Data for 1992

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992

Name: V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1992, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992 covers 172 countries on 5 measures. Sweden is highest, at 0.911; Saudi Arabia is lowest, at 0.013. The middle country reads 0.378. Against 1991, 121 values changed (90 up, 31 down), 1 country joined.

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V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index · Data for 1992

HighestSweden

0.911

LowestSaudi Arabia

0.013

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

172countries
5measures per country
1992the year it describes
155distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 11, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 172 countries · select a heading to sort

V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.911	0.877	0.668	0.885	0.873
2	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.909	0.881	0.730	0.864	0.869
3	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.893	0.853	0.647	0.864	0.825
=4	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.892	0.851	0.676	0.804	0.798
=4	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.892	0.841	0.626	0.832	0.787
=4	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.892	0.811	0.660	0.812	0.814
7	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.888	0.804	0.607	0.764	0.778
8	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.886	0.830	0.787	0.852	0.813
9	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.884	0.805	0.569	0.774	0.798
10	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.882	0.789	0.597	0.749	0.794
11	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.880	0.845	0.634	0.852	0.840
12	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.879	0.808	0.625	0.788	0.819
13	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.875	0.803	0.648	0.787	0.764
14	United States`USA`Northern America	0.872	0.809	0.627	0.796	0.706
15	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.871	0.809	0.647	0.655	0.737
16	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.868	0.785	0.588	0.796	0.816
17	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.867	0.782	0.619	0.712	0.759
18	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.864	0.822	0.607	0.817	0.796
=19	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.862	0.776	0.610	0.736	0.786
=19	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.862	0.814	0.587	0.799	0.778
=21	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.858	0.781	0.615	0.763	0.757
=21	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.858	0.803	0.579	0.737	0.766
23	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.848	0.764	0.606	0.764	0.761
24	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.843	0.757	0.612	0.666	0.727
25	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.837	0.762	0.681	0.764	0.713
26	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.836	0.699	0.562	0.684	0.546
27	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.835	0.754	0.543	0.737	0.752
=28	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.831	0.750	0.600	0.746	0.706
=28	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.831	0.747	0.630	0.775	0.755
30	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.829	0.631	0.567	0.772	0.654
31	Chile`CHL`South America	0.816	0.750	0.517	0.707	0.524
32	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.815	0.742	0.567	0.685	0.653
33	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.799	0.731	0.598	0.673	0.691
34	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.773	0.632	0.497	0.649	0.619
35	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.772	0.644	0.481	0.589	0.637
36	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.771	0.582	0.505	0.646	0.669
=37	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.762	0.646	0.325	0.553	0.620
=37	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.762	0.683	0.501	0.619	0.607
39	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.750	0.626	0.514	0.603	0.540
40	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.733	0.609	0.482	0.636	0.503
41	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.726	0.572	0.471	0.659	0.484
42	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.719	0.609	0.454	0.659	0.561
=43	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.714	0.635	0.392	0.592	0.534
=43	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.714	0.466	0.465	0.443	0.378
45	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.700	0.518	0.441	0.559	0.465
46	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.698	0.598	0.442	0.625	0.565
47	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.697	0.462	0.364	0.530	0.428
48	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.688	0.478	0.435	0.580	0.379
49	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.683	0.577	0.446	0.569	0.436
50	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.674	0.561	0.422	0.526	0.545
51	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.667	0.533	0.377	0.558	0.565
52	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.651	0.512	0.340	0.503	0.528
53	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.623	0.493	0.409	0.418	0.427
54	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.615	0.512	0.294	0.467	0.487
55	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.611	0.338	0.285	0.427	0.515
56	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.598	0.491	0.292	0.536	0.442
57	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.593	0.490	0.364	0.495	0.385
58	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.577	0.451	0.361	0.458	0.434
59	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.565	0.443	0.323	0.348	0.464
60	Colombia`COL`South America	0.558	0.428	0.385	0.354	0.314
61	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.555	0.425	0.389	0.502	0.293
62	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.553	0.363	0.347	0.335	0.447
63	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.545	0.418	0.321	0.333	0.297
64	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.533	0.369	0.332	0.406	0.326
65	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.532	0.414	0.300	0.316	0.319
66	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.530	0.396	0.294	0.457	0.365
67	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.528	0.326	0.294	0.342	0.434
68	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.513	0.272	0.225	0.219	0.215
69	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.501	0.366	0.256	0.350	0.366
70	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.498	0.299	0.310	0.409	0.336
71	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.490	0.267	0.257	0.335	0.184
72	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.481	0.350	0.282	0.246	0.142
73	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.473	0.344	0.334	0.427	0.341
74	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.466	0.330	0.180	0.241	0.272
75	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.450	0.384	0.357	0.431	0.437
76	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.449	0.284	0.238	0.259	0.306
77	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.439	0.344	0.285	0.378	0.290
78	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.438	0.208	0.240	0.291	0.209
79	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.430	0.203	0.278	0.240	0.221
80	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.420	0.333	0.226	0.325	0.311
81	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.415	0.212	0.190	0.319	0.298
82	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.414	0.201	0.239	0.278	0.280
83	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.407	0.321	0.227	0.337	0.290
84	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.403	0.276	0.230	0.139	0.268
85	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.393	0.331	0.183	0.278	0.320
86	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.382	0.208	0.244	0.233	0.159
87	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.373	0.317	0.137	0.362	0.318
=88	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.367	0.206	0.083	0.223	0.280
=88	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.367	0.196	0.215	0.180	0.133
90	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.360	0.297	0.094	0.298	0.319
91	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.358	0.256	0.233	0.152	0.272
92	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.353	0.206	0.108	0.186	0.272
93	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.337	0.196	0.247	0.280	0.165
94	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.336	0.193	0.124	0.232	0.228
95	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.334	0.235	0.174	0.287	0.257
96	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.327	0.197	0.196	0.279	0.211
97	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.310	0.225	0.208	0.263	0.203
98	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.306	0.192	0.198	0.123	0.197
99	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.303	0.179	0.100	0.185	0.223
100	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.299	0.180	0.189	0.116	0.259
101	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.296	0.259	0.177	0.280	0.288
102	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.291	0.186	0.173	0.277	0.189
103	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.290	0.193	0.107	0.274	0.158
104	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.289	0.152	0.129	0.210	0.206
105	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.288	0.144	0.147	0.101	0.168
106	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.282	0.148	0.203	0.153	0.153
107	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.281	0.151	0.077	0.202	0.102
108	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.279	0.213	0.092	0.207	0.279
109	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.278	0.077	0.091	0.097	0.206
=110	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.274	0.256	0.161	0.146	0.249
=110	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.274	0.150	0.122	0.195	0.234
=112	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.272	0.141	0.178	0.155	0.122
=112	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.272	0.107	0.109	0.114	0.127
114	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.271	0.200	0.108	0.205	0.147
115	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.259	0.162	0.167	0.172	0.204
116	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.258	0.190	0.160	0.256	0.200
=117	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.254	0.098	0.073	0.090	0.219
=117	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.254	0.149	0.178	0.249	0.053
=119	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.249	0.093	0.115	0.082	0.166
=119	Peru`PER`South America	0.249	0.115	0.161	0.160	0.138
121	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.238	0.150	0.145	0.123	0.233
122	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.230	0.094	0.089	0.147	0.153
123	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.227	0.196	0.075	0.193	0.199
124	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.226	0.105	0.089	0.077	0.150
125	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.223	0.108	0.171	0.080	0.138
126	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.212	0.157	0.085	0.161	0.114
127	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.203	0.057	0.067	0.088	0.149
128	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.201	0.236	0.073	0.251	0.193
129	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.200	0.054	0.132	0.119	0.092
130	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.198	0.179	0.129	0.212	0.157
131	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.196	0.093	0.121	0.149	0.207
132	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.194	0.052	0.047	0.110	0.130
=133	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.188	0.081	0.088	0.251	0.211
=133	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.188	0.084	0.059	0.072	0.125
135	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.185	0.178	0.092	0.116	0.112
136	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.183	0.138	0.088	0.109	0.162
137	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.180	0.083	0.088	0.126	0.063
=138	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.173	0.058	0.104	0.084	0.077
=138	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.173	0.114	0.124	0.132	0.165
=140	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.165	0.099	0.118	0.231	0.140
=140	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.165	0.049	0.117	0.121	0.095
142	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.164	0.041	0.059	0.067	0.053
143	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.163	0.079	0.126	0.107	0.125
144	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.162	0.048	0.046	0.057	0.102
145	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.161	0.030	0.073	0.053	0.138
146	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.160	0.058	0.059	0.030	0.151
147	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.159	0.108	0.059	0.181	0.167
148	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.158	0.157	0.074	0.088	0.202
149	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.153	0.077	0.168	0.165	0.205
150	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.151	0.026	0.067	0.065	0.041
151	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.146	0.076	0.059	0.052	0.067
152	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.144	0.037	0.054	0.021	0.128
153	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.142	0.082	0.086	0.125	0.090
154	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.130	0.054	0.073	0.050	0.105
155	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.124	0.104	0.128	0.046	0.068
=156	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.096	0.065	0.039	0.112	0.117
=156	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.096	0.017	0.044	0.024	0.071
=158	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.095	0.033	0.028	0.031	0.066
=158	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.095	0.040	0.015	0.054	0.156
160	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.088	0.020	0.042	0.035	0.048
161	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.085	0.083	0.090	0.027	0.108
162	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.084	0.014	0.043	0.012	0.110
163	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.080	0.060	0.034	0.008	0.082
164	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.077	—	—	0.010	0.076
165	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.072	0.048	0.044	0.023	0.125
166	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.071	0.034	0.041	0.051	0.224
167	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.063	0.129	0.105	0.139	0.156
168	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.049	—	0.011	0.028	0.102
169	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.025	0.055	0.014	0.117	0.087
170	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.016	0.080	0.014	0.027	0.110
171	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.014	0.084	0.050	0.026	0.114
172	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.013	0.039	0.019	0.030	0.109

02In 1992

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

1Sweden0.911
2Denmark0.909
3Germany0.893
4Australiashared0.892
4Costa Ricashared0.892

Lowest

172Saudi Arabia0.013
171Oman0.014
170Qatar0.016
169United Arab Emirates0.025
168Bahrain0.049

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.378. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Liberal democracy (0–1)
HighestDenmark0.881
LowestNorth Korea0.014
Middle country: 0.256
Participatory democracy (0–1)
HighestSwitzerland0.787
LowestBahrain0.011
Middle country: 0.215
Deliberative democracy (0–1)
HighestSweden0.885
LowestIraq0.008
Middle country: 0.276
Egalitarian democracy (0–1)
HighestSweden0.873
LowestSomalia0.041
Middle country: 0.270

031991 → 1992

Since 1991

What changed between 1991 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+1 / −0countries joined / left
121values changed, of 171 in both
90 · 31rose · fell
50unchanged

Rose most

Suriname0.450 → 0.750+0.300
Mali0.210 → 0.473+0.263
Russia0.255 → 0.498+0.243
Burkina Faso0.193 → 0.415+0.222
Azerbaijan0.186 → 0.367+0.181

Fell most

Peru0.590 → 0.249−0.341
Algeria0.350 → 0.188−0.162
Estonia0.608 → 0.450−0.158
Haiti0.327 → 0.180−0.147
Georgia0.327 → 0.254−0.073

+ Bosnia and Herzegovina

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1992.
155 distinct values among 172
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 0.892. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
3 empty cells
An empty cell means the publisher gave no figure. It is never a zero.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
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Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download vdem-democracy-1992-nations-inquiry.csv
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The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1992). V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1992 [data set], describing 1992. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/vdem-democracy/1992

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1991
171 countries
The year after ›
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 1993
173 countries
All of them
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions