Data for 1991
Expected Years of Schooling, 1991
1991, as UNDP Human Development Report Office’s 2025 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten
Expected Years of Schooling, 1991 covers 170 countries. Australia is highest, at 17.432; Niger is lowest, at 1.994. The middle country reads 10.725. Against 1990, 170 values changed (127 up, 43 down), the same countries are covered.
Expected Years of Schooling · Data for 1991
HighestAustralia
17.432LowestNiger
1.994Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.
01Position · derived
The table
Every country and every column of Expected Years of Schooling, 1991, as published. UNDP Human Development Report Office ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.
Showing 25 of 170 countries · select a heading to sort
| derived | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | AUSAustralia and New Zealand | 17.432 |
| 2 | CANNorthern America | 16.970 |
| 3 | SGPSouth-eastern Asia | 16.446 |
| 4 | USANorthern America | 15.533 |
| 5 | FINNorthern Europe | 15.271 |
| 6 | LBYNorthern Africa | 15.254 |
| 7 | ISLNorthern Europe | 15.233 |
| 8 | NLDWestern Europe | 15.013 |
| 9 | GRDCaribbean | 14.998 |
| 10 | NZLAustralia and New Zealand | 14.648 |
| 11 | ESPSouthern Europe | 14.615 |
| 12 | DEUWestern Europe | 14.565 |
| 13 | DNKNorthern Europe | 14.478 |
| 14 | FRAWestern Europe | 14.469 |
| 15 | NORNorthern Europe | 14.332 |
| 16 | BELWestern Europe | 14.179 |
| 17 | BRASouth America | 14.144 |
| 18 | AUTWestern Europe | 13.935 |
| 19 | GBRNorthern Europe | 13.919 |
| 20 | CHEWestern Europe | 13.605 |
| 21 | JPNEastern Asia | 13.530 |
| 22 | ARGSouth America | 13.352 |
| 23 | GRCSouthern Europe | 13.215 |
| 24 | KOREastern Asia | 13.196 |
| 25 | ITASouthern Europe | 13.159 |
| 26 | SWENorthern Europe | 13.116 |
| 27 | BRBCaribbean | 13.087 |
| 28 | URYSouth America | 13.056 |
| 29 | KNACaribbean | 13.049 |
| 30 | PLWMicronesia | 12.874 |
| 31 | ESTNorthern Europe | 12.781 |
| 32 | MLTSouthern Europe | 12.757 |
| 33 | IRLNorthern Europe | 12.741 |
| 34 | CHLSouth America | 12.737 |
| 35 | GEOWestern Asia | 12.677 |
| 36 | CUBCaribbean | 12.527 |
| 37 | LTUNorthern Europe | 12.526 |
| 38 | LVANorthern Europe | 12.524 |
| 39 | BHRWestern Asia | 12.500 |
| 40 | UKREastern Europe | 12.491 |
| 41 | ZAFSouthern Africa | 12.472 |
| 42 | RUSEastern Europe | 12.435 |
| 43 | SRBSouthern Europe | 12.426 |
| 44 | BRNSouth-eastern Asia | 12.408 |
| 45 | BGREastern Europe | 12.355 |
| 46 | BLREastern Europe | 12.343 |
| 47 | PRTSouthern Europe | 12.341 |
| 48 | ISRWestern Asia | 12.337 |
| 49 | POLEastern Europe | 12.145 |
| 50 | SVNSouthern Europe | 12.128 |
| 51 | KAZCentral Asia | 12.066 |
| 52 | NAMSouthern Africa | 12.058 |
| 53 | CZEEastern Europe | 12.022 |
| 54 | QATWestern Asia | 11.864 |
| 55 | LCACaribbean | 11.816 |
| 56 | ALBSouthern Europe | 11.781 |
| 57 | TJKCentral Asia | 11.688 |
| 58 | JORWestern Asia | 11.685 |
| 59 | FJIMelanesia | 11.678 |
| 60 | KGZCentral Asia | 11.668 |
| 61 | PERSouth America | 11.634 |
| 62 | WSMPolynesia | 11.619 |
| 63 | TONPolynesia | 11.610 |
| 64 | SVKEastern Europe | 11.581 |
| 65 | LKASouthern Asia | 11.578 |
| 66 | ROUEastern Europe | 11.465 |
| 67 | BOLSouth America | 11.311 |
