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Data for 2013

State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 2013

2013, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

V-Dem's measure of a state's fiscal source of revenue asks what the central government mainly lives on: nothing it can raise itself, loans and foreign aid, natural-resource rents and state assets, taxes on property and trade, or broad taxes on sales, incomes and profits. It is an expert-coded estimate on an open-ended scale centred near zero, and a higher figure means reliance on broader taxation — the end V-Dem treats as greater fiscal capacity.

State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 2013 covers 176 countries. Sweden is highest, at 3.135; Syria is lowest, at -1.806. The middle country reads 0.924. Against 2012, 11 values changed (5 up, 6 down), the same countries are covered.

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State Fiscal Source of Revenue · Data for 2013

HighestSweden

3.135

LowestSyria

-1.806

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 2013, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Showing 25 of 176 countries · select a heading to sort

State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 2013: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1SwedenSWENorthern Europe3.135
2SpainESPSouthern Europe3.026
3PortugalPRTSouthern Europe2.994
4SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe2.914
5NorwayNORNorthern Europe2.881
6IsraelISRWestern Asia2.879
7GermanyDEUWestern Europe2.844
8FinlandFINNorthern Europe2.826
9JapanJPNEastern Asia2.750
10TaiwanTWNEastern Asia2.737
11EstoniaESTNorthern Europe2.726
12CanadaCANNorthern America2.724
13LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe2.723
14South KoreaKOREastern Asia2.720
15IcelandISLNorthern Europe2.695
16AustriaAUTWestern Europe2.667
17ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia2.662
18IrelandIRLNorthern Europe2.644
19New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand2.629
20PolandPOLEastern Europe2.626
21HungaryHUNEastern Europe2.624
22TürkiyeTURWestern Asia2.607
23CyprusCYPWestern Asia2.605
24SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe2.601
25NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe2.598

02In 2013

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

  1. 1Sweden3.135
  2. 2Spain3.026
  3. 3Portugal2.994
  4. 4Switzerland2.914
  5. 5Norway2.881

Lowest

  1. 176Syria-1.806
  2. 175Comoros-1.794
  3. 174Somalia-1.653
  4. 173Central African Republic-1.473
  5. 172Guinea-Bissau-1.116

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.924. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

032012 → 2013

Since 2012

  • +0 / −0countries joined / left
  • 11values changed, of 176 in both
  • 5 · 6rose · fell
  • 165unchanged

Rose most

Fell most

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

  • One year of the 2026 release

    Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 2013.

  • 175 distinct values among 176

    Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share -0.044. Countries sharing a value share a position too.

  • Nothing missing

    Every one of the 176 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

Licence in full

What this site changed: Reshaped to one row per country, with its ISO code; no value recalculated, rescaled or rounded. In full

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (2013). State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 2013 [data set], describing 2013. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/fiscal-source-of-revenue/2013

0636 held

Other years