor · 2026 · world median 5250No earlier reading

    Eswatini: 0 · world median 525 · Coal-fired capacity in operation (megawatts). Global Energy Monitor, 2026 edition, data for 2026.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,263,101.

    Chart and every countryThe 2026 dataset

  • Temperature Change on LandFAO · 2025 · world median 1.4741.025Moved since 2015

    Eswatini: 1.025 · world median 1.474 · Change in mean land-surface temperature against the country's own 1951–1980 average, °C. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.34 to 3.294.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Population Living Below 5 m ElevationCenter for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University · 2015 · world median 2.9540No real change since 1990

    Eswatini: 0 · world median 2.954 · Population living below 5 m elevation (% of total population). Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2015 edition, data for 2015.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 78.48.

    Chart and every countryThe 2015 dataset

  • Fisheries and Aquaculture ProductionFAO · 2024 · world median 52,37590No real change since 2014

    Eswatini: 90 · world median 52,375 · Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals caught or farmed, tonnes (live weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 70,500,841.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Cropland Nitrogen BalanceFAO · 2023 · world median 37.63-51.45No real change since 2013

    Eswatini: -51.45 · world median 37.63 · Nitrogen surplus (+) or deficit (−) on cropland, kg per hectare. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from -555.52 to 1,199.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

No current reading for Eswatini

Consumption-Based CO₂ Emissions, Environmentally Related Tax Revenue (last 2023), Mangrove Area, Operating Wind Power Capacity, Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI and Tropical Moist Forest Deforestation. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.

“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing

05Country Index 2026

Environment & Sustainability among Eswatini’s 15 topics

Environment & Sustainability is Eswatini’s 3rd best-placed topic of 15. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.

On the profile
  1. Energy54th of 165
  2. Education & Knowledge101st of 198
  3. Environment & Sustainability103rd of 186
  4. Risk & Resilience122nd of 193
  5. Economy & Innovation112th of 176
  6. Peace & Security114th of 177
  7. Digital & Technology129th of 198
  8. Development & Human Capital130th of 196
  9. Gender & Equality135th of 183
  10. Food & Agriculture140th of 184
  11. Governance & Institutions156th of 194
  12. Health & Wellbeing168th of 200
  13. Democracy & Civil Liberties181st of 198
  14. Work & Labour174th of 182
  15. Poverty & Inequality154th of 159

No standing on Mobility & Trade: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.

06The top of the list

Who leads on environment & sustainability

The three countries placed highest of 186, and the leaders Eswatini can most readily be measured against.

All 186 countries
  1. 1

    Angola

    Middle Africa

    1st of 186 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: Paulo César Santos derivative work: Jjtkk · CC0, greyscale

  2. 2

    São Tomé and Príncipe

    Middle Africa

    2nd of 186 · 3 of 4 keys

  3. 3

    Sierra Leone

    Western Africa

    3rd of 186 · 4 of 4 keys

    Photo: Annabel Symington derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 2.0, greyscale

Placed highest nearby

  1. Highest in Africa

    Angola1st3/4 keys

  2. Highest in Southern Africa

    Lesotho=22nd2/4 keys

  3. This page

    Eswatini103rd4/4 keys

Positions out of 186 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.

07Questions

Eswatini on environment & sustainability: questions answered

Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.

How does Eswatini rank on environment & sustainability?

Eswatini is placed 103rd of 186 countries on Environment & Sustainability in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (CO₂ Emissions per Capita, Water Stress, Organic Agricultural Area and Ecological Footprint). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.

What is the latest CO₂ Emissions per Capita figure for Eswatini?

0.841 in 2024 (fossil CO₂ (tonnes per person)), according to Global Carbon Project. The world median in the same edition was 3.21.

What is the latest Water Stress figure for Eswatini?

77.56 in 2023 (freshwater withdrawal as a share of available resources (%)), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 10.

How does Eswatini compare with South Africa on environment & sustainability?

South Africa is placed 172nd of 186, and Eswatini 103rd. CO₂ Emissions per Capita: South Africa 6.872, Eswatini 0.841; Water Stress: South Africa 67.6, Eswatini 77.56; Organic Agricultural Area: South Africa 0.03, Eswatini 0.63; Ecological Footprint: South Africa 2.56, Eswatini 1.822.

How have Eswatini’s environment & sustainability figures changed?

CO₂ Emissions per Capita fell from 1.158 in 2000 to 0.841 in 2024; Water Stress rose from 75.67 in 2000 to 77.56 in 2023; Organic Agricultural Area rose from 0 in 2008 to 0.63 in 2024; Ecological Footprint rose from 1.654 in 2000 to 1.822 in 2025.

Which environment & sustainability statistics are missing for Eswatini?

No current reading is published for Eswatini on Consumption-Based CO₂ Emissions, Environmentally Related Tax Revenue, Mangrove Area, Operating Wind Power Capacity, Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI and Tropical Moist Forest Deforestation. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.

08Method

Method, sources and how to cite

What this topic does not measure

Air quality and biodiversity are not keys, because the site does not yet hold data for them that passes every test. Forest cover, farmland, farm emissions and the renewable share of electricity are published here as context. Exposure to natural hazards belongs to Risk & Resilience.

About environment & sustainability, in full

How the Environment & Sustainability standing is decided

A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.

The environment & sustainability method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built

The key statistics and their licences

The other 43 statistics on this page come from 15 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.

The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Photographs

Eswatini’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.

Cite this page

Nations Inquiry (2026). Eswatini: Environment & Sustainability — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/eswatini/environment

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