Data for 1991

Deliberative Democracy Index, 1991

Name: Deliberative Democracy Index, 1991
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1991, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Deliberative Democracy Index, 1991 covers 171 countries. Sweden is highest, at 0.887; Iraq is lowest, at 0.008. The middle country reads 0.244. Against 1990, 132 values changed (105 up, 27 down), 4 countries joined.

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Deliberative Democracy Index · Data for 1991

HighestSweden

0.887

LowestIraq

0.008

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

171countries
1measure
1991the year it describes
152distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 26, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Deliberative Democracy Index, 1991, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 171 countries · select a heading to sort

Deliberative Democracy Index, 1991: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.887
=2	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.864
=2	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.864
=4	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.852
=4	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.852
6	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.832
7	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.820
8	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.812
9	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.804
10	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.799
11	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.796
12	United States`USA`Northern America	0.789
13	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.787
14	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.784
15	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.778
16	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.767
=17	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.764
=17	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.764
19	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.760
20	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.749
21	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.748
=22	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.744
=22	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.744
24	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.737
25	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.735
26	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.712
27	Chile`CHL`South America	0.707
28	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.689
29	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.686
30	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.666
31	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.665
32	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.660
33	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.655
34	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.646
35	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.639
36	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.630
37	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.620
38	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.616
39	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.615
40	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.579
41	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.578
42	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.569
43	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.558
44	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.555
45	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.550
46	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.521
47	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.520
48	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.509
49	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.503
50	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.500
51	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.495
52	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.486
53	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.479
54	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.456
55	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.446
56	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.443
57	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.439
58	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.435
59	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.413
60	Peru`PER`South America	0.400
61	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.393
62	Colombia`COL`South America	0.387
63	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.380
64	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.364
65	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.339
66	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.329
67	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.328
=68	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.323
=68	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.323
70	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.316
71	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.304
72	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.298
73	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.294
74	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.280
75	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.278
76	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.274
77	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.273
78	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.265
=79	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.263
=79	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.263
81	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.259
82	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.258
83	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.255
84	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.254
85	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.251
=86	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.244
=86	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.244
88	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.240
89	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.237
90	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.235
91	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.230
92	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.225
93	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.221
94	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.219
95	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.215
96	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.212
97	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.211
=98	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.203
=98	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.203
100	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.192
=101	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.190
=101	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.190
103	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.189
=104	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.182
=104	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.182
106	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.180
107	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.179
108	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.176
109	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.175
110	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.172
111	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.170
112	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.169
=113	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.161
=113	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.161
115	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.150
116	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.149
117	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.148
118	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.147
119	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.139
120	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.138
121	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.134
122	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.126
123	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.123
=124	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.117
=124	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.117
126	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.116
127	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.113
128	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.109
129	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.106
=130	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.105
=130	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.105
132	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.103
133	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.102
134	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.101
135	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.100
136	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.094
=137	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.093
=137	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.093
139	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.087
140	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.086
141	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.083
=142	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.082
=142	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.082
144	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.079
145	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.075
146	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.067
147	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.057
148	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.051
149	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.049
150	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.047
151	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.046
152	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.045
153	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.044
154	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.035
155	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.034
=156	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.030
=156	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.030
158	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.029
=159	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.028
=159	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.028
=159	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.028
=162	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.027
=162	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.027
164	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.026
165	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.024
166	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.023
167	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.022
168	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.021
169	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.014
170	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.010
171	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.008

02In 1991

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Sweden0.887
2Germanyshared0.864
2Denmarkshared0.864
4Switzerlandshared0.852
4Norwayshared0.852

Lowest

171Iraq0.008
170Timor-Leste0.010
169North Korea0.014
168Syria0.021
167Oman0.022

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.244. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031990 → 1991

Since 1990

What changed between 1990 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+4 / −0countries joined / left
132values changed, of 167 in both
105 · 27rose · fell
35unchanged

Rose most

Cabo Verde0.263 → 0.500+0.237
Slovenia0.458 → 0.689+0.231
Nepal0.143 → 0.323+0.180
Albania0.091 → 0.265+0.174
Mongolia0.275 → 0.446+0.171

Fell most

Suriname0.568 → 0.380−0.188
Estonia0.690 → 0.550−0.140
Thailand0.297 → 0.176−0.121
Lithuania0.682 → 0.665−0.017
Serbia0.119 → 0.102−0.017

+ Croatia

+ North Macedonia

+ Turkmenistan+ Somaliland

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.
152 distinct values among 171
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 0.028. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 171 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
171 rows · 4.6 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download deliberative-democracy-1991-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1991). Deliberative Democracy Index, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/deliberative-democracy/1991

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Deliberative Democracy Index, 1990
167 countries
The year after ›
Deliberative Democracy Index, 1992
172 countries
All of them
Deliberative Democracy Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions