Data for 1998

Trade (% of GDP), 1998

Name: Trade (% of GDP), 1998
Creator: World Bank Group
License: https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use

1998, as World Bank Group’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Trade (% of GDP), 1998 covers 162 countries. Singapore is highest, at 312.079; Brazil is lowest, at 16.439. The middle country reads 71.594. Against 1997, 162 values changed (77 up, 85 down), the same countries are covered.

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Trade (% of GDP) · Data for 1998

HighestSingapore

312.079

LowestBrazil

16.439

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

162countries
1measure
1998the year it describes
162distinct values13 decimals, as published
Sep 6, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Trade (% of GDP), 1998, as published. World Bank Group ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 162 countries · select a heading to sort

Trade (% of GDP), 1998: every country, as published by World Bank Group.
derived
1	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	312.079
2	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	236.570
3	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	221.133
4	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	209.492
5	Guyana`GUY`South America	203.842
6	Aruba`ABW`Caribbean	163.267
7	Panama`PAN`Central America	157.996
8	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	157.772
9	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	157.047
10	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	156.838
11	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	148.902
12	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	134.910
13	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	132.243
14	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	130.443
15	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	125.667
16	Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	124.888
17	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	124.709
18	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	122.958
19	Honduras`HND`Central America	122.697
20	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	119.370
21	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	116.803
22	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	113.001
23	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	112.408
24	Marshall Islands`MHL`Micronesia	111.951
25	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	109.052
26	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	107.351
27	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	107.319
28	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	106.896
29	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	102.861
30	Micronesia`FSM`Micronesia	102.531
31	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	101.906
32	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	101.841
33	Paraguay`PRY`South America	101.606
34	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	100.240
35	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	97.068
36	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	97.001
37	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	96.320
38	Puerto Rico`PRI`Caribbean	96.273
39	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	96.186
40	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	95.975
41	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	94.960
42	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	94.928
43	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	94.741
44	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	94.509
45	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	93.049
46	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	92.131
47	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	92.038
48	Faroe Islands`FRO`Northern Europe	91.610
49	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	91.058
50	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	89.365
51	Palestine`PSE`Western Asia	88.992
52	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	88.513
53	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	87.574
54	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	86.050
55	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	85.583
56	Belize`BLZ`Central America	85.284
57	Kiribati`KIR`Micronesia	85.015
58	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	84.270
59	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	83.939
60	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	83.139
61	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	81.881
62	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	80.600
63	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	80.483
64	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	80.077
65	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	79.979
66	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	78.974
67	Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	78.731
68	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	78.495
69	Tonga`TON`Polynesia	78.292
70	Canada`CAN`Northern America	78.081
71	Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	77.726
72	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	77.350
73	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	77.228
74	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	77.045
75	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	76.587
76	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	75.911
77	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	75.619
78	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	74.335
79	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	72.662
80	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	72.334
81	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	71.842
82	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	71.345
83	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	70.768
84	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	66.991
85	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	66.329
86	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	65.204
87	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	64.984
88	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	63.831
89	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	62.679
90	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	61.425
91	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	60.872
92	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	59.594
93	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	57.896
94	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	57.014
95	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	56.942
96	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	56.710
97	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	56.546
98	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	56.250
99	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	56.088
100	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	55.772
101	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	55.738
102	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	54.717
103	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	53.871
104	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	53.839
105	Chile`CHL`South America	53.836
106	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	53.654
107	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	53.567
108	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	52.730
109	Bolivia`BOL`South America	52.281
110	New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	51.716
111	France`FRA`Western Europe	51.421
112	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	51.391
113	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	51.050
114	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	50.155
115	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	49.141
116	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	48.897
117	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	48.099
118	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	48.059
119	Mexico`MEX`Central America	48.032
120	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	47.131
121	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	45.672
122	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	45.418
123	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	45.094
124	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	44.998
125	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	44.424
126	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	44.036
127	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	43.501
128	Ecuador`ECU`South America	43.395
129	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	42.490
130	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	42.295
131	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	41.928
132	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	40.940
133	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	40.377
134	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	40.253
135	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	39.924
136	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	39.830
137	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	39.167
138	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	39.008
139	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	37.332
140	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	36.521
141	Colombia`COL`South America	35.909
142	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	35.757
143	Uruguay`URY`South America	35.640
144	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	35.333
145	Niger`NER`Western Africa	35.020
146	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	34.012
147	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	33.065
148	Peru`PER`South America	32.953
149	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	32.845
150	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	32.505
151	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	32.172
152	French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	31.746
153	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	30.044
154	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	29.228
155	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	27.880
156	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	26.144
157	India`IND`Southern Asia	23.699
158	Argentina`ARG`South America	23.350
159	United States`USA`Northern America	22.826
160	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	21.875
161	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	18.765
162	Brazil`BRA`South America	16.439

02In 1998

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Singapore312.079
2Luxembourg236.570
3Hong Kong221.133
4Malaysia209.492
5Guyana203.842

Lowest

162Brazil16.439
161Japan18.765
160Sudan21.875
159United States22.826
158Argentina23.350

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 71.594. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031997 → 1998

Since 1997

What changed between 1997 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+0 / −0countries joined / left
162values changed, of 162 in both
77 · 85rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Indonesia55.994 → 96.186+40.192
DR Congo33.750 → 62.679+28.929
Iraq106.188 → 132.243+26.055
Bosnia and Herzegovina100.631 → 125.667+25.036
Luxembourg212.089 → 236.570+24.481

Fell most

Tajikistan181.590 → 106.896−74.695
Guinea-Bissau69.490 → 43.501−25.989
Eritrea115.415 → 94.928−20.487
Solomon Islands100.911 → 83.139−17.772
Bahrain130.672 → 113.001−17.671

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from World Bank Group’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1998.
The position is ours
World Bank Group publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 162 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
162 rows · 6.2 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download trade-to-gdp-1998-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
World Bank Group’s own file, on its own site.
NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

World Bank Group (1998). Trade (% of GDP), 1998 [data set], describing 1998. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/trade-to-gdp/1998

0656 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Trade (% of GDP), 1997
162 countries
The year after ›
Trade (% of GDP), 1999
162 countries
All of them
Trade (% of GDP): every year
56 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions

Trade (% of GDP), 1998: questions and answers

Which country has the highest trade openness in Trade (% of GDP), 1998?

Singapore, at 312.079, of the 162 countries in the file.

What year does Trade (% of GDP), 1998 describe?

1998.

How many countries does Trade (% of GDP), 1998 cover?

162.

Where can I download Trade (% of GDP), 1998?

On this page, as a CSV file holding every value exactly as published, or from the publisher’s own site, linked below.

Is Trade (% of GDP), 1998 the newest?

No. The newest held here is Trade (% of GDP), 2025.

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