Data for 1991

Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1991

Name: Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1991
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1991, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1991 covers 169 countries. Australia is highest, at 0.990; North Korea is lowest, at 0.004. The middle country reads 0.598. Against 1990, 61 values changed (44 up, 17 down), 3 countries joined.

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Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index · Data for 1991

HighestAustralia

0.990

LowestNorth Korea

0.004

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

169countries
1measure
1991the year it describes
151distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 26, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1991, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 169 countries · select a heading to sort

Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1991: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.990
2	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.988
3	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.987
4	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.984
5	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.974
6	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.973
=7	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.968
=7	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.968
9	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.966
10	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.960
11	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.953
=12	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.952
=12	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.952
14	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.949
15	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.945
16	United States`USA`Northern America	0.944
17	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.942
18	Chile`CHL`South America	0.940
19	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.939
20	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.936
21	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.931
22	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.914
23	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.912
=24	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.911
=24	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.911
26	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.910
27	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.909
28	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.908
29	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.904
30	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.896
31	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.890
32	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.887
33	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.883
34	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.882
35	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.878
36	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.877
37	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.869
38	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.864
=39	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.863
=39	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.863
41	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.857
42	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.855
43	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.835
=44	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.834
=44	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.834
46	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.827
=47	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.821
=47	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.821
49	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.819
50	Colombia`COL`South America	0.818
51	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.802
52	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.787
53	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.783
54	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.782
55	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.781
56	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.780
57	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.770
=58	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.769
=58	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.769
60	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.758
61	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.757
62	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.746
63	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.736
64	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.730
65	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.729
66	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.728
67	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.719
=68	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.717
=68	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.717
70	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.707
71	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.702
72	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.699
=73	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.695
=73	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.695
75	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.685
76	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.681
77	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.671
78	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.647
79	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.645
80	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.641
81	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.634
82	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.622
83	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.616
84	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.599
85	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.598
86	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.573
87	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.558
88	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.557
89	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.550
=90	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.545
=90	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.545
92	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.516
93	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.515
94	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.510
95	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.507
96	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.502
97	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.498
98	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.495
99	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.488
100	Peru`PER`South America	0.485
101	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.472
102	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.471
103	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.468
104	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.456
105	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.450
106	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.428
107	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.422
108	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.401
109	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.393
110	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.387
111	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.384
=112	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.380
=112	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.380
=112	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.380
=112	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.380
116	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.367
117	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.359
118	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.336
119	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.334
120	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.325
121	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.324
122	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.321
=123	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.296
=123	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.296
125	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.284
126	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.278
127	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.275
128	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.273
129	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.267
130	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.259
131	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.250
132	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.238
133	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.236
=134	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.226
=134	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.226
136	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.222
137	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.197
138	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.195
139	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.194
140	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.177
141	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.175
142	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.171
143	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.169
144	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.167
145	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.160
146	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.155
147	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.146
148	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.136
149	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.135
150	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.129
151	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.127
152	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.115
153	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.110
154	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.108
155	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.105
156	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.093
157	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.090
=158	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.055
=158	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.055
=160	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.052
=160	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.052
162	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.047
=163	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.043
=163	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.043
165	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.037
166	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.034
167	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.032
168	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.021
169	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.004

02In 1991

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Australia0.990
2Denmark0.988
3Switzerland0.987
4Norway0.984
5New Zealand0.974

Lowest

169North Korea0.004
168Sudan0.021
167Cambodia0.032
166Turkmenistan0.034
165Myanmar0.037

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.598. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031990 → 1991

Since 1990

What changed between 1990 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+3 / −0countries joined / left
61values changed, of 166 in both
44 · 17rose · fell
105unchanged

Rose most

Republic of the Congo0.154 → 0.545+0.391
Liberia0.222 → 0.510+0.288
Albania0.354 → 0.573+0.219
Colombia0.639 → 0.818+0.179
Russia0.051 → 0.197+0.146

Fell most

Sierra Leone0.310 → 0.177−0.133
Panama0.718 → 0.647−0.071
Lithuania0.913 → 0.890−0.023
Georgia0.304 → 0.284−0.020
Afghanistan0.174 → 0.155−0.019

+ Croatia

+ North Macedonia+ Somaliland

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.
151 distinct values among 169
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 4 countries share 0.380. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 169 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
169 rows · 4.6 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download judicial-constraints-1991-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1991). Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/judicial-constraints/1991

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1990
166 countries
The year after ›
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index, 1992
170 countries
All of them
Judicial Constraints on the Executive Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions