Data for 1998

ND-GAIN Country Index, 1998

Name: ND-GAIN Country Index, 1998
Creator: Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame
License: https://gain-new.crc.nd.edu/about/download

1998, as ND-GAIN’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

ND-GAIN Country Index, 1998 covers 190 countries. Norway is highest, at 75.0670; Somalia is lowest, at 27.5802. The middle country reads 44.4362. Against 1997, 190 values changed (119 up, 71 down), the same countries are covered.

Download CSV Cite this year

Share this page

ND-GAIN Country Index · Data for 1998

HighestNorway

75.0670

LowestSomalia

27.5802

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

190countries
1measure
1998the year it describes
190distinct values13 decimals, as published
Sep 26, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 3.0licence

01ND-GAIN’s rank

The table

Every country and every column of ND-GAIN Country Index, 1998, as published. The rank is ND-GAIN’s own, as printed. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 190 countries · select a heading to sort

ND-GAIN Country Index, 1998: every country, as published by Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame.

1	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	75.0670
2	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	73.4782
3	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	73.3168
4	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	72.1274
5	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	71.9765
6	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	71.4766
7	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	70.9192
8	United States`USA`Northern America	70.1858
9	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	69.9853
10	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	68.7470
11	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	68.6456
12	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	68.3639
13	Canada`CAN`Northern America	67.8772
14	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	66.2995
15	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	65.8570
16	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	64.9802
17	France`FRA`Western Europe	64.6115
18	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	63.8099
19	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	63.0514
20	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	62.7148
21	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	60.6603
22	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	60.3313
=23	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	60.1100
=23	Monaco`MCO`Western Europe	60.0952
25	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	59.3037
26	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	59.2015
27	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	59.0322
28	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	58.3956
29	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	58.2242
30	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	56.8877
31	Dominica`DMA`Caribbean	56.8444
32	Chile`CHL`South America	56.6162
=33	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	56.2831
=33	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	56.3398
35	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	55.9982
36	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	55.5471
=37	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	55.0925
=37	Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	55.1158
=37	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	55.1045
40	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	54.0138
41	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	53.1544
=42	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	52.6313
=42	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	52.5533
44	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	52.4006
=45	Grenada`GRD`Caribbean	52.0421
=45	Nauru`NRU`Micronesia	51.9997
47	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	51.6811
48	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	51.2463
49	Uruguay`URY`South America	51.0877
50	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	50.9231
51	Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	50.8103
52	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	50.3993
53	Andorra`AND`Southern Europe	50.3379
54	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	50.1570
55	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	50.0528
56	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	50.0109
=57	Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	49.9279
=57	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	49.8860
=57	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	49.9115
60	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	49.6435
61	Antigua and Barbuda`ATG`Caribbean	49.3748
62	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	49.2153
=63	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	48.8060
=63	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	48.7690
=65	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	48.5505
=65	Saint Kitts and Nevis`KNA`Caribbean	48.6020
67	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	48.4642
=68	Argentina`ARG`South America	48.4341
=68	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	48.4106
70	Panama`PAN`Central America	48.1283
=71	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	48.0019
=71	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	47.9567
=73	Brazil`BRA`South America	47.8804
=73	Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	47.9215
=75	Palau`PLW`Micronesia	47.6607
=75	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	47.7006
77	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	47.6361
78	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	47.1580
79	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	47.1070
=80	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	46.7774
=80	Mexico`MEX`Central America	46.8375
82	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	46.6761
83	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	46.3449
84	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	46.0402
85	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	45.9077
=86	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	45.7148
=86	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	45.6539
88	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	45.5765
89	Peru`PER`South America	45.4179
=90	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	45.2312
=90	Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	45.2245
=90	Suriname`SUR`South America	45.1702
93	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	44.5682
=94	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	44.4513
=94	Venezuela`VEN`South America	44.5281
96	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	44.4212
=97	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	44.3335
=97	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	44.2596
99	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	43.8823
=100	Belize`BLZ`Central America	43.7225
=100	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	43.7469
102	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	43.5975
103	Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	43.4498
104	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	42.8022
105	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	42.7480
=106	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	42.5811
=106	Paraguay`PRY`South America	42.5504
=108	Bolivia`BOL`South America	42.5099
=108	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	42.4890
110	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	42.3998
111	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	42.3103
=112	Colombia`COL`South America	42.2417
=112	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	42.1649
=114	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	42.1312
=114	Tuvalu`TUV`Polynesia	42.0952
=116	Ecuador`ECU`South America	41.9745
=116	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	41.9619
=116	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	41.9675
=116	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	42.0264
=116	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	42.0376
=121	Guyana`GUY`South America	41.6734
=121	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	41.7400
=123	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	41.5900
=123	Tonga`TON`Polynesia	41.6062
=125	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	41.2652
=125	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	41.2925
=125	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	41.3210
128	Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	41.1506
129	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	41.0795
=130	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	40.8306
=130	Honduras`HND`Central America	40.8390
132	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	40.7391
=133	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	40.5659
=133	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	40.6134
135	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	40.5237
136	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	40.2718
137	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	40.1042
=138	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	39.9615
=138	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	40.0222
140	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	39.9115
141	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	39.7713
142	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	39.5625
143	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	39.5443
=144	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	39.3266
=144	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	39.3275
146	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	39.0779
147	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	38.9843
148	India`IND`Southern Asia	38.9276
=149	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	38.8258
=149	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	38.7704
151	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	38.7193
=152	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	38.6356
=152	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	38.6270
=154	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	38.4719
=154	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	38.4867
156	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	37.9729
157	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	37.9475
=158	Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	37.7857
=158	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	37.7577
=160	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	37.6083
=160	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	37.6454
162	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	37.4832
163	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	37.1947
164	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	37.0420
165	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	36.7498
166	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	36.1243
167	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	35.4705
=168	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	35.1835
=168	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	35.1509
=168	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	35.1832
171	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	34.9568
172	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	34.8852
173	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	34.7904
174	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	34.6601
175	Niger`NER`Western Africa	32.7533
176	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	32.5589
=177	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	32.4748
=177	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	32.5101
179	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	32.4249
180	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	31.5131
181	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	31.3459
182	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	31.2091
183	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	30.8876
184	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	30.7186
185	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	29.9466
186	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	29.7065
187	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	29.4437
188	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	28.8786
189	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	28.3121
190	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	27.5802

02In 1998

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

#1Norway75.0670
#2New Zealand73.4782
#3Finland73.3168
#4Denmark72.1274
#5United Kingdom71.9765

Lowest

#190Somalia27.5802
#189Guinea-Bissau28.3121
#188DR Congo28.8786
#187Chad29.4437
#186Rwanda29.7065

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 44.4362. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031997 → 1998

Since 1997

What changed between 1997 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+0 / −0countries joined / left
190values changed, of 190 in both
119 · 71rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Iceland66.6965 → 68.6456+1.9491
Armenia47.5800 → 48.4642+0.8843
Kazakhstan49.1051 → 49.8860+0.7809
Slovenia59.9560 → 60.6603+0.7043
Belarus47.9363 → 48.5505+0.6142

Fell most

Monaco63.4782 → 60.0952−3.3830
Peru46.5855 → 45.4179−1.1676
Indonesia42.6669 → 41.9619−0.7050
Brunei51.4291 → 50.8103−0.6187
Côte d’Ivoire39.3431 → 38.8258−0.5173

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from ND-GAIN’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1998.
The rank is ND-GAIN’s
Printed as the publisher ranked the countries; never re-ranked here.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 190 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
190 rows · 7.8 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download nd-gain-index-1998-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
ND-GAIN’s own file, on its own site.
resources-2026-14-07-13h00.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY 3.0 Unported · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), University of Notre Dame (1998). ND-GAIN Country Index, 1998 [data set], describing 1998. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/nd-gain-index/1998

0630 held

Other years

‹ The year before
ND-GAIN Country Index, 1997
190 countries
The year after ›
ND-GAIN Country Index, 1999
190 countries
All of them
ND-GAIN Country Index: every year
30 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions