Loading…
Photo: Dmitry A. Mottl (original) This derivative work (cropped): SHB2000 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 01 of 12 · Country Index 2026
Kazakhstan: Governance & Institutions
How well is the state actually run?
Kazakhstan is placed 51st of 193 countries on governance & institutions in the Country Index 2026, from 5 of its 5 key statistics. Readings behind it: Government Effectiveness 0.147 (2024); Government AI Readiness Index 56.7 (2025).
Governance & Institutions
51st
of 193 countries placed
Placed from 5 of 5 key statistics
- 0.147Government Effectiveness, 2024Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)
- 56.7Government AI Readiness Index, 2025AI readiness score (0–100)
- 84.89Statistical Performance Indicators, 2024SPI overall score (0–100)
- 38Corruption Perceptions Index, 2025CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean)
- 72Open Data Inventory, 2024ODIN overall score (0–100)
01The evidence
The 5 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Kazakhstan on governance & institutions — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country in that edition, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 5
Government Effectiveness
World Bank Group
Why it is a key: The quality of public services and the civil service that delivers them, and the credibility of a government's commitment to its own policies. Where the Corruption Perceptions Index asks whether a state is honest, this asks whether it is competent.
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
0.147
Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)
Higher is better
Kazakhstan: 0.147. Across the 209 countries in this edition, values run from -2.173 (South Sudan) to 2.28 (Singapore); the world median is 0.01.
- World median
- 0.01
- Best in Central Asia
- 0.147 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- China 0.896 · Kyrgyzstan -0.889 · Russia -0.322 · Turkmenistan -1.059 · Uzbekistan -0.144
Each grey tick is one of 209 countries in the 2024 edition.
Key 2 of 5
Government AI Readiness Index
Oxford Insights
Why it is a key: Government capacity to adopt modern technology in public service delivery. Correlates 0.835 with Statistical Performance, inside the 0.92 bar, and kept because readiness to use data is not the same as the ability to collect it.
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0
56.7
AI readiness score (0–100)
Higher is better
Ranked 58th of 195 by Oxford Insights
Kazakhstan: 56.7. Across the 195 countries in this edition, values run from 12.12 (Guinea-Bissau) to 88.36 (United States); the world median is 40.19.
- World median
- 40.19
- Best in Central Asia
- 56.7 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- China 76.27 · Kyrgyzstan 33.28 · Russia 59.57 · Turkmenistan 22.5 · Uzbekistan 56.11
Each grey tick is one of 195 countries in the 2025 edition.
Key 3 of 5
Statistical Performance Indicators
World Bank Group
Why it is a key: Whether a state can measure its own country. Nothing else here tests the capacity of the statistical system itself.
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
84.89
SPI overall score (0–100)
Higher is better
Kazakhstan: 84.89. Across the 188 countries in this edition, values run from 27.12 (South Sudan) to 94.14 (Norway); the world median is 69.3.
- World median
- 69.3
- Best in Central Asia
- 84.89 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- China 57.93 · Kyrgyzstan 79.15 · Russia 81.5 · Turkmenistan 29.65 · Uzbekistan 81.49
Each grey tick is one of 188 countries in the 2024 edition.
Key 4 of 5
Corruption Perceptions Index
Transparency International
Why it is a key: How much corruption the people who actually deal with a government perceive — an outcome, where the rest of this topic measures capacity.
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0 (the data), CC BY-ND 4.0 (the website and report)
38
CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean)
Higher is better
Ranked 96th of 181 by Transparency International
Kazakhstan: 38. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 9 (Somalia) to 89 (Denmark); the world median is 39.
- World median
- 39
- Best in Central Asia
- 38 Kazakhstan
- Land neighbours
- China 43 · Kyrgyzstan 26 · Russia 22 · Turkmenistan 17 · Uzbekistan 31
Each grey tick is one of 182 countries in the 2025 edition.
Key 5 of 5
Open Data Inventory
Open Data Watch
Why it is a key: Whether official statistics are published openly and usably, which is a separate question from whether they are produced at all.
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
72
ODIN overall score (0–100)
Higher is better
Ranked 42nd of 168 by Open Data Watch
Kazakhstan: 72. Across the 168 countries in this edition, values run from 19 (Turkmenistan) to 90 (Poland); the world median is 59.
- World median
- 59
- Best in Central Asia
- 83 Uzbekistan
- Land neighbours
- China 39 · Kyrgyzstan 59 · Russia 62 · Turkmenistan 19 · Uzbekistan 83
Each grey tick is one of 168 countries in the 2024 edition.
02Over time
Which way Kazakhstan is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Government Effectiveness
Governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong) · higher is better
KazakhstanWorld median
Kazakhstan rose from -1.096 in 2000 to 0.147 in 2024; the world median went from -0.316 to 0.01.
Every year’s figures
Year Kazakhstan World median 2024 0.147 0.0100 2023 0.152 -0.0178 2022 0.160 -0.0433 2021 0.018 -0.0445 2020 0.052 -0.0570 2019 0.059 0.0008 2018 -0.104 -0.0850 2017 0.012 -0.0494 2016 -0.108 -0.0573 2015 -0.011 -0.0652 2014 -0.007 -0.0643 2013 -0.590 -0.1437 2012 -0.620 -0.1872 2011 -0.750 -0.2491 2010 -0.793 -0.2029 2009 -0.761 -0.2422 2008 -0.834 -0.2768 2007 -0.927 -0.2973 2006 -0.917 -0.3138 2005 -0.947 -0.3488 2004 -0.926 -0.2985 2003 -1.134 -0.4232 2002 -1.130 -0.3086 2000 -1.096 -0.3159 Government AI Readiness Index
AI readiness score (0–100) · higher is better
KazakhstanWorld median
Kazakhstan rose from 46.55 in 2020 to 56.7 in 2025; the world median went from 39.58 to 40.19.
Every year’s figures
Year Kazakhstan World median 2025 57 40.2 2024 51 43.3 2023 49 41.4 2022 46 40.3 2021 48 44.1 2020 47 39.6 Statistical Performance Indicators
SPI overall score (0–100) · higher is better
KazakhstanWorld median
Kazakhstan rose from 71.68 in 2016 to 84.89 in 2024; the world median went from 56.25 to 69.3.
Every year’s figures
Year Kazakhstan World median 2024 84.9 69.30 2023 82.8 68.86 2022 81.9 67.99 2021 82.6 69.96 2020 78.5 62.91 2019 78.9 61.19 2018 79.3 61.17 2017 72.5 59.55 2016 71.7 56.25 Corruption Perceptions Index
CPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean) · higher is better
KazakhstanWorld median
Kazakhstan rose from 28 in 2012 to 38 in 2025; the world median went from 37 to 39.
Every year’s figures
Year Kazakhstan World median 2025 38 39.0 2024 40 40.0 2023 39 40.0 2022 36 39.5 2021 37 39.0 2020 38 40.0 2019 34 39.5 2018 31 38.0 2017 31 38.5 2016 29 38.0 2015 28 37.0 2014 29 38.0 2013 26 38.0 2012 28 37.0 Open Data Inventory
ODIN overall score (0–100) · higher is better
KazakhstanWorld median
Kazakhstan rose from 30 in 2015 to 72 in 2024; the world median went from 32 to 59.
Every year’s figures
Year Kazakhstan World median 2024 72 59 2022 63 51 2020 62 50 2018 53 44 2017 52 38 2016 48 39 2015 30 32
03In context
Kazakhstan beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 193 countries on governance & institutions, never a place within the region.
1st193rdNot placed · 31 countries with too few key statisticsNo data
Kazakhstan and the countries it borders
The standing is each country’s place among all 193 placed on the topic; the other columns are the publishers’ own values, read at the edition the standing used.
| Country | Standing | Government EffectivenessGovernance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong) | Government AI Readiness IndexAI readiness score (0–100) | Statistical Performance IndicatorsSPI overall score (0–100) | Corruption Perceptions IndexCPI score (0–100, where 100 is very clean) | Open Data InventoryODIN overall score (0–100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 51st | 0.147 | 56.7 | 84.89 | 38 | 72 |
 Uzbekistan | 61st | -0.144 | 56.11 | 81.49 | 31 | 83 |
 China | 81st | 0.896 | 76.27 | 57.93 | 43 | 39 |
 Russia | 95th | -0.322 | 59.57 | 81.5 | 22 | 62 |
 Kyrgyzstan | =117th | -0.889 | 33.28 | 79.15 | 26 | 59 |
 Turkmenistan | 185th | -1.059 | 22.5 | 29.65 | 17 | 19 |
“—” means the publisher gives no reading for that country in that edition. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed.
