Data for 1998

Deliberative Democracy Index, 1998

Name: Deliberative Democracy Index, 1998
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1998, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Deliberative Democracy Index, 1998 covers 174 countries. Sweden is highest, at 0.881; 2 countries share the lowest reading, 0.007. The middle country reads 0.314. Against 1997, 110 values changed (64 up, 46 down), 1 country joined.

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Deliberative Democracy Index · Data for 1998

HighestSweden

0.881

Lowest2 countries share it

0.007

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

174countries
1measure
1998the year it describes
161distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 26, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Deliberative Democracy Index, 1998, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 174 countries · select a heading to sort

Deliberative Democracy Index, 1998: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.881
2	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.865
3	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.861
4	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.855
5	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.854
6	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.833
7	United States`USA`Northern America	0.826
8	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.823
9	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.804
10	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.802
11	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.801
12	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.796
=13	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.795
=13	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.795
=13	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.795
16	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.782
17	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.774
18	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.771
19	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.769
20	Chile`CHL`South America	0.765
21	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.759
=22	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.756
=22	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.756
24	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.750
25	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.744
26	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.742
27	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.738
28	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.737
29	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.731
30	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.729
31	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.726
32	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.724
33	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.703
34	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.698
35	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.678
36	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.663
37	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.661
38	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.657
39	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.648
40	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.642
41	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.640
42	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.634
43	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.632
44	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.617
45	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.604
=46	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.599
=46	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.599
48	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.597
49	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.590
50	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.588
51	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.587
52	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.572
53	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.556
54	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.554
55	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.546
56	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.541
57	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.530
58	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.520
=59	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.490
=59	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.490
61	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.485
62	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.482
63	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.479
64	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.478
65	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.467
66	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.444
67	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.434
68	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.422
69	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.418
70	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.417
71	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.416
72	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.415
73	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.409
74	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.404
75	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.376
76	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.367
77	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.363
78	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.358
79	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.350
80	Colombia`COL`South America	0.344
81	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.335
82	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.333
83	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.331
84	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.329
85	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.326
86	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.325
87	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.319
88	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.309
=89	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.304
=89	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.304
=89	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.304
92	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.294
=93	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.287
=93	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.287
=95	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.286
=95	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.286
97	Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	0.281
98	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.280
99	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.277
100	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.273
101	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.272
102	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.271
103	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.265
104	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.264
105	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.259
106	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.255
107	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.254
108	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.246
109	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.242
110	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.239
111	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.238
112	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.231
113	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.225
114	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.223
115	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.221
116	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.218
117	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.215
118	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.209
119	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.208
120	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.207
121	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.201
122	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.190
123	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.189
124	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.187
=125	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.177
=125	Peru`PER`South America	0.177
127	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.174
128	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.168
129	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.167
130	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.166
131	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.163
=132	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.162
=132	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.162
134	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.157
135	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.155
136	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.154
137	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.152
138	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.146
139	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.139
140	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.132
141	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.131
142	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.128
143	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.125
144	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.120
145	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.117
146	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.108
147	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.106
148	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.101
149	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.097
150	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.085
151	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.084
152	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.074
153	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.072
154	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.067
=155	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.060
=155	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.060
157	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.056
158	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.052
159	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.050
160	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.046
161	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.045
162	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.043
163	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.040
164	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.037
165	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.032
166	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.030
167	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.028
168	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.024
169	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.021
170	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.020
171	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.015
172	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.011
=173	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.007
=173	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.007

02In 1998

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Sweden0.881
2Germany0.865
3Denmark0.861
4Switzerland0.855
5Norway0.854

Lowest

173North Koreashared0.007
173Afghanistanshared0.007
172Timor-Leste0.011
171Iraq0.015
170Turkmenistan0.020

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.314. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031997 → 1998

Since 1997

What changed between 1997 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+1 / −0countries joined / left
110values changed, of 173 in both
64 · 46rose · fell
63unchanged

Rose most

Nigeria0.061 → 0.207+0.146
Indonesia0.119 → 0.231+0.112
Slovakia0.388 → 0.490+0.102
South Korea0.634 → 0.729+0.095
Moldova0.294 → 0.335+0.041

Fell most

Bolivia0.634 → 0.587−0.047
Sierra Leone0.271 → 0.239−0.032
Ukraine0.336 → 0.304−0.032
Bosnia and Herzegovina0.404 → 0.376−0.028
Republic of the Congo0.158 → 0.132−0.026

+ Montenegro

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1998.
161 distinct values among 174
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 0.795. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 174 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
174 rows · 4.7 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download deliberative-democracy-1998-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1998). Deliberative Democracy Index, 1998 [data set], describing 1998. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/deliberative-democracy/1998

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Deliberative Democracy Index, 1997
173 countries
The year after ›
Deliberative Democracy Index, 1999
175 countries
All of them
Deliberative Democracy Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions