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Dataset · GGDC

Total Factor Productivity Level

54 years, 1970–2023 · 120 countries

Total factor productivity measures how much output an economy gets from its capital, its workers and their schooling, compared with the United States in the same year. A level of 0.5 means the country produces about half what the US would with the same inputs. It is the Penn World Table's best-known measure, and the standard way economists compare how efficiently countries use what they have.

This site holds every year from 1970 to 2023, read from GGDC’s own data and stored exactly as published.

Open Total Factor Productivity Level, 2023Download all 54 · CSVSee it charted by country →

Total Factor Productivity Level · the file

Newest
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2023
Held
54 years · 5,954 rows
Licence
CC BY 4.0

0154 years

Every year

Every year comes from GGDC’s 2025 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.

1970bar height: countries covered, up to 1202023
Every year of Total Factor Productivity Level held on this site, newest first, with its download files.
YearCountriesChangeReadDownload
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2023Newest120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2022120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2021120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2020120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2019120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2018120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2017120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2016120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2015120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2014120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2013120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2012120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Show all 54 years
YearCountriesChangeReadDownload
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2011120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2010120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2009120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2008120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2007120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2006120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2005120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2004120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2003120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2002120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2001120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 2000120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1999120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1998120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1997120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1996120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1995120±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1994120+15September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1993105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1992105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1991105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1990105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1989105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1988105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1987105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1986105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1985105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1984105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1983105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1982105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1981105±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 1980105+11September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197994±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197894±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197794+1September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197693±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197593+1September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197492+11September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197381±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197281±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197181±0September 29, 2026CSV
Total Factor Productivity Level, 197081—September 29, 2026CSV

Every year in one file, one row per country per year: total-factor-productivity-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv

023 columns

What’s in the file

Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.

Every column in the newest file of Total Factor Productivity Level: what it holds, how it is stored, and its range.
ColumnWhat it holdsStored asRange, 2023DistinctEmptySpread
CountrycountryNameThe country’s name, as this file spells it.Text—1200
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifierThe ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it.Text · 3 letters—1200
TFP level at current PPPs (USA = 1)tfp_levelHeadlineThe headline figure: TFP level at current PPPs (USA = 1).Number · up to 16 decimals0.0518Venezuela1.1922Egyptmiddle 0.62651200

Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. A higher value is the better result.

03120 countries across every year

Who is covered

How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.

All regions
Countries in each year of Total Factor Productivity Level, by continent.
201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Africa303030303030303030303030
Americas232323232323232323232323
Asia292929292929292929292929
Europe353535353535353535353535
Oceania333333333333
All120120120120120120120120120120120120

The newest 12 of 54 years.

Who joined and who left

  • 1994
    + Armenia+ Czechia+ Estonia+ Croatia+ Kazakhstan+ Kyrgyzstan+ Lithuania+ Latvia+ Moldova+ Russia+ Serbia+ Slovakia+ Slovenia+ Tajikistan+ Ukraine
  • 1980
    + Burundi+ Benin+ Central African Republic+ Fiji+ Laos+ Macau+ Mongolia+ Nicaragua+ Sierra Leone+ Eswatini+ Togo
  • 1977
    + Mauritania
  • 1975
    + El Salvador
  • 1974
    + Angola+ Albania+ Bulgaria+ Bahrain+ Hungary+ Iraq+ Kuwait+ Poland+ Qatar+ Saudi Arabia+ Sudan

Not in this dataset · 105 places this site covers

GGDC gives no figure for these in any year held here. It is the publisher’s choice of scope, and each place’s profile shows what is measured.

AfghanistanAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAnguillaAntigua and BarbudaArubaAzerbaijanBahamasBangladeshBelarusBelizeBermudaBhutanBosnia and HerzegovinaBritish Virgin IslandsBruneiCabo VerdeCambodiaCayman IslandsChadChannel IslandsComorosCook IslandsCubaCuraçaoDjiboutiDominicaDR CongoEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaFaroe IslandsFrench PolynesiaGambiaGeorgiaGhanaGibraltarGreenlandGrenadaGuamGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiIsle of ManKiribatiKosovoLebanonLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinMadagascarMalawiMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMicronesiaMonacoMontenegroMontserratMyanmarNauruNepalNew CaledoniaNiueNorth KoreaNorth MacedoniaNorthern CyprusNorthern Mariana IslandsOmanPakistanPalauPalestinePapua New GuineaPuerto RicoRepublic of the CongoSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSão Tomé and PríncipeSeychellesSint MaartenSolomon IslandsSomaliaSomalilandSouth SudanSurinameSyriaTimor-LesteTongaTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUnited Arab EmiratesUnited States Virgin IslandsUzbekistanVanuatuVatican CityVietnamYemen

04Provenance

Where it comes from

The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.

The site’s method

  1. 1 · Publisher

    Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC)

    rug.nl

  2. 2 · Their file

    Penn World Table 11.0 — TFP level, 2023

    554105

  3. 3 · Read by this site

    September 29, 2026

    Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.

  4. 4 · Stored as

    54 files, one per year

    Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as total-factor-productivity-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv

  5. 5 · Used on

    Its statistic page, and every profile it measures

    /statistics/total-factor-productivity

Precision

The headline is stored to 16 decimals, as published.

Rounded by this site

Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.

Changed by this site

Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

From Penn World Table 11.0 (column ctfp), published by the Groningen Growth and Development Centre. It covers the countries for which the table can estimate capital stocks and employment.

05Reuse

Licence and credit

What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.

Every publisher’s terms

Licence · checked September 29, 2026

CC BY 4.0

  • Share and redistribute it
  • Adapt it and build on it
  • Use it commercially
  • Credit the publisher
  • Say what you changed

Share, adapt and use commercially. Credit the publisher and say if you changed anything.

A credit line

Source: Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), Total Factor Productivity Level, via Nations Inquiry.

Cite this dataset

Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC). Total Factor Productivity Level, 1970–2023 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/total-factor-productivity

The publisher’s own citation: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table", American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150–3182. Penn World Table version 11.0, www.ggdc.net/pwt.

Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.

06Where it is used

Around the site

Where these numbers appear on this site, and the datasets nearest to it.

07Questions

Total Factor Productivity Level: questions and answers

What is the Total Factor Productivity Level?

Total factor productivity measures how much output an economy gets from its capital, its workers and their schooling, compared with the United States in the same year. A level of 0.5 means the country produces about half what the US would with the same inputs. It is the Penn World Table's best-known measure, and the standard way economists compare how efficiently countries use what they have.

Which years of the Total Factor Productivity Level can I download?

All 54, from 1970 to 2023, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.

Does GGDC rank countries on it?

No, and this site does not order it either. The files hold values only.

Can I use it commercially?

Yes, under CC BY 4.0, with credit to GGDC. The licence text is linked on this page.

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