Across Central Asia
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 193.
Placed either side on governance & institutions
The countries immediately above and below Kazakhstan in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Kazakhstan is ahead of the world, and behind
15 more statistics filed under governance & institutions, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median6
Statistics on which Kazakhstan does better than the middle country measured.
Trade Union DensityILO · 2020 · world median 16.6846.9216.68No earlier reading
Kazakhstan: 46.92 · world median 16.68 · Employees who are trade union members (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 0.2 to 91.42; higher is better.
Position 9th of 139 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Social Protection CoverageILO · 2025 · world median 52.194.352.1No earlier reading
Kazakhstan: 94.3 · world median 52.1 · Population covered by at least one social protection benefit (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Agriculture Orientation IndexFAO · 2024 · world median 0.3050.720.305▼ Worsened since 2014
Kazakhstan: 0.72 · world median 0.305 · Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.03 to 5.38; higher is better.
Position 26th of 132 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Government Spending on EducationUIS · 2023 · world median 3.7094.8653.709▲ Improved since 2013
Kazakhstan: 4.865 · world median 3.709 · Government expenditure on education (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 16.39; higher is better.
Position 35th of 123 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Completeness of Birth RegistrationUNICEF · 2025 · world median 98.499.798.4No earlier reading
Kazakhstan: 99.7 · world median 98.4 · Children under 5 whose birth is registered (%). UNICEF, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.7 to 100; higher is better.
Regulatory QualityWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median -0.090.047-0.09▲ Improved since 2014
Kazakhstan: 0.047 · world median -0.09 · Regulatory Quality (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -2.035 to 2.132; higher is better.
Position 96th of 209 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Behind the world median7
Statistics on which Kazakhstan does worse than the middle country measured.
Rule of LawWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median -0.1-0.382-0.1▲ Improved since 2014
Kazakhstan: -0.382 · world median -0.1 · Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -2.205 to 2.021; higher is better.
Position 129th of 211 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Women, Business and the LawWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 81.2575.6381.25▼ Worsened since 2014
Kazakhstan: 75.63 · world median 81.25 · WBL Index (0–100, where 100 is full legal parity). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 26.25 to 100; higher is better.
Position 121st of 190 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Civic Space RatingsCIVICUS · 2025 · world median 50.4630.4850.46No earlier reading
Kazakhstan: 30.48 · world median 50.46 · Civic space score (0–100). CIVICUS, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.17 to 100; higher is better.
Position 140th of 198 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Voice and AccountabilityWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median -0.02-0.816-0.02▲ Improved since 2014
Kazakhstan: -0.816 · world median -0.02 · Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -2.29 to 1.929; higher is better.
Position 149th of 208 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
External Debt Stocks (% of GNI)World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 43.9462.643.94▲ Improved since 2014
Kazakhstan: 62.6 · world median 43.94 · External debt stocks (% of GNI). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 2.213 to 350.57; lower is better.
Position 32nd of 110 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = worst. The publisher ranks no country on this.
V-Dem Electoral Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.4970.2590.497▲ Improved since 2015
Kazakhstan: 0.259 · world median 0.497 · Electoral democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.016 to 0.913; higher is better.
Position 127th of 176 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = best. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Debt Service on External DebtWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 12.9348.4312.93No real change since 2014
Kazakhstan: 48.43 · world median 12.93 · Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.285 to 96.2; lower is better.
Position 4th of 109 — derived here by ordering the published values, 1st = worst. The publisher ranks no country on this.
No better end2
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Public Sector EmploymentWorld Bank Group · 2022 · world median 15.0137.1715.01No earlier reading
Kazakhstan: 37.17 · world median 15.01 · Public sector employment (% of total employment). World Bank Group, 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 1.672 to 47.1.
Position 6th of 135 — derived here by ordering the published values, counted from the highest value. The publisher ranks no country on this.
Public Sector Wage BillWorld Bank Group · 2022 · world median 7.9753.5577.975Moved since 2012
Kazakhstan: 3.557 · world median 7.975 · Public sector wage bill (% of GDP). World Bank Group, 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 0.977 to 42.65.
Position 154th of 168 — derived here by ordering the published values, counted from the highest value. The publisher ranks no country on this.
No current reading for Kazakhstan
Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Country Policy and Institutional Assessment, General Government Consumption (last 2024) and Government Funding per Primary Student (last 2019). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
05Country Index 2026
Governance & Institutions among Kazakhstan’s 12 topics
Governance & Institutions is Kazakhstan’s 2nd best-placed topic of 12. Strongest first; each marker sits at the position divided by that topic’s field, so fields of different sizes compare fairly.
- Education & Knowledge37th of 1824/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions51st of 1935/5 keys
- Health & Wellbeing60th of 2014/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation47th of 1503/3 keys
- Risk & Resilience65th of 1913/3 keys
- Work & Labour69th of 1824/4 keys
- Gender & Equality76th of 1783/3 keys
- Development & Human Capital95th of 1943/3 keys
- Peace & Security99th of 1773/3 keys
- Mobility & Connectivityjoint 88th of 1472/3 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties137th of 1983/3 keys
- Environment & Sustainability143rd of 1612/3 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on governance & institutions
The three countries placed highest of 193, and the leaders Kazakhstan can most readily be measured against.
1
DenmarkNorthern Europe
1st of 193 · 5 of 5 keys
Photo: User:Aconcagua · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
NorwayNorthern Europe
2nd of 193 · 5 of 5 keys
Photo: Ximonic , Simo Räsänen · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
FinlandNorthern Europe
3rd of 193 · 5 of 5 keys
Photo: Joonas Lyytinen · CC BY-SA 2.5, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Asia
Singapore4th4/5 keysHighest in Central Asia
Kazakhstan51st5/5 keys
Positions out of 193 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Kazakhstan and governance & institutions
08Questions
Kazakhstan on governance & institutions: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Kazakhstan rank on governance & institutions?
Kazakhstan is placed 51st of 193 countries on Governance & Institutions in the Country Index 2026, from 5 of its 5 key statistics (Government Effectiveness, Government AI Readiness Index, Statistical Performance Indicators, Corruption Perceptions Index and Open Data Inventory). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Government Effectiveness figure for Kazakhstan?
0.147 in 2024 (governance estimate (−2.5 weak to 2.5 strong)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 0.01.
What is the latest Government AI Readiness Index figure for Kazakhstan?
56.7 in 2025 (aI readiness score (0–100)), according to Oxford Insights. The world median in the same edition was 40.19.
How does Kazakhstan compare with China on governance & institutions?
China is placed 81st of 193, and Kazakhstan 51st. Government Effectiveness: China 0.896, Kazakhstan 0.147; Government AI Readiness Index: China 76.27, Kazakhstan 56.7; Statistical Performance Indicators: China 57.93, Kazakhstan 84.89; Corruption Perceptions Index: China 43, Kazakhstan 38; Open Data Inventory: China 39, Kazakhstan 72.
How have Kazakhstan’s governance & institutions figures changed?
Government Effectiveness rose from -1.096 in 2000 to 0.147 in 2024; Government AI Readiness Index rose from 46.55 in 2020 to 56.7 in 2025; Statistical Performance Indicators rose from 71.68 in 2016 to 84.89 in 2024; Corruption Perceptions Index rose from 28 in 2012 to 38 in 2025; Open Data Inventory rose from 30 in 2015 to 72 in 2024.
Which governance & institutions statistics are missing for Kazakhstan?
No current reading is published for Kazakhstan on Business Ready: Operational Efficiency, Business Ready: Public Services, Business Ready: Regulatory Framework, Country Policy and Institutional Assessment, General Government Consumption and Government Funding per Primary Student. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Keep reading
Explore further
Kazakhstan, topic by topic
- Economy & Innovation47th of 150
- Work & Labour69th of 182
- Education & Knowledge37th of 182
- Health & Wellbeing60th of 201
- Development & Human Capital95th of 194
- Environment & Sustainability143rd of 161
- Gender & Equality76th of 178
- Democracy & Civil Liberties137th of 198
- Peace & Security99th of 177
- Risk & Resilience65th of 191
- Mobility & Connectivity=88th of 147
- The full Kazakhstan profile
Nearby, on governance & institutions
The key statistics, for every country
10Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
Governance is not democracy. Free elections, civil liberties and press freedom belong to the Democracy & Civil Liberties topic, and a country can place well on one and poorly on the other. Nor does this topic measure the size of government or how much it spends — the share of the economy run by the state is published on this page as context, with no better end.
How the Governance & Institutions standing is decided, step by step
A standing is a place in a list, not a mark out of anything. This one is part of the Country Index 2026, and it is worked out like this.
- A few key indicators decide it; the rest are context. 5 indicators on this topic are keys and 21 are charted alongside them without a vote. That split is the point: if every statistic voted, importing five more of one kind would quietly change what the topic is about.
- Each key is read at one edition. ⚠ The keys behind this standing do not all describe the same year — they run from 2024 to 2025, because publishers release on their own schedules. Read the standing as “how this country places now”, not as a snapshot of one year.
- Every country’s published value is turned into a place within that one key’s own field, and then expressed as a share of that field — how far down this key’s list the country sits, rather than how many countries are above it. Keys where a higher published number is worse (terrorism, hunger, disaster risk) are turned round first, so the good end is always the same end.
- Dividing by the field first is the whole reason this works. A place carries the size of its list inside it: 22nd of 44 and 108th of 215 are the same showing, and averaging the numbers 22 and 108 says loudly that they are not. Fields on this site run from about 44 countries to about 215, so averaging raw places would reward a country for happening to be measured in small ones. Dividing each place by its own field removes the size and leaves only the showing.
- The shares are averaged, plainly. One key, one vote — no key is weighted above another, because any weighting would be this site’s opinion presented as a measurement. Countries are then put in order by that average, and the average itself is never published. It is our arithmetic with nothing anchoring it, so printing it would invite it to be read as a measurement somebody made. The position it produces, the band, and the keys it was built from are all published instead — every one of them checkable against the tables on this page.
- A country needs 3 of this topic’s 5 keys — half, rounded up, and never fewer than 2. A standing built from one reading, printed beside one built from four, is two different things sharing a column heading. 193 countries clear the bar here.
- A key has to earn its vote every edition. It must measure at least 120 countries (below that it starts measuring who was surveyed rather than the world), it must not have more than 10% of its field tied at either end, and it must not repeat another key in the same topic — Spearman correlation above 0.92 counts as repeating. A topic needs at least 2 surviving keys to place anyone at all; this one has 5.
- A standing is relative, and the grouping is ours. It says where a country places against the others measured alongside it, so it moves when they move. The publishers listed on this page did not agree to be read together, and each measures its subject its own way: the underlying numbers are theirs, the ordering on top is this site’s — the same method as the rest of the Country Index, applied to one subject instead of all of them.
The key statistics and their licences
- Government Effectiveness — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Government AI Readiness Index — Oxford Insights, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Statistical Performance Indicators — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Corruption Perceptions Index — Transparency International, CC BY 4.0 (the data), CC BY-ND 4.0 (the website and report)
- Open Data Inventory — Open Data Watch, CC BY 4.0
The other 15 statistics on this page come from 7 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Kazakhstan’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Kazakhstan (banner) — Dmitry A. Mottl (original) This derivative work (cropped): SHB2000, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Denmark — User:Aconcagua, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Norway — Ximonic , Simo Räsänen, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Finland — Joonas Lyytinen, CC BY-SA 2.5
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Kazakhstan: Governance & Institutions — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/kazakhstan/governance