Dataset · Lenka Dražanová
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization
69 years, 1945–2013 · 156 countries
The Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization measures how ethnically diverse a country's population is: the chance that two people chosen at random belong to different ethnic groups. Compiled by Lenka Dražanová at the European University Institute, it runs from 0, where everyone belongs to one group, towards 1, where the population is split among many small groups, year by year from 1945 to 2013.
This site holds every year from 1945 to 2013, read from Lenka Dražanová’s own data and stored exactly as published.
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization · the file
- Newest
- Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 2013
- Held
- 69 years · 8,436 rows
- Licence
- Public domain or CC0
0169 years
Every year
Every year comes from Lenka Dražanová’s 2020 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.
Show all 69 years
Every year in one file, one row per country per year: ethnic-fractionalization-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv
023 columns
What’s in the file
Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.
| Column | What it holds | Stored as | Range, 2013 | Distinct | Empty | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CountrycountryName | The country’s name, as this file spells it. | Text | — | 156 | 0 | |
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifier | The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it. | Text · 3 letters | — | 156 | 0 | |
Ethnic fractionalization (0–1)ethnic_fractionalizationHeadline | The headline figure: Ethnic fractionalization index (0–1): the probability that two randomly drawn people belong to different ethnic groups. | Number · up to 3 decimals | 0.019 | 148 | 0 |
Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score.
03156 countries across every year
Who is covered
How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
| Americas | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Asia | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
| Europe | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 |
| Oceania | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| All | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 |
The newest 12 of 69 years.
Who joined and who left
- 2002
+ Timor-Leste
- 1993
+ Czechia
+ Eritrea
+ Slovakia
- 1992
+ Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 1991
+ Armenia
+ Azerbaijan
+ Belarus
+ Germany
+ Estonia
+ Georgia
+ Croatia
+ Kazakhstan
+ Kyrgyzstan
+ Lithuania
+ Latvia
+ Moldova
+ North Macedonia
+ Russia
+ Serbia
+ Slovenia
+ Tajikistan
+ Turkmenistan
+ Ukraine
+ Uzbekistan
+ Yemen
- 1990
+ Namibia
- 1978
+ Solomon Islands
- 1977
+ Djibouti
- 1976
+ Vietnam
Not in this dataset · 69 places this site covers
Lenka Dražanová gives no figure for these in any year held here. It is the publisher’s choice of scope, and each place’s profile shows what is measured.
04Provenance
Where it comes from
The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.
1 · Publisher
Lenka Dražanová, European University Institute (Migration Policy Centre)
2 · Their file
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization 2013
3 · Read by this site
October 3, 2026
Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.4 · Stored as
69 files, one per year
Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as ethnic-fractionalization-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv5 · Used on
Its statistic page, and every profile it measures
Precision
The headline is stored to 3 decimals, as published.
Rounded by this site
Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.
Changed by this site
Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.
From the author's own Harvard Dataverse deposit, released in 2020 and dedicated to the public domain (CC0). The index is the author's, computed from group shares compiled by the Cline Center's Composition of Religious and Ethnic Groups project at the University of Illinois; the group shares themselves are not republished here.
05Reuse
Licence and credit
What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.
Licence · checked October 3, 2026
- Share and redistribute it
- Adapt it and build on it
- Use it commercially
No conditions at all. Crediting the publisher is still the courteous thing to do.
A credit line
Source: Lenka Dražanová, European University Institute (Migration Policy Centre), Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, via Nations Inquiry.
Cite this dataset
Lenka Dražanová, European University Institute (Migration Policy Centre). Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1945–2013 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/ethnic-fractionalization
The publisher’s own citation: Dražanová, Lenka (2020). "Introducing the Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization (HIEF) Dataset: Accounting for Longitudinal Changes in Ethnic Diversity." Journal of Open Humanities Data 6: 6. https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.16. Data: Harvard Dataverse, doi:10.7910/DVN/4JQRCL, version 2.0.
Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.
06Where it is used
Around the site
Where these numbers appear on this site, and the datasets nearest to it.
Charted
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization by countryWho is highest, the map, the spread, who rose and fell, and the records.
Subjects
Near neighbours
- Population Living in Cities (Degree of Urbanisation)UN DESA Population Division · 76 held · 1950–2025
- Urban Population Share (National Definitions)UN DESA Population Division · 76 held · 1950–2025
- Crude Birth RateUN DESA Population Division · 74 held · 1950–2023
07Questions
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization: questions and answers
What is the Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization?
The Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization measures how ethnically diverse a country's population is: the chance that two people chosen at random belong to different ethnic groups. Compiled by Lenka Dražanová at the European University Institute, it runs from 0, where everyone belongs to one group, towards 1, where the population is split among many small groups, year by year from 1945 to 2013.
Which years of the Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization can I download?
All 69, from 1945 to 2013, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.
Does Lenka Dražanová rank countries on it?
No, and this site does not order it either. The files hold values only.
Can I use it commercially?
Yes, under CC0 1.0, with credit to Lenka Dražanová. The licence text is linked on this page.