Data for 1991

Equal Protection Index, 1991

1991, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Equal Protection Index, 1991 covers 171 countries. Luxembourg is highest, at 0.986; Sudan is lowest, at 0.028. The middle country reads 0.666. Against 1990, 49 values changed (29 up, 20 down), 3 countries joined.

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Equal Protection Index · Data for 1991

HighestLuxembourg

0.986

LowestSudan

0.028

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end. A higher value is the better result.

171countries
1measure
1991the year it describes
152distinct values3 decimals, as published
Oct 3, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Equal Protection Index, 1991, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 171 countries · select a heading to sort

Equal Protection Index, 1991: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	LuxembourgLUXWestern Europe	0.986
2	DenmarkDNKNorthern Europe	0.983
=3	JapanJPNEastern Asia	0.979
=3	SwedenSWENorthern Europe	0.979
5	NorwayNORNorthern Europe	0.975
6	FinlandFINNorthern Europe	0.968
7	ItalyITASouthern Europe	0.966
8	BelgiumBELWestern Europe	0.962
=9	AustriaAUTWestern Europe	0.960
=9	GermanyDEUWestern Europe	0.960
11	SwitzerlandCHEWestern Europe	0.951
12	IrelandIRLNorthern Europe	0.950
13	SpainESPSouthern Europe	0.945
14	NetherlandsNLDWestern Europe	0.933
15	PortugalPRTSouthern Europe	0.930
=16	IcelandISLNorthern Europe	0.929
=16	United KingdomGBRNorthern Europe	0.929
=18	AustraliaAUSAustralia and New Zealand	0.921
=18	CzechiaCZEEastern Europe	0.921
20	HungaryHUNEastern Europe	0.913
21	EstoniaESTNorthern Europe	0.901
22	UkraineUKREastern Europe	0.897
23	GreeceGRCSouthern Europe	0.896
24	IsraelISRWestern Asia	0.890
25	New ZealandNZLAustralia and New Zealand	0.880
26	Costa RicaCRICentral America	0.879
=27	BeninBENWestern Africa	0.877
=27	MaltaMLTSouthern Europe	0.877
29	LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe	0.873
30	CubaCUBCaribbean	0.872
31	PolandPOLEastern Europe	0.863
32	MaliMLIWestern Africa	0.859
33	SingaporeSGPSouth-eastern Asia	0.855
34	United StatesUSANorthern America	0.851
35	TaiwanTWNEastern Asia	0.849
36	SloveniaSVNSouthern Europe	0.840
37	Burkina FasoBFAWestern Africa	0.839
38	Hong KongHKGEastern Asia	0.838
39	Trinidad and TobagoTTOCaribbean	0.836
40	VanuatuVUTMelanesia	0.834
41	SeychellesSYCEastern Africa	0.833
42	South KoreaKOREastern Asia	0.821
43	ArgentinaARGSouth America	0.820
44	FranceFRAWestern Europe	0.818
45	ArmeniaARMWestern Asia	0.810
46	AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia	0.809
47	MauritiusMUSEastern Africa	0.805
48	LatviaLVANorthern Europe	0.799
49	SenegalSENWestern Africa	0.795
50	BulgariaBGREastern Europe	0.794
51	RomaniaROUEastern Europe	0.782
52	Solomon IslandsSLBMelanesia	0.781
=53	North MacedoniaMKDSouthern Europe	0.779
=53	UruguayURYSouth America	0.779
55	NepalNPLSouthern Asia	0.778
56	CanadaCANNorthern America	0.776
57	NigerNERWestern Africa	0.772
58	GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia	0.769
59	MongoliaMNGEastern Asia	0.765
60	BelarusBLREastern Europe	0.750
61	CyprusCYPWestern Asia	0.743
62	SurinameSURSouth America	0.738
=63	Cabo VerdeCPVWestern Africa	0.737
=63	LebanonLBNWestern Asia	0.737
65	ChileCHLSouth America	0.732
66	GambiaGMBWestern Africa	0.727
=67	BarbadosBRBCaribbean	0.716
=67	IndiaINDSouthern Asia	0.716
69	NamibiaNAMSouthern Africa	0.704
70	UgandaUGAEastern Africa	0.700
71	TajikistanTJKCentral Asia	0.698
=72	LesothoLSOSouthern Africa	0.696
=72	MozambiqueMOZEastern Africa	0.696
=72	TunisiaTUNNorthern Africa	0.696
75	MaldivesMDVSouthern Asia	0.693
76	GuyanaGUYSouth America	0.690
=77	CameroonCMRMiddle Africa	0.689
=77	ZambiaZMBEastern Africa	0.689
79	AlgeriaDZANorthern Africa	0.688
80	EritreaERIEastern Africa	0.687
=81	TanzaniaTZAEastern Africa	0.679
=81	TogoTGOWestern Africa	0.679
83	VietnamVNMSouth-eastern Asia	0.678
84	CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe	0.673
85	FijiFJIMelanesia	0.669
86	KyrgyzstanKGZCentral Asia	0.666
87	VenezuelaVENSouth America	0.663
88	MoldovaMDAEastern Europe	0.657
89	São Tomé and PríncipeSTPMiddle Africa	0.650
90	MoroccoMARNorthern Africa	0.640
91	KazakhstanKAZCentral Asia	0.629
92	RussiaRUSEastern Europe	0.621
=93	PanamaPANCentral America	0.618
=93	SyriaSYRWestern Asia	0.618
95	ComorosCOMEastern Africa	0.617
96	AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe	0.614
97	NigeriaNGAWestern Africa	0.613
=98	IranIRNSouthern Asia	0.612
=98	JamaicaJAMCaribbean	0.612
100	BotswanaBWASouthern Africa	0.611
101	GuineaGINWestern Africa	0.607
102	SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe	0.604
103	JordanJORWestern Asia	0.603
104	AfghanistanAFGSouthern Asia	0.602
=105	BrazilBRASouth America	0.599
=105	Papua New GuineaPNGMelanesia	0.599
107	GhanaGHAWestern Africa	0.577
108	Côte d’IvoireCIVWestern Africa	0.571
109	EthiopiaETHEastern Africa	0.569
110	BoliviaBOLSouth America	0.567
111	KuwaitKWTWestern Asia	0.564
112	LiberiaLBRWestern Africa	0.553
113	Sri LankaLKASouthern Asia	0.548
114	BhutanBTNSouthern Asia	0.543
115	Saudi ArabiaSAUWestern Asia	0.539
=116	LibyaLBYNorthern Africa	0.536
=116	PhilippinesPHLSouth-eastern Asia	0.536
=116	TürkiyeTURWestern Asia	0.536
119	Guinea-BissauGNBWestern Africa	0.530
120	ZimbabweZWEEastern Africa	0.493
121	Dominican RepublicDOMCaribbean	0.491
122	TurkmenistanTKMCentral Asia	0.467
123	KenyaKENEastern Africa	0.462
124	IraqIRQWestern Asia	0.461
125	MalawiMWIEastern Africa	0.460
126	RwandaRWAEastern Africa	0.454
127	Equatorial GuineaGNQMiddle Africa	0.444
128	ChinaCHNEastern Asia	0.441
=129	ColombiaCOLSouth America	0.428
=129	GabonGABMiddle Africa	0.428
131	EgyptEGYNorthern Africa	0.415
132	BurundiBDIEastern Africa	0.412
133	EcuadorECUSouth America	0.410
134	OmanOMNWestern Asia	0.398
135	MalaysiaMYSSouth-eastern Asia	0.397
136	BahrainBHRWestern Asia	0.388
137	United Arab EmiratesAREWestern Asia	0.381
138	MexicoMEXCentral America	0.367
139	IndonesiaIDNSouth-eastern Asia	0.354
140	MauritaniaMRTWestern Africa	0.350
141	NicaraguaNICCentral America	0.345
142	ChadTCDMiddle Africa	0.325
143	Republic of the CongoCOGMiddle Africa	0.315
144	Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa	0.298
145	DjiboutiDJIEastern Africa	0.294
146	UzbekistanUZBCentral Asia	0.290
=147	MadagascarMDGEastern Africa	0.274
=147	SomalilandXSLEastern Africa	0.274
149	QatarQATWestern Asia	0.254
150	GuatemalaGTMCentral America	0.222
151	EswatiniSWZSouthern Africa	0.218
152	LaosLAOSouth-eastern Asia	0.212
153	PeruPERSouth America	0.202
154	HondurasHNDCentral America	0.200
155	MyanmarMMRSouth-eastern Asia	0.199
156	BangladeshBGDSouthern Asia	0.182
157	Timor-LesteTLSSouth-eastern Asia	0.175
158	ThailandTHASouth-eastern Asia	0.165
159	North KoreaPRKEastern Asia	0.159
160	CambodiaKHMSouth-eastern Asia	0.156
161	ParaguayPRYSouth America	0.152
162	DR CongoCODMiddle Africa	0.140
163	PakistanPAKSouthern Asia	0.137
164	AngolaAGOMiddle Africa	0.119
165	YemenYEMWestern Asia	0.111
166	HaitiHTICaribbean	0.078
167	Sierra LeoneSLEWestern Africa	0.063
168	El SalvadorSLVCentral America	0.057
169	South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa	0.038
170	SomaliaSOMEastern Africa	0.033
171	SudanSDNNorthern Africa	0.028

