Data for 1998

Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1998

Name: Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1998
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1998, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1998 covers 172 countries. Australia is highest, at 0.990; North Korea is lowest, at 0.004. The middle country reads 0.603. Against 1997, 34 values changed (19 up, 15 down), 1 country joined.

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Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index · Data for 1998

HighestAustralia

0.990

LowestNorth Korea

0.004

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

172countries
1measure
1998the year it describes
158distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 26, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1998, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 172 countries · select a heading to sort

Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1998: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.990
2	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.988
3	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.987
4	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.984
5	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.974
6	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.973
=7	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.968
=7	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.968
9	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.960
10	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.955
=11	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.952
=11	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.952
=11	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.952
14	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.950
15	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.949
=16	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.944
=16	United States`USA`Northern America	0.944
=18	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.942
=18	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.942
20	Chile`CHL`South America	0.940
21	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.936
22	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.933
23	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.920
24	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.917
25	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.914
26	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.912
27	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.911
28	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.910
29	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.909
30	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.906
=31	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.904
=31	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.904
33	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.896
34	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.892
35	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.886
36	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.883
37	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.882
38	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.878
39	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.872
40	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.864
41	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.863
42	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.862
43	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.856
44	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.855
45	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.854
46	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.834
47	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.832
48	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.827
49	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.825
50	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.824
=51	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.821
=51	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.821
53	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.819
=54	Colombia`COL`South America	0.815
=54	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.815
56	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.797
57	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.783
58	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.782
59	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.780
60	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.778
61	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.768
62	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.761
63	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.757
64	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.753
65	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.751
66	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.748
67	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.746
68	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.738
69	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.729
70	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.719
=71	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.717
=71	Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	0.717
73	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.707
74	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.702
75	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.692
76	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.680
77	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.671
78	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.669
79	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.658
80	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.646
81	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.645
82	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.642
83	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.636
84	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.634
85	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.609
86	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.603
87	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.602
88	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.600
89	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.597
90	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.595
91	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.573
92	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.569
93	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.566
94	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.545
95	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.543
96	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.538
97	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.514
98	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.513
99	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.507
100	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.505
101	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.503
102	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.498
103	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.490
104	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.487
105	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.474
106	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.468
107	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.452
108	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.421
109	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.419
110	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.412
111	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.410
112	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.407
113	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.404
114	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.383
=115	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.380
=115	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.380
117	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.373
118	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.369
119	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.366
120	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.352
121	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.336
122	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.334
123	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.331
124	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.319
125	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.318
126	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.315
127	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.313
128	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.300
129	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.296
130	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.277
=131	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.275
=131	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.275
133	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.263
134	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.260
135	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.254
=136	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.226
=136	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.226
138	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.223
139	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.207
140	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.201
141	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.196
142	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.184
143	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.183
144	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.173
145	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.167
146	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.166
147	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.153
148	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.144
149	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.129
150	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.127
151	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.123
152	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.108
153	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.107
154	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.105
=155	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.093
=155	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.093
157	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.090
158	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.073
159	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.071
160	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.066
161	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.055
=162	Peru`PER`South America	0.052
=162	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.052
164	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.049
165	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.046
166	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.044
167	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.043
168	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.037
169	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.029
170	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.021
171	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.019
172	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.004

02In 1998

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Australia0.990
2Denmark0.988
3Switzerland0.987
4Norway0.984
5New Zealand0.974

Lowest

172North Korea0.004
171Uzbekistan0.019
170Sudan0.021
169Turkmenistan0.029
168Myanmar0.037

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.603. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031997 → 1998

Since 1997

What changed between 1997 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+1 / −0countries joined / left
34values changed, of 171 in both
19 · 15rose · fell
137unchanged

Rose most

Sierra Leone0.267 → 0.383+0.116
Slovakia0.725 → 0.832+0.107
DR Congo0.076 → 0.144+0.068
El Salvador0.461 → 0.490+0.029
Djibouti0.198 → 0.223+0.025

Fell most

Guyana0.731 → 0.669−0.062
Armenia0.315 → 0.260−0.055
Eswatini0.451 → 0.404−0.047
Venezuela0.684 → 0.646−0.038
Cambodia0.145 → 0.107−0.038

+ Montenegro

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1998.
158 distinct values among 172
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 0.952. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 172 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
172 rows · 4.7 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download judicial-constraints-1998-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1998). Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1998 [data set], describing 1998. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/judicial-constraints/1998

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1997
171 countries
The year after ›
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1999
174 countries
All of them
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions