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Dataset · Lenka Dražanová

Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization

69 years, 1945–2013 · 156 countries

The Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization measures how ethnically diverse a country's population is: the chance that two people chosen at random belong to different ethnic groups. Compiled by Lenka Dražanová at the European University Institute, it runs from 0, where everyone belongs to one group, towards 1, where the population is split among many small groups, year by year from 1945 to 2013.

This site holds every year from 1945 to 2013, read from Lenka Dražanová’s own data and stored exactly as published.

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Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization · the file

Newest
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 2013
Held
69 years · 8,436 rows
Licence
Public domain or CC0

0169 years

Every year

Every year comes from Lenka Dražanová’s 2020 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.

1945bar height: countries covered, up to 1562013
Show all 69 years
YearCountriesChangeReadDownload
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 2001155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 2000155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1999155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1998155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1997155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1996155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1995155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1994155±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1993155+3October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1992152+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1991151+21October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1990130+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1989129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1988129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1987129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1986129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1985129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1984129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1983129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1982129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1981129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1980129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1979129±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1978129+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1977128+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1976127+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1975126+3October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1974123+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1973122±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1972122±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1971122+4October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1970118+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1969117±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1968117+2October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1967115±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1966115+3October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1965112+2October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1964110+2October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1963108+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1962107+4October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1961103+3October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1960100+19October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195981±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195881+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195780+2October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195678+3October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195575±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195475+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195374+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195273±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195173+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 195072±0October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 194972+2October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 194870+5October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 194765+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 194664+1October 3, 2026CSV
Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 194563—October 3, 2026CSV

Every year in one file, one row per country per year: ethnic-fractionalization-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv

023 columns

What’s in the file

Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.

Every column in the newest file of Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization: what it holds, how it is stored, and its range.
ColumnWhat it holdsStored asRange, 2013DistinctEmptySpread
CountrycountryNameThe country’s name, as this file spells it.Text—1560
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifierThe ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it.Text · 3 letters—1560
Ethnic fractionalization (0–1)ethnic_fractionalizationHeadlineThe headline figure: Ethnic fractionalization index (0–1): the probability that two randomly drawn people belong to different ethnic groups.Number · up to 3 decimals0.019Japan0.889Liberiamiddle 0.4441480

Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score.

03156 countries across every year

Who is covered

How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.

All regions
Countries in each year of Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, by continent.
200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013
Africa484848484848484848484848
Americas252525252525252525252525
Asia454545454545454545454545
Europe343434343434343434343434
Oceania444444444444
All156156156156156156156156156156156156

The newest 12 of 69 years.

Who joined and who left

  • 2002
    + Timor-Leste
  • 1993
    + Czechia+ Eritrea+ Slovakia
  • 1992
    + Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • 1991
    + Armenia+ Azerbaijan+ Belarus+ Germany+ Estonia+ Georgia+ Croatia+ Kazakhstan+ Kyrgyzstan+ Lithuania+ Latvia+ Moldova+ North Macedonia+ Russia+ Serbia+ Slovenia+ Tajikistan+ Turkmenistan+ Ukraine+ Uzbekistan+ Yemen
  • 1990
    + Namibia
  • 1978
    + Solomon Islands
  • 1977
    + Djibouti
  • 1976
    + Vietnam

04Provenance

Where it comes from

The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.

The site’s method
  1. 1 · Publisher

    Lenka Dražanová, European University Institute (Migration Policy Centre)

  2. 2 · Their file

    Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization 2013

  3. 3 · Read by this site

    October 3, 2026

    Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.
  4. 4 · Stored as

    69 files, one per year

    Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as ethnic-fractionalization-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv
  5. 5 · Used on

    Its statistic page, and every profile it measures

Precision

The headline is stored to 3 decimals, as published.

Rounded by this site

Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.

Changed by this site

Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

From the author's own Harvard Dataverse deposit, released in 2020 and dedicated to the public domain (CC0). The index is the author's, computed from group shares compiled by the Cline Center's Composition of Religious and Ethnic Groups project at the University of Illinois; the group shares themselves are not republished here.

05Reuse

Licence and credit

What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.

Every publisher’s terms

Licence · checked October 3, 2026

CC0 1.0

  • Share and redistribute it
  • Adapt it and build on it
  • Use it commercially

No conditions at all. Crediting the publisher is still the courteous thing to do.

A credit line

Source: Lenka Dražanová, European University Institute (Migration Policy Centre), Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, via Nations Inquiry.

Cite this dataset

Lenka Dražanová, European University Institute (Migration Policy Centre). Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization, 1945–2013 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/ethnic-fractionalization

The publisher’s own citation: Dražanová, Lenka (2020). "Introducing the Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization (HIEF) Dataset: Accounting for Longitudinal Changes in Ethnic Diversity." Journal of Open Humanities Data 6: 6. https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.16. Data: Harvard Dataverse, doi:10.7910/DVN/4JQRCL, version 2.0.

Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.

06Where it is used

Around the site

Where these numbers appear on this site, and the datasets nearest to it.

07Questions

Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization: questions and answers

What is the Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization?

The Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization measures how ethnically diverse a country's population is: the chance that two people chosen at random belong to different ethnic groups. Compiled by Lenka Dražanová at the European University Institute, it runs from 0, where everyone belongs to one group, towards 1, where the population is split among many small groups, year by year from 1945 to 2013.

Which years of the Historical Index of Ethnic Fractionalization can I download?

All 69, from 1945 to 2013, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.

Does Lenka Dražanová rank countries on it?

No, and this site does not order it either. The files hold values only.

Can I use it commercially?

Yes, under CC0 1.0, with credit to Lenka Dražanová. The licence text is linked on this page.

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