02In 1991

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Luxembourg0.986
2Denmark0.983
3Japanshared0.979
3Swedenshared0.979
5Norway0.975

Lowest

171Sudan0.028
170Somalia0.033
169South Africa0.038
168El Salvador0.057
167Sierra Leone0.063

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.666. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031990 → 1991

Since 1990

What changed between 1990 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+3 / −0countries joined / left
49values changed, of 168 in both
29 · 20rose · fell
119unchanged

Rose most

Nepal0.341 → 0.778+0.437
Colombia0.067 → 0.428+0.361
São Tomé and Príncipe0.393 → 0.650+0.257
Togo0.497 → 0.679+0.182
Zambia0.507 → 0.689+0.182

Fell most

Albania0.797 → 0.614−0.183
Georgia0.873 → 0.769−0.104
Nicaragua0.423 → 0.345−0.078
Yemen0.175 → 0.111−0.064
Kyrgyzstan0.730 → 0.666−0.064

+ Croatia

+ North Macedonia+ Somaliland

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

The site’s method

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.
152 distinct values among 171
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 3 countries share 0.696. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only. The order here sorts the published values, and the page says so wherever it prints one.
Which end is better
A higher value is the better result.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 171 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
171 rows · 4.6 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download equal-protection-1991-nations-inquiry.csv
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The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Share, adapt and use commercially with credit — and anything you publish that adapts it must carry the same licence.

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1991). Equal Protection Index, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/equal-protection/1991

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Equal Protection Index, 1990
168 countries
The year after ›
Equal Protection Index, 1992
172 countries
All of them
Equal Protection Index: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions