Data for 1993

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993

Name: V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1993, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993 covers 173 countries on 5 measures. Sweden is highest, at 0.911; Oman is lowest, at 0.014. The middle country reads 0.442. Against 1992, 120 values changed (85 up, 35 down), 1 country joined.

Download CSV Cite this year

Share this page

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index · Data for 1993

HighestSweden

0.911

LowestOman

0.014

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

173countries
5measures per country
1993the year it describes
157distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 11, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 173 countries · select a heading to sort

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.911	0.877	0.670	0.885	0.873
2	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.909	0.881	0.734	0.864	0.869
3	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.895	0.819	0.579	0.768	0.810
4	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.893	0.853	0.647	0.864	0.825
=5	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.892	0.841	0.626	0.832	0.787
=5	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.892	0.818	0.657	0.804	0.813
7	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.890	0.849	0.667	0.802	0.795
8	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.887	0.808	0.607	0.764	0.778
9	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.886	0.834	0.787	0.852	0.813
10	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.882	0.790	0.594	0.750	0.794
11	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.881	0.809	0.630	0.751	0.769
12	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.880	0.846	0.635	0.852	0.840
13	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.879	0.808	0.625	0.788	0.819
14	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.875	0.798	0.646	0.814	0.763
15	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.874	0.814	0.667	0.660	0.742
=16	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.871	0.831	0.613	0.801	0.805
=16	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.871	0.788	0.622	0.716	0.762
18	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.868	0.785	0.588	0.796	0.816
19	United States`USA`Northern America	0.867	0.805	0.624	0.829	0.705
=20	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.862	0.776	0.610	0.736	0.786
=20	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.862	0.814	0.587	0.799	0.781
22	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.859	0.782	0.616	0.765	0.758
23	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.858	0.803	0.579	0.737	0.766
24	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.843	0.757	0.612	0.659	0.718
25	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.842	0.761	0.600	0.750	0.758
26	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.840	0.704	0.566	0.687	0.549
=27	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.837	0.755	0.543	0.739	0.754
=27	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.837	0.762	0.681	0.764	0.713
29	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.835	0.749	0.638	0.774	0.766
30	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.832	0.752	0.600	0.746	0.707
31	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.829	0.630	0.561	0.771	0.654
32	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.814	0.747	0.565	0.685	0.652
33	Chile`CHL`South America	0.813	0.746	0.512	0.700	0.524
34	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.811	0.741	0.602	0.675	0.701
35	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.776	0.586	0.508	0.652	0.674
36	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.774	0.633	0.500	0.647	0.620
37	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.772	0.644	0.486	0.589	0.637
=38	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.762	0.646	0.325	0.553	0.621
=38	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.762	0.683	0.500	0.618	0.607
40	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.751	0.635	0.510	0.603	0.548
41	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.750	0.628	0.476	0.459	0.565
42	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.749	0.629	0.470	0.593	0.601
43	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.744	0.614	0.490	0.644	0.509
44	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.731	0.576	0.475	0.663	0.498
45	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.725	0.619	0.461	0.665	0.564
46	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.724	0.607	0.392	0.615	0.595
47	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.714	0.635	0.417	0.592	0.534
48	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.706	0.456	0.456	0.434	0.369
49	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.705	0.469	0.373	0.588	0.436
50	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.704	0.522	0.447	0.562	0.467
51	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.698	0.569	0.396	0.594	0.590
52	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.693	0.593	0.438	0.611	0.562
53	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.691	0.482	0.428	0.580	0.363
54	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.683	0.577	0.444	0.576	0.436
55	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.631	0.501	0.414	0.422	0.431
56	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.615	0.512	0.374	0.467	0.487
57	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.610	0.448	0.336	0.516	0.416
58	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.608	0.473	0.379	0.482	0.455
59	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.598	0.491	0.292	0.536	0.442
60	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.597	0.327	0.280	0.418	0.505
61	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.594	0.426	0.413	0.500	0.395
62	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.593	0.490	0.364	0.495	0.385
63	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.562	0.392	0.352	0.339	0.454
64	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.559	0.440	0.319	0.293	0.463
65	Colombia`COL`South America	0.558	0.427	0.386	0.354	0.336
66	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.542	0.406	0.378	0.492	0.285
67	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.540	0.395	0.289	0.431	0.343
68	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.537	0.413	0.317	0.327	0.292
69	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.532	0.413	0.299	0.314	0.318
70	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.530	0.368	0.328	0.404	0.326
=71	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.528	0.399	0.243	0.430	0.370
=71	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.528	0.349	0.296	0.342	0.422
73	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.513	0.269	0.224	0.219	0.213
74	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.512	0.364	0.311	0.262	0.169
75	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.501	0.360	0.219	0.316	0.412
76	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.498	0.367	0.255	0.337	0.354
77	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.490	0.264	0.258	0.345	0.184
78	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.481	0.256	0.217	0.357	0.334
79	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.480	0.294	0.304	0.382	0.328
80	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.467	0.301	0.301	0.343	0.216
81	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.455	0.215	0.246	0.299	0.214
82	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.449	0.284	0.238	0.261	0.307
83	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.447	0.355	0.291	0.385	0.295
84	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.445	0.334	0.240	0.347	0.319
85	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.444	0.296	0.240	0.187	0.315
=86	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.442	0.318	0.171	0.231	0.261
=86	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.442	0.252	0.280	0.216	0.214
88	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.430	0.201	0.278	0.240	0.221
89	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.421	0.321	0.230	0.332	0.312
90	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.407	0.326	0.227	0.337	0.289
91	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.405	0.303	0.162	0.375	0.225
92	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.402	0.336	0.187	0.293	0.324
93	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.385	0.216	0.246	0.233	0.160
94	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.379	0.207	0.234	0.256	0.169
95	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.377	0.213	0.219	0.135	0.296
96	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.373	0.318	0.138	0.368	0.326
97	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.368	0.201	0.215	0.181	0.133
98	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.360	0.297	0.094	0.299	0.319
99	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.356	0.158	0.102	0.148	0.268
100	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.346	0.212	0.147	0.244	0.204
101	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.342	0.204	0.106	0.226	0.279
102	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.340	0.248	0.137	0.259	0.311
103	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.339	0.158	0.197	0.243	0.245
=104	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.329	0.204	0.212	0.133	0.205
=104	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.329	0.207	0.199	0.308	0.206
106	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.325	0.197	0.195	0.280	0.210
107	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.319	0.275	0.188	0.311	0.304
108	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.318	0.104	0.114	0.204	0.105
109	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.317	0.190	0.118	0.223	0.220
110	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.310	0.225	0.208	0.255	0.198
111	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.309	0.161	0.084	0.214	0.111
112	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.306	0.137	0.080	0.140	0.218
113	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.302	0.181	0.109	0.184	0.228
114	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.301	0.121	0.117	0.154	0.147
115	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.289	0.160	0.127	0.199	0.249
=116	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.288	0.148	0.147	0.125	0.167
=116	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.288	0.181	0.171	0.138	0.247
118	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.282	0.267	0.091	0.286	0.223
=119	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.277	0.164	0.169	0.284	0.192
=119	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.277	0.260	0.163	0.140	0.244
121	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.265	0.195	0.164	0.265	0.204
122	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.264	0.159	0.191	0.262	0.055
123	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.259	0.162	0.167	0.172	0.204
=124	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.252	0.110	0.084	0.156	0.154
=124	Peru`PER`South America	0.252	0.095	0.171	0.143	0.140
126	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.249	0.093	0.105	0.082	0.166
127	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.240	0.110	0.115	0.081	0.155
128	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.235	0.198	0.077	0.193	0.201
129	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.230	0.097	0.089	0.147	0.153
130	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.229	0.148	0.172	0.081	0.140
131	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.220	0.154	0.096	0.129	0.180
132	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.217	0.059	0.067	0.075	0.154
133	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.216	0.158	0.085	0.162	0.115
134	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.207	0.089	0.094	0.113	0.069
135	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.202	0.180	0.139	0.213	0.157
136	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.199	0.049	0.067	0.087	0.138
=137	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.193	0.052	0.046	0.115	0.130
=137	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.193	0.092	0.120	0.147	0.204
139	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.190	0.184	0.094	0.117	0.113
140	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.187	0.129	0.081	0.231	0.131
=141	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.173	0.079	0.076	0.220	0.204
=141	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.173	0.069	0.104	0.084	0.077
143	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.171	0.051	0.050	0.059	0.104
144	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.168	0.035	0.124	0.111	0.091
145	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.166	0.081	0.127	0.104	0.126
=146	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.162	0.118	0.059	0.183	0.168
=146	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.162	0.120	0.100	0.130	0.094
148	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.160	0.058	0.060	0.030	0.151
149	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.157	0.078	0.080	0.061	0.121
150	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.156	0.026	0.068	0.066	0.042
151	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.155	0.075	0.062	0.052	0.063
=152	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.150	0.028	0.070	0.041	0.127
=152	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.150	0.076	0.167	0.164	0.199
154	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.145	0.032	0.112	0.115	0.090
155	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.144	0.037	0.054	0.021	0.128
156	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.122	0.104	0.128	0.046	0.074
157	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.103	0.037	0.044	0.055	0.232
158	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.101	0.067	0.037	0.125	0.113
159	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.099	0.035	0.024	0.055	0.155
160	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.096	0.017	0.043	0.024	0.071
161	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.093	0.023	0.027	0.027	0.044
162	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.088	0.018	0.041	0.035	0.048
163	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.085	0.087	0.091	0.027	0.109
164	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.084	0.014	0.043	0.012	0.110
165	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.082	0.060	0.035	0.008	0.082
166	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.077	—	—	0.010	0.076
167	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.072	0.048	0.044	0.023	0.125
168	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.065	0.131	0.105	0.139	0.155
169	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.049	—	0.011	0.028	0.102
170	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.023	0.055	0.014	0.117	0.090
=171	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.016	0.080	0.014	0.030	0.111
=171	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.016	0.039	0.019	0.031	0.109
173	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.014	0.084	0.050	0.029	0.118

02In 1993

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

1Sweden0.911
2Denmark0.909
3Czechia0.895
4Germany0.893
5Costa Ricashared0.892

Lowest

173Oman0.014
171Saudi Arabiashared0.016
171Qatarshared0.016
170United Arab Emirates0.023
169Bahrain0.049

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.442. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Liberal democracy (0–1)
HighestDenmark0.881
LowestNorth Korea0.014
Middle country: 0.296
Participatory democracy (0–1)
HighestSwitzerland0.787
LowestBahrain0.011
Middle country: 0.232
Deliberative democracy (0–1)
HighestSweden0.885
LowestIraq0.008
Middle country: 0.299
Egalitarian democracy (0–1)
HighestSweden0.873
LowestSomalia0.042
Middle country: 0.289

031992 → 1993

Since 1992

What changed between 1992 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+1 / −0countries joined / left
120values changed, of 172 in both
85 · 35rose · fell
52unchanged

Rose most

Estonia0.450 → 0.881+0.431
Lesotho0.158 → 0.501+0.343
Ghana0.173 → 0.445+0.272
Niger0.334 → 0.528+0.194
Madagascar0.282 → 0.442+0.160

Fell most

Rwanda0.290 → 0.187−0.103
Comoros0.414 → 0.339−0.075
Tajikistan0.278 → 0.217−0.061
Azerbaijan0.367 → 0.306−0.061
DR Congo0.200 → 0.168−0.032

+ Slovakia

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1993.
157 distinct values among 173
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share 0.892. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
3 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
173 rows · 8.7 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download vdem-democracy-1993-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1993). V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993 [data set], describing 1993. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/vdem-democracy/1993

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992
172 countries
The year after ›
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1994
173 countries
All of them
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions