Data for 2021

Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2021

Figures for 2021, as Ember published them · stored as published, never rewritten

Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2021 covers 203 countries on 3 measures. Turkmenistan is highest, at 1,306.09; Ethiopia is lowest, at 23.32. The middle country reads 477.79. Against 2020, 189 values changed (89 up, 100 down), the same countries are covered.

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Carbon Intensity of Electricity · Data for 2021

HighestTurkmenistan

1,306.09

LowestEthiopia

23.32

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the lowest end. A higher value is the worse result.

203countries
3measures per country
2021the year it describes
200distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 25, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2021, as published. Ember ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 203 countries · select a heading to sort

Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2021: every country, as published by Ember.
derived
1	TurkmenistanTKMCentral Asia	1,306.09	99.965	28.40
2	UzbekistanUZBCentral Asia	1,150.52	92.973	71.44
3	KosovoXKXSouthern Europe	945.44	93.488	6.91
4	BahrainBHRWestern Asia	903.72	99.882	33.91
5	BruneiBRNSouth-eastern Asia	894.21	100.000	5.70
6	BotswanaBWASouthern Africa	847.39	99.598	2.49
7	KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia	833.24	89.060	115.08
8	LibyaLBYNorthern Africa	831.36	99.971	34.79
9	MongoliaMNGEastern Asia	802.02	88.844	7.44
10	PolandPOLEastern Europe	756.36	82.907	178.79
11	South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa	741.53	87.261	245.46
12	IndiaINDSouthern Asia	716.18	78.655	1,677.39
13	Saudi ArabiaSAUWestern Asia	702.42	99.746	392.95
14	MontserratMSRCaribbean	700.00	100.000	0.01
15	IndonesiaIDNSouth-eastern Asia	696.98	82.831	405.96
16	SyriaSYRWestern Asia	692.17	96.131	21.71
17	Hong KongHKGEastern Asia	691.63	99.282	36.22
18	NigerNERWestern Africa	688.73	97.183	0.71
19	Trinidad and TobagoTTOCaribbean	681.23	99.892	9.27
20	BangladeshBGDSouthern Asia	679.04	98.589	95.65
21	IraqIRQWestern Asia	677.67	96.904	120.46
22	AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia	676.61	94.530	27.79
23	Republic of the CongoCOGMiddle Africa	669.10	73.723	4.11
24	MoldovaMDAEastern Europe	666.67	93.393	6.66
25	SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe	666.26	66.498	37.46
26	Puerto RicoPRICaribbean	666.06	95.351	19.36
27	Guinea-BissauGNBWestern Africa	662.50	100.000	0.08
28	ComorosCOMEastern Africa	661.54	100.000	0.13
29	Solomon IslandsSLBMelanesia	660.00	100.000	0.10
30	IranIRNSouthern Asia	659.84	94.630	356.41
=31	American SamoaASMPolynesia	658.82	100.000	0.17
=31	British Virgin IslandsVGBCaribbean	658.82	100.000	0.17
33	GambiaGMBWestern Africa	658.00	100.000	0.50
34	Turks and Caicos IslandsTCACaribbean	657.69	100.000	0.26
35	GrenadaGRDCaribbean	656.52	100.000	0.23
36	BahamasBHSCaribbean	654.90	99.510	2.04
37	TaiwanTWNEastern Asia	652.42	85.050	291.03
38	NauruNRUMicronesia	650.00	100.000	0.04
39	KuwaitKWTWestern Asia	649.58	99.740	80.80
40	South SudanSSDEastern Africa	647.37	98.246	0.57
41	Saint LuciaLCACaribbean	642.50	97.500	0.40
42	GuyanaGUYSouth America	641.23	96.491	1.14
43	Cayman IslandsCYMCaribbean	640.00	97.143	0.70
44	MoroccoMARNorthern Africa	639.69	80.194	41.30
45	United States Virgin IslandsVIRCaribbean	639.39	96.970	0.66
46	CubaCUBCaribbean	639.15	95.569	17.83
47	AlgeriaDZANorthern Africa	633.60	99.054	85.60
48	ChadTCDMiddle Africa	632.56	95.349	0.43
49	MauritiusMUSEastern Africa	630.77	78.595	2.99
50	GuamGUMMicronesia	629.89	95.402	1.74
51	Saint Kitts and NevisKNACaribbean	627.27	95.455	0.22
52	Antigua and BarbudaATGCaribbean	622.86	94.286	0.35
53	MaldivesMDVSouthern Asia	621.43	94.048	0.84
54	MalaysiaMYSSouth-eastern Asia	616.91	80.707	178.58
55	Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIHSouthern Europe	616.30	60.999	18.41
56	BarbadosBRBCaribbean	610.38	92.453	1.06
57	PhilippinesPHLSouth-eastern Asia	606.42	77.865	105.76
58	AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand	606.05	71.109	267.45
59	United Arab EmiratesAREWestern Asia	605.29	88.729	149.05
60	QatarQATWestern Asia	602.53	99.710	51.79
61	ChinaCHNEastern Asia	602.33	67.114	8,495.85
62	LebanonLBNWestern Asia	600.39	90.716	10.34
63	São Tomé and PríncipeSTPMiddle Africa	600.00	90.909	0.11
64	New CaledoniaNCLMelanesia	598.28	77.663	2.91
65	IsraelISRWestern Asia	596.37	92.148	74.12
66	SomaliaSOMEastern Africa	592.11	89.474	0.38
67	Equatorial GuineaGNQMiddle Africa	591.61	67.133	1.43
68	YemenYEMWestern Asia	590.75	82.877	2.92
69	BeninBENWestern Africa	587.61	98.230	1.13
70	EritreaERIEastern Africa	585.71	88.095	0.42
71	HaitiHTICaribbean	577.67	87.379	1.03
72	SeychellesSYCEastern Africa	576.67	86.667	0.60
73	TongaTONPolynesia	571.43	85.714	0.07
74	EgyptEGYNorthern Africa	568.08	87.904	209.66
75	ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia	566.96	84.991	176.36
76	CyprusCYPWestern Asia	565.23	84.766	5.12
77	TunisiaTUNNorthern Africa	564.98	96.895	21.90
78	North MacedoniaMKDSouthern Europe	564.92	70.163	5.53
=79	DominicaDMACaribbean	564.29	85.714	0.14
=79	Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVCTCaribbean	564.29	85.714	0.14
81	OmanOMNWestern Asia	559.10	98.293	41.00
82	Dominican RepublicDOMCaribbean	558.61	82.221	21.43
83	JamaicaJAMCaribbean	557.24	86.667	4.35
84	Burkina FasoBFAWestern Africa	554.39	81.871	1.71
85	ArubaABWCaribbean	549.00	83.000	1.00
86	SenegalSENWestern Africa	546.40	79.730	6.66
87	JordanJORWestern Asia	540.03	77.013	21.36
88	Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa	537.21	81.395	0.43
89	NigeriaNGAWestern Africa	522.86	79.337	39.20
90	JapanJPNEastern Asia	514.59	73.967	1,034.67
91	PalestinePSEWestern Asia	509.89	75.824	0.91
92	Papua New GuineaPNGMelanesia	509.49	75.276	4.53
93	MaltaMLTSouthern Europe	506.76	87.838	2.22
94	SingaporeSGPSouth-eastern Asia	506.27	97.096	55.79
95	TürkiyeTURWestern Asia	501.83	64.600	327.88
=96	KiribatiKIRMicronesia	500.00	75.000	0.04
=96	VanuatuVUTMelanesia	500.00	75.000	0.08
98	MadagascarMDGEastern Africa	487.35	66.798	2.53
99	MyanmarMMRSouth-eastern Asia	484.13	50.651	19.98
100	GhanaGHAWestern Africa	478.58	65.217	22.08
101	MauritaniaMRTWestern Africa	478.48	71.519	1.58
102	VietnamVNMSouth-eastern Asia	477.79	57.226	253.61
103	French PolynesiaPYFPolynesia	477.27	71.212	0.66
104	CzechiaCZEEastern Europe	471.68	50.550	83.66
105	BoliviaBOLSouth America	466.24	61.546	10.87
106	TogoTGOWestern Africa	466.20	77.465	0.71
107	South KoreaKOREastern Asia	459.50	66.087	607.76
108	MexicoMEXCentral America	456.25	71.390	328.59
109	PakistanPAKSouthern Asia	453.14	61.104	148.32
110	EstoniaESTNorthern Europe	450.35	60.083	7.19
111	LiberiaLBRWestern Africa	442.11	65.789	0.38
112	GabonGABMiddle Africa	440.20	53.378	2.96
113	MacauMACEastern Asia	434.00	58.000	0.50
114	BelarusBLREastern Europe	433.19	82.909	41.25
115	ChileCHLSouth America	432.29	51.112	88.10
116	Côte d’IvoireCIVWestern Africa	432.07	76.123	11.35
117	DjiboutiDJIEastern Africa	430.00	65.000	0.20
118	RussiaRUSEastern Europe	426.90	61.746	1,157.07
119	United StatesUSANorthern America	423.78	60.487	4,153.62
120	Sri LankaLKASouthern Asia	417.93	50.600	17.51
121	BulgariaBGREastern Europe	415.33	43.244	47.22
122	MaliMLIWestern Africa	414.47	60.914	3.94
123	Faroe IslandsFRONorthern Europe	409.30	60.465	0.43
124	ArgentinaARGSouth America	406.98	69.174	153.15
125	MontenegroMNESouthern Europe	401.33	38.196	3.77
126	GermanyDEUWestern Europe	394.65	47.890	578.83
127	GreeceGRCSouthern Europe	383.06	59.200	54.24
128	SamoaWSMPolynesia	376.47	52.941	0.17
129	CambodiaKHMSouth-eastern Asia	356.85	41.298	9.71
130	IrelandIRLNorthern Europe	352.08	62.949	31.74
131	NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe	351.92	63.380	120.89
132	SurinameSURSouth America	351.68	51.675	2.09
133	Cook IslandsCOKPolynesia	350.00	50.000	0.04
134	North KoreaPRKEastern Asia	342.33	36.676	25.63
135	ItalyITASouthern Europe	339.10	59.253	285.49
136	TanzaniaTZAEastern Africa	320.23	63.121	8.65
137	CameroonCMRMiddle Africa	298.10	37.099	8.41
138	RomaniaROUEastern Europe	290.22	35.758	58.56
139	GuatemalaGTMCentral America	286.10	26.503	15.47
140	HondurasHNDCentral America	285.16	38.579	11.12
141	FijiFJIMelanesia	281.13	37.736	1.06
142	UkraineUKREastern Europe	279.48	31.041	156.44
143	RwandaRWAEastern Africa	278.00	41.000	1.00
144	ZimbabweZWEEastern Africa	270.60	29.288	8.57
145	SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe	268.70	28.480	15.59
146	United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe	267.06	45.245	307.90
147	ArmeniaARMWestern Asia	266.84	43.782	7.72
148	SudanSDNNorthern Africa	261.86	37.345	17.70
149	LaosLAOSouth-eastern Asia	260.51	26.459	44.90
150	NicaraguaNICCentral America	260.33	30.879	4.21
151	PeruPERSouth America	250.76	38.428	56.99
152	HungaryHUNEastern Europe	238.53	36.565	36.10
153	BurundiBDIEastern Africa	223.08	30.769	0.39
154	DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe	223.06	20.717	32.92
155	LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe	220.47	39.070	4.30
156	PortugalPRTSouthern Europe	210.67	35.920	49.22
157	CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe	210.39	30.311	15.11
158	ColombiaCOLSouth America	195.84	24.929	84.36
159	GuineaGINWestern Africa	194.78	26.923	3.64
160	SpainESPSouthern Europe	193.55	32.665	270.75
161	BelizeBLZCentral America	186.11	13.889	0.36
162	LatviaLVANorthern Europe	176.07	36.410	5.85
163	VenezuelaVENSouth America	174.27	20.765	82.93
164	AngolaAGOMiddle Africa	172.76	24.570	16.85
165	BrazilBRASouth America	168.05	20.388	656.40
166	SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe	167.24	24.242	29.70
167	CanadaCANNorthern America	165.47	19.165	652.40
168	LuxembourgLUXWestern Europe	163.42	19.512	1.23
169	PanamaPANCentral America	160.78	21.635	12.11
170	UruguayURYSouth America	150.59	15.385	15.99
171	KyrgyzstanKGZCentral Asia	150.40	14.399	15.14
172	EcuadorECUSouth America	149.10	18.804	32.12
173	El SalvadorSLVCentral America	145.13	13.963	7.09
174	New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand	145.12	18.278	43.55
175	GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia	136.95	18.829	12.64
176	FinlandFINNorthern Europe	135.72	14.325	72.11
177	AustriaAUTWestern Europe	135.38	20.879	66.67
178	EswatiniSWZSouthern Africa	135.29	3.922	0.51
179	MozambiqueMOZEastern Africa	132.08	17.020	18.86
180	BelgiumBELWestern Europe	131.82	26.479	99.40
181	GreenlandGRLNorthern America	123.53	15.686	0.51
182	TajikistanTJKCentral Asia	110.96	9.942	20.72
183	AfghanistanAFGSouthern Asia	110.38	12.264	1.06
184	KenyaKENEastern Africa	95.88	10.178	12.38
185	ZambiaZMBEastern Africa	90.29	8.014	17.72
186	FranceFRAWestern Europe	59.80	8.877	550.31
187	MalawiMWIEastern Africa	56.83	4.372	1.83
188	Sierra LeoneSLEWestern Africa	55.00	5.000	0.20
189	UgandaUGAEastern Africa	53.51	2.467	5.27
190	NamibiaNAMSouthern Africa	52.98	2.649	1.51
191	SwedenSWENorthern Europe	41.69	1.781	171.78
192	SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe	38.63	2.726	63.09
193	IcelandISLNorthern Europe	27.90	0.000	19.39
194	NorwayNORNorthern Europe	26.90	0.681	157.13
195	Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa	26.67	0.000	0.15
196	Costa RicaCRICentral America	26.55	0.000	12.73
197	DR CongoCODMiddle Africa	25.65	0.000	14.19
198	ParaguayPRYSouth America	25.02	0.000	40.84
199	LesothoLSOSouthern Africa	24.53	0.000	0.53
200	NepalNPLSouthern Asia	23.99	0.000	9.63
201	AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe	23.83	0.000	8.94
202	BhutanBTNSouthern Asia	23.75	0.000	10.82
203	EthiopiaETHEastern Africa	23.32	0.000	15.78

