V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index 1998

Report year 1998·Data year 1998

Electoral democracy index (0–1)·Higher is better — rank 1 leads·Published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg

36 reference years (1990–2025), covering 168 to 176 countries. The headline column is V-Dem’s Electoral Democracy Index (v2x_polyarchy), its flagship measure of how far rulers are made responsive to citizens through elections; the liberal, participatory, deliberative and egalitarian indices are stored beside it, all on a 0–1 scale. ⚠ V-Dem’s data actually runs back to 1789, and the series is cut at 1990 deliberately: the deep history is populated by entities that no longer exist (Baden, the Papal States, Piedmont-Sardinia), and every row here keys to a present-day country. ⚠ Five entities from 1990 on are excluded for the same reason - three sub-state units V-Dem scores separately (Palestine/Gaza, Palestine/West Bank and Zanzibar) and two states that dissolved in 1990 (the German Democratic Republic and South Yemen). ⚠ V-Dem publishes no rank, so none is stored; the POSITION shown on the statistics page is derived here by ordering the score, and labelled as ours.

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