| 68 | HUNEastern Europe | 11.310 |
| 69 | BHSCaribbean | 11.309 |
| 70 | AZEWestern Asia | 11.303 |
| 71 | MKDSouthern Europe | 11.253 |
| 72 | ECUSouth America | 11.242 |
| 73 | JAMCaribbean | 11.123 |
| 74 | GABMiddle Africa | 11.107 |
| 75 | MEXCentral America | 11.028 |
| 76 | UZBCentral Asia | 10.988 |
| 77 | IRNSouthern Asia | 10.899 |
| 78 | COGMiddle Africa | 10.849 |
| 79 | CYPWestern Asia | 10.837 |
| 80 | SLBMelanesia | 10.830 |
| 81 | PANCentral America | 10.826 |
| 82 | SURSouth America | 10.803 |
| 83 | LUXWestern Europe | 10.797 |
| 84 | PHLSouth-eastern Asia | 10.758 |
| 85 | ARMWestern Asia | 10.749 |
| 86 | VCTCaribbean | 10.700 |
| 87 | TTOCaribbean | 10.635 |
| 88 | MYSSouth-eastern Asia | 10.622 |
| 89 | BWASouthern Africa | 10.552 |
| 90 | VENSouth America | 10.540 |
| 91 | SYRWestern Asia | 10.330 |
| 92 | BLZCentral America | 10.306 |
| 93 | MUSEastern Africa | 10.103 |
| 94 | HRVSouthern Europe | 10.077 |
| 95 | AREWestern Asia | 10.060 |
| 96 | CRICentral America | 9.978 |
| 97 | IDNSouth-eastern Asia | 9.956 |
| 98 | ZWEEastern Africa | 9.931 |
| 99 | TUNNorthern Africa | 9.925 |
| 100 | TUVPolynesia | 9.843 |
| 101 | DZANorthern Africa | 9.824 |
| 102 | COLSouth America | 9.699 |
| 103 | HKGEastern Asia | 9.690 |
| 104 | MNGEastern Asia | 9.677 |
| 105 | ANDSouthern Europe | 9.661 |
| 106 | SWZSouthern Africa | 9.573 |
| 107 | DOMCaribbean | 9.462 |
| 108 | PRYSouth America | 9.445 |
| 109 | HTICaribbean | 9.305 |
| 110 | SAUWestern Asia | 9.285 |
| 111 | EGYNorthern Africa | 9.250 |
| 112 | TURWestern Asia | 9.085 |
| 113 | THASouth-eastern Asia | 9.051 |
| 114 | LSOSouthern Africa | 9.012 |
| 115 | SLVCentral America | 8.662 |
| 116 | GUYSouth America | 8.627 |
| 117 | CHNEastern Asia | 8.596 |
| 118 | LBNWestern Asia | 8.570 |
| 119 | KWTWestern Asia | 8.510 |
| 120 | HNDCentral America | 8.222 |
| 121 | INDSouthern Asia | 8.217 |
| 122 | PSEWestern Asia | 8.202 |
| 123 | CMRMiddle Africa | 8.174 |
| 124 | OMNWestern Asia | 8.034 |
| 125 | VNMSouth-eastern Asia | 8.001 |
| 126 | KENEastern Africa | 7.947 |
| 127 | ZMBEastern Africa | 7.854 |
| 128 | NICCentral America | 7.832 |
| 129 | VUTMelanesia | 7.723 |
| 130 | TGOWestern Africa | 7.685 |
| 131 | COMEastern Africa | 7.478 |
| 132 | NPLSouthern Asia | 7.440 |
| 133 | IRQWestern Asia | 7.430 |
| 134 | MMRSouth-eastern Asia | 7.037 |
| 135 | KHMSouth-eastern Asia | 6.991 |
| 136 | GTMCentral America | 6.943 |
| 137 | GNBWestern Africa | 6.735 |
| 138 | LAOSouth-eastern Asia | 6.574 |
| 139 | MARNorthern Africa | 6.374 |
| 140 | CODMiddle Africa | 6.263 |
| 141 | MDGEastern Africa | 6.245 |
| 142 | NGAWestern Africa | 6.015 |
| 143 | GHAWestern Africa | 5.776 |
| 144 | UGAEastern Africa | 5.767 |
| 145 | BGDSouthern Asia | 5.743 |
| 146 | BTNSouthern Asia | 5.731 |
| 147 | YEMWestern Asia | 5.551 |
| 148 | CIVWestern Africa | 5.452 |
| 149 | TZAEastern Africa | 5.409 |
| 150 | MWIEastern Africa | 5.382 |
| 151 | BENWestern Africa | 4.956 |
| 152 | CAFMiddle Africa | 4.919 |
| 153 | PNGMelanesia | 4.736 |
| 154 | SENWestern Africa | 4.407 |
| 155 | BDIEastern Africa | 4.333 |
| 156 | PAKSouthern Asia | 4.281 |
| 157 | SLEWestern Africa | 4.209 |
| 158 | GMBWestern Africa | 4.006 |
| 159 | MOZEastern Africa | 3.898 |
| 160 | MRTWestern Africa | 3.784 |
| 161 | SDNNorthern Africa | 3.716 |
| 162 | AGOMiddle Africa | 3.521 |
| 163 | AFGSouthern Asia | 3.228 |
| 164 | GINWestern Africa | 2.820 |
| 165 | ETHEastern Africa | 2.780 |
| 166 | TCDMiddle Africa | 2.706 |
| 167 | DJIEastern Africa | 2.535 |
| 168 | BFAWestern Africa | 2.524 |
| 169 | MLIWestern Africa | 2.015 |
| 170 | NERWestern Africa | 1.994 |
02In 1991
At either end
The 5 countries at each end of the headline.
Highest
- 1
Australia17.432
- 2
Canada16.970
- 3
Singapore16.446
- 4
United States15.533
- 5
Finland15.271
Lowest
- 170
Niger1.994
- 169
Mali2.015
- 168
Burkina Faso2.524
- 167
Djibouti2.535
- 166
Chad2.706
A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 10.725. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.
031990 → 1991
Since 1990
What changed between 1990 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.
- +0 / −0countries joined / left
- 170values changed, of 170 in both
- 127 · 43rose · fell
- 0unchanged
Rose most
Fell most
Romania12.480 → 11.465−1.015
Bahrain13.295 → 12.500−0.795
Armenia11.205 → 10.749−0.456
Sierra Leone4.662 → 4.209−0.453
Mongolia10.130 → 9.677−0.453
Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.
04Caveats
Read before you use
What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.
One year of the 2025 release
Every year in this series comes from UNDP Human Development Report Office’s 2025 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.
The position is ours
UNDP Human Development Report Office publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 170 countries has every column.
05The files
Download and cite
The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.
- .csv
For a spreadsheet or code
170 rows · 5.8 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download expected-years-schooling-1991-nations-inquiry.csv - ↗
The publisher’s original
UNDP Human Development Report Office’s own file, on its own site.
HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv
What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.
Licence: CC BY 3.0 IGO · what it allows, in plain words
Cite this edition
UNDP Human Development Report Office (1991). Expected Years of Schooling, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/expected-years-schooling/1991
0634 held
Other years
‹ The year before
Expected Years of Schooling, 1990170 countries
The year after ›
Expected Years of Schooling, 1992170 countries
All of them
Expected Years of Schooling: every year34 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country
07Questions
Expected Years of Schooling, 1991: questions and answers
Which country has the highest expected years of schooling in Expected Years of Schooling, 1991?
Australia, at 17.432, of the 170 countries in the file.
What year does Expected Years of Schooling, 1991 describe?
1991.
How many countries does Expected Years of Schooling, 1991 cover?
170.
Where can I download Expected Years of Schooling, 1991?
On this page, as a CSV file holding every value exactly as published, or from the publisher’s own site, linked below.
Is Expected Years of Schooling, 1991 the newest?
No. The newest held here is Expected Years of Schooling, 2023.