02In 2021

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline, then the highest and lowest on each other measure.

Highest

1Turkmenistan1,306.09
2Uzbekistan1,150.52
3Kosovo945.44
4Bahrain903.72
5Brunei894.21

Lowest

203Ethiopia23.32
202Bhutan23.75
201Albania23.83
200Nepal23.99
199Lesotho24.53

A higher value is the worse result. The middle country reads 477.79. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

Each measure’s ends

Fossil fuels (% of generation)
Highest11 share it
Lowest10 share it
Middle country: 66.798
Total generation (TWh)
HighestChina8,495.85
LowestMontserrat0.01
Middle country: 12.11

032020 → 2021

Since 2020

What changed between 2020 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+0 / −0countries joined / left
189values changed, of 203 in both
89 · 100rose · fell
14unchanged

Rose most

Madagascar421.30 → 487.35+66.06
Ireland291.39 → 352.08+60.69
Uruguay94.62 → 150.59+55.97
Vanuatu444.44 → 500.00+55.56
Estonia404.44 → 450.35+45.91

Fell most

Djibouti661.54 → 430.00−231.54
Cook Islands500.00 → 350.00−150.00
Zimbabwe371.09 → 270.60−100.49
Sri Lanka513.21 → 417.93−95.28
Bosnia and Herzegovina711.20 → 616.30−94.90

Changes in value, not in places: a country’s place also moves when others do. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

200 distinct values among 203
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share 658.82. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
Ember publishes values only. The order here sorts the published values, and the page says so wherever it prints one.
Which end is better
A higher value is the worse result.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 203 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
203 rows · 8.0 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download electricity-carbon-intensity-2021-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
Ember’s own file, on its own site.
release_generation_yearly_global.csv

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially. Credit the publisher and say if you changed anything.

Cite this edition

Ember (2021). Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2021 [data set], describing 2021. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/electricity-carbon-intensity/2021

0625 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2020
203 countries
The year after ›
Carbon Intensity of Electricity, 2022
203 countries
All of them
Carbon Intensity of Electricity: every year
25 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions