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Data for 1999

State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 1999

1999, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

V-Dem's measure of a state's fiscal source of revenue asks what the central government mainly lives on: nothing it can raise itself, loans and foreign aid, natural-resource rents and state assets, taxes on property and trade, or broad taxes on sales, incomes and profits. It is an expert-coded estimate on an open-ended scale centred near zero, and a higher figure means reliance on broader taxation — the end V-Dem treats as greater fiscal capacity.

State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 1999 covers 167 countries. Sweden is highest, at 3.135; Georgia is lowest, at -2.858. The middle country reads 0.813. Against 1998, 4 values changed (3 up, 1 down), 1 country joined.

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State Fiscal Source of Revenue · Data for 1999

HighestSweden

3.135

LowestGeorgia

-2.858

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 1999, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Showing 25 of 167 countries · select a heading to sort

State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 1999: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1SwedenSWENorthern Europe3.135
2SpainESPSouthern Europe3.026
3PortugalPRTSouthern Europe2.994
4SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe2.914
5NorwayNORNorthern Europe2.881
6IsraelISRWestern Asia2.879
7GermanyDEUWestern Europe2.844
8FinlandFINNorthern Europe2.826
9TaiwanTWNEastern Asia2.737
10EstoniaESTNorthern Europe2.726
11CanadaCANNorthern America2.724
12LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe2.723
13South KoreaKOREastern Asia2.720
14AustriaAUTWestern Europe2.667
15New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand2.629
16PolandPOLEastern Europe2.626
17HungaryHUNEastern Europe2.623
18TürkiyeTURWestern Asia2.607
19SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe2.601
20NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe2.598
21MauritiusMUSEastern Africa2.591
22AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand2.583
23IrelandIRLNorthern Europe2.535
24MaltaMLTSouthern Europe2.527
25DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe2.514

02In 1999

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

  1. 1Sweden3.135
  2. 2Spain3.026
  3. 3Portugal2.994
  4. 4Switzerland2.914
  5. 5Norway2.881

Lowest

  1. 167Georgia-2.858
  2. 166Somalia-2.363
  3. 165Malawi-1.966
  4. 164Comoros-1.794
  5. 163Kyrgyzstan-1.751

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.813. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031998 → 1999

Since 1998

  • +1 / −0countries joined / left
  • 4values changed, of 166 in both
  • 3 · 1rose · fell
  • 162unchanged

Rose most

Fell most

+ Kosovo

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

  • One year of the 2026 release

    Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 1999.

  • 166 distinct values among 167

    Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share -0.300. Countries sharing a value share a position too.

  • Nothing missing

    Every one of the 167 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

Licence in full

What this site changed: Reshaped to one row per country, with its ISO code; no value recalculated, rescaled or rounded. In full

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1999). State Fiscal Source of Revenue, 1999 [data set], describing 1999. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/fiscal-source-of-revenue/1999

0636 held

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