Data for 1998

Equal Protection Index, 1998

1998, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Equal Protection Index, 1998 covers 174 countries. Luxembourg is highest, at 0.986; Somalia is lowest, at 0.016. The middle country reads 0.677. Against 1997, 23 values changed (17 up, 6 down), 1 country joined.

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Equal Protection Index · Data for 1998

HighestLuxembourg

0.986

LowestSomalia

0.016

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end. A higher value is the better result.

174countries
1measure
1998the year it describes
157distinct values3 decimals, as published
Oct 3, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Equal Protection Index, 1998, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 174 countries · select a heading to sort

Equal Protection Index, 1998: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	LuxembourgLUXWestern Europe	0.986
2	DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe	0.983
=3	JapanJPNEastern Asia	0.979
=3	SwedenSWENorthern Europe	0.979
5	NorwayNORNorthern Europe	0.975
6	FinlandFINNorthern Europe	0.968
7	ItalyITASouthern Europe	0.966
8	BelgiumBELWestern Europe	0.962
=9	AustriaAUTWestern Europe	0.960
=9	GermanyDEUWestern Europe	0.960
11	SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe	0.951
12	IrelandIRLNorthern Europe	0.950
13	SpainESPSouthern Europe	0.945
14	NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe	0.933
15	PortugalPRTSouthern Europe	0.930
16	IcelandISLNorthern Europe	0.929
17	United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe	0.927
=18	AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand	0.921
=18	CzechiaCZEEastern Europe	0.921
20	HungaryHUNEastern Europe	0.913
21	LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe	0.911
22	EstoniaESTNorthern Europe	0.901
23	GreeceGRCSouthern Europe	0.896
24	FranceFRAWestern Europe	0.895
25	IsraelISRWestern Asia	0.890
26	MongoliaMNGEastern Asia	0.883
=27	MaliMLIWestern Africa	0.880
=27	New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand	0.880
29	Costa RicaCRICentral America	0.879
=30	BeninBENWestern Africa	0.877
=30	MaltaMLTSouthern Europe	0.877
32	CubaCUBCaribbean	0.872
33	PolandPOLEastern Europe	0.863
34	SingaporeSGPSouth-eastern Asia	0.855
35	TaiwanTWNEastern Asia	0.852
36	United StatesUSANorthern America	0.851
37	SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe	0.840
38	Burkina FasoBFAWestern Africa	0.839
39	Trinidad and TobagoTTOCaribbean	0.836
40	VanuatuVUTMelanesia	0.834
=41	LesothoLSOSouthern Africa	0.833
=41	SeychellesSYCEastern Africa	0.833
=43	Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa	0.828
=43	South KoreaKOREastern Asia	0.828
=45	ArgentinaARGSouth America	0.820
=45	LatviaLVANorthern Europe	0.820
47	MauritiusMUSEastern Africa	0.805
48	CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe	0.802
49	SenegalSENWestern Africa	0.795
50	North MacedoniaMKDSouthern Europe	0.789
51	RomaniaROUEastern Europe	0.782
52	Solomon IslandsSLBMelanesia	0.781
=53	ArmeniaARMWestern Asia	0.779
=53	UruguayURYSouth America	0.779
55	NepalNPLSouthern Asia	0.778
56	CanadaCANNorthern America	0.774
57	NigerNERWestern Africa	0.772
58	Hong KongHKGEastern Asia	0.770
59	GhanaGHAWestern Africa	0.761
60	BelarusBLREastern Europe	0.759
=61	South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa	0.753
=61	TogoTGOWestern Africa	0.753
63	CyprusCYPWestern Asia	0.743
64	BulgariaBGREastern Europe	0.741
65	KyrgyzstanKGZCentral Asia	0.740
66	SurinameSURSouth America	0.738
67	GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia	0.736
68	LebanonLBNWestern Asia	0.734
69	ChileCHLSouth America	0.732
70	MalawiMWIEastern Africa	0.721
=71	BarbadosBRBCaribbean	0.716
=71	IndiaINDSouthern Asia	0.716
73	EritreaERIEastern Africa	0.707
74	NamibiaNAMSouthern Africa	0.704
75	RwandaRWAEastern Africa	0.701
=76	AlgeriaDZANorthern Africa	0.696
=76	MozambiqueMOZEastern Africa	0.696
=76	TunisiaTUNNorthern Africa	0.696
79	CameroonCMRMiddle Africa	0.695
80	MaldivesMDVSouthern Asia	0.693
81	FijiFJIMelanesia	0.691
82	GuyanaGUYSouth America	0.690
83	ZambiaZMBEastern Africa	0.689
84	BotswanaBWASouthern Africa	0.686
85	AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia	0.680
86	TanzaniaTZAEastern Africa	0.679
87	VietnamVNMSouth-eastern Asia	0.678
88	MoroccoMARNorthern Africa	0.675
89	VenezuelaVENSouth America	0.663
90	SlovakiaSVKEastern Europe	0.659
91	UkraineUKREastern Europe	0.653
92	MontenegroMNESouthern Europe	0.649
93	São Tomé and PríncipeSTPMiddle Africa	0.647
94	MoldovaMDAEastern Europe	0.643
=95	ColombiaCOLSouth America	0.639
=95	TajikistanTJKCentral Asia	0.639
97	TürkiyeTURWestern Asia	0.633
98	PanamaPANCentral America	0.627
99	SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe	0.623
100	SyriaSYRWestern Asia	0.618
=101	AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe	0.614
=101	GambiaGMBWestern Africa	0.614
103	NigeriaNGAWestern Africa	0.613
=104	IranIRNSouthern Asia	0.612
=104	JamaicaJAMCaribbean	0.612
106	EthiopiaETHEastern Africa	0.611
107	MauritaniaMRTWestern Africa	0.609
108	GuineaGINWestern Africa	0.601
109	ComorosCOMEastern Africa	0.600
=110	OmanOMNWestern Asia	0.599
=110	Papua New GuineaPNGMelanesia	0.599
112	Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIHSouthern Europe	0.598
113	KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia	0.591
114	JordanJORWestern Asia	0.590
115	BhutanBTNSouthern Asia	0.584
116	UgandaUGAEastern Africa	0.581
117	BoliviaBOLSouth America	0.572
118	BrazilBRASouth America	0.571
119	Guinea-BissauGNBWestern Africa	0.568
120	KuwaitKWTWestern Asia	0.559
121	Sri LankaLKASouthern Asia	0.548
122	PhilippinesPHLSouth-eastern Asia	0.543
123	Saudi ArabiaSAUWestern Asia	0.539
124	DjiboutiDJIEastern Africa	0.538
125	Côte d’IvoireCIVWestern Africa	0.537
126	LibyaLBYNorthern Africa	0.536
127	RussiaRUSEastern Europe	0.531
128	KenyaKENEastern Africa	0.523
129	BurundiBDIEastern Africa	0.499
130	LiberiaLBRWestern Africa	0.486
131	EcuadorECUSouth America	0.467
132	IraqIRQWestern Asia	0.461
133	Equatorial GuineaGNQMiddle Africa	0.447
134	NicaraguaNICCentral America	0.444
135	Dominican RepublicDOMCaribbean	0.442
136	GabonGABMiddle Africa	0.428
137	MalaysiaMYSSouth-eastern Asia	0.397
138	BahrainBHRWestern Asia	0.388
139	MexicoMEXCentral America	0.385
140	United Arab EmiratesAREWestern Asia	0.379
141	IndonesiaIDNSouth-eastern Asia	0.378
142	ZimbabweZWEEastern Africa	0.367
143	ChinaCHNEastern Asia	0.365
144	EgyptEGYNorthern Africa	0.330
145	ChadTCDMiddle Africa	0.325
146	MadagascarMDGEastern Africa	0.313
147	Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa	0.303
148	QatarQATWestern Asia	0.254
149	TurkmenistanTKMCentral Asia	0.249
150	SomalilandXSLEastern Africa	0.244
151	ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia	0.241
152	GuatemalaGTMCentral America	0.225
153	PeruPERSouth America	0.220
154	EswatiniSWZSouthern Africa	0.218
155	HondurasHNDCentral America	0.215
156	LaosLAOSouth-eastern Asia	0.212
157	MyanmarMMRSouth-eastern Asia	0.199
158	BangladeshBGDSouthern Asia	0.187
159	El SalvadorSLVCentral America	0.183
160	Timor-LesteTLSSouth-eastern Asia	0.175
161	UzbekistanUZBCentral Asia	0.171
162	ParaguayPRYSouth America	0.154
163	Republic of the CongoCOGMiddle Africa	0.153
164	AfghanistanAFGSouthern Asia	0.150
165	AngolaAGOMiddle Africa	0.144
166	PakistanPAKSouthern Asia	0.137
167	DR CongoCODMiddle Africa	0.135
168	YemenYEMWestern Asia	0.118
169	CambodiaKHMSouth-eastern Asia	0.117
170	Sierra LeoneSLEWestern Africa	0.092
171	HaitiHTICaribbean	0.078
172	North KoreaPRKEastern Asia	0.046
173	SudanSDNNorthern Africa	0.028
174	SomaliaSOMEastern Africa	0.016

02In 1998

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Luxembourg0.986
2Denmark0.983
3Japanshared0.979
3Swedenshared0.979
5Norway0.975

Lowest

174Somalia0.016
173Sudan0.028
172North Korea0.046
171Haiti0.078
170Sierra Leone0.092

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.677. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031997 → 1998

Since 1997

What changed between 1997 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+1 / −0countries joined / left
23values changed, of 173 in both
17 · 6rose · fell
150unchanged

Rose most

Türkiye0.536 → 0.633+0.097
Thailand0.168 → 0.241+0.073
Kenya0.462 → 0.523+0.061
Ecuador0.410 → 0.467+0.057
Indonesia0.353 → 0.378+0.025

Fell most

Tajikistan0.686 → 0.639−0.047
China0.410 → 0.365−0.045
Azerbaijan0.704 → 0.680−0.024
Russia0.550 → 0.531−0.019
Armenia0.791 → 0.779−0.012

+ Montenegro

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1998.
157 distinct values among 174
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 0.696. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only. The order here sorts the published values, and the page says so wherever it prints one.
Which end is better
A higher value is the better result.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 174 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
174 rows · 4.7 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download equal-protection-1998-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially with credit — and anything you publish that adapts it must carry the same licence.

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1998). Equal Protection Index, 1998 [data set], describing 1998. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/equal-protection/1998

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Equal Protection Index, 1997
173 countries
The year after ›
Equal Protection Index, 1999
175 countries
All of them
Equal Protection Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions