Data for 1998

Vulnerable Employment, 1998

Name: Vulnerable Employment, 1998
Creator: International Labour Organization (ILO)
License: https://www.ilo.org/rights-and-permissions

1998, as ILO’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Vulnerable Employment, 1998 covers 187 countries. Afghanistan is highest, at 95.103; United Arab Emirates is lowest, at 0.227. The middle country reads 34.922. Against 1997, 187 values changed (58 up, 129 down), the same countries are covered.

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Vulnerable Employment · Data for 1998

HighestAfghanistan

95.103

LowestUnited Arab Emirates

0.227

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the lowest end.

187countries
1measure
1998the year it describes
187distinct values15 decimals, as published
Sep 10, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Vulnerable Employment, 1998, as published. ILO ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 187 countries · select a heading to sort

Vulnerable Employment, 1998: every country, as published by International Labour Organization (ILO).
derived
1	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	95.103
2	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	94.618
3	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	91.280
4	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	90.447
5	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	90.298
6	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	89.605
7	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	89.349
8	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	88.611
9	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	86.823
10	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	85.391
11	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	84.788
12	Niger`NER`Western Africa	84.487
13	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	84.443
14	India`IND`Southern Asia	84.239
15	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	82.858
16	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	82.238
17	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	82.168
18	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	82.119
19	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	82.005
20	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	81.930
21	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	81.663
22	South Sudan`SSD`Eastern Africa	81.021
23	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	80.438
24	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	80.381
25	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	79.918
26	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	79.433
27	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	78.618
28	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	78.531
29	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	77.845
30	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	76.740
31	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	75.274
32	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	74.660
33	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	74.636
34	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	74.495
35	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	74.364
36	Bolivia`BOL`South America	72.288
37	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	72.214
38	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	72.111
39	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	71.335
40	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	67.776
41	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	67.225
42	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	66.737
43	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	65.724
44	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	65.467
45	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	64.082
46	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	63.157
47	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	62.411
48	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	61.924
49	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	61.525
50	Peru`PER`South America	60.077
51	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	59.463
52	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	58.902
53	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	57.946
54	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	57.114
55	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	56.989
56	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	54.314
57	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	53.972
58	Paraguay`PRY`South America	52.920
59	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	51.904
60	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	51.674
61	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	49.593
62	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	49.210
63	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	47.837
64	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	47.324
65	Ecuador`ECU`South America	46.153
66	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	45.748
67	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	45.625
68	Samoa`WSM`Polynesia	45.221
69	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	44.399
70	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	43.928
71	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	43.858
72	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	43.163
73	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	43.149
74	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	42.946
75	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	41.739
76	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	41.133
77	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	40.971
78	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	40.940
79	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	40.336
80	Tonga`TON`Polynesia	40.311
81	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	39.965
82	Colombia`COL`South America	39.775
83	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	38.988
84	Honduras`HND`Central America	38.922
85	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	38.557
86	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	38.456
87	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	38.155
88	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	37.937
89	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	37.836
90	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	36.921
91	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	36.822
92	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	36.660
93	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	35.235
94	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	34.922
95	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	34.390
96	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	34.386
97	Panama`PAN`Central America	33.648
98	Venezuela`VEN`South America	33.374
99	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	32.419
100	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	31.896
101	Guyana`GUY`South America	31.837
102	Belize`BLZ`Central America	31.697
103	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	31.496
104	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	31.405
105	Mexico`MEX`Central America	31.276
106	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	31.074
107	Palestine`PSE`Western Asia	30.638
108	Brazil`BRA`South America	29.903
109	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	28.719
110	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	28.098
111	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	27.615
112	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	27.590
113	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	26.590
114	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	26.405
115	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	26.305
116	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	26.272
117	Argentina`ARG`South America	22.434
118	Uruguay`URY`South America	22.383
119	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	22.249
120	French Polynesia`PYF`Polynesia	22.063
121	Chile`CHL`South America	21.903
122	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	20.657
123	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	20.641
124	Saint Lucia`LCA`Caribbean	20.469
125	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`VCT`Caribbean	20.247
126	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	20.224
127	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	19.405
128	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	19.276
129	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	18.911
130	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	18.615
131	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	18.613
132	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	18.428
133	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	18.420
134	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	18.080
135	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	17.338
136	Suriname`SUR`South America	17.156
137	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	17.005
138	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	16.497
139	Montenegro`MNE`Southern Europe	15.912
140	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	15.873
141	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	15.205
142	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	15.064
143	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	14.675
144	Bahamas`BHS`Caribbean	14.617
145	New Caledonia`NCL`Melanesia	14.424
146	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	14.093
147	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	14.012
148	Guam`GUM`Micronesia	13.739
149	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	13.733
150	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	12.565
151	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	12.437
152	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	12.137
153	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	12.108
154	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	12.085
155	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	11.671
156	Puerto Rico`PRI`Caribbean	11.626
157	Canada`CAN`Northern America	11.424
158	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	11.266
159	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	11.171
160	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	10.898
161	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	10.840
162	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	10.112
163	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	10.034
164	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	9.320
165	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	9.298
166	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	9.247
167	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	8.881
168	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	8.847
169	France`FRA`Western Europe	7.891
170	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	7.825
171	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	7.606
172	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	7.313
173	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	7.272
174	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	6.820
175	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	6.615
176	Macau`MAC`Eastern Asia	6.259
177	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	6.203
178	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	5.512
179	Brunei`BRN`South-eastern Asia	5.214
180	Channel Islands`CHI`Northern Europe	4.952
181	United States`USA`Northern America	4.546
182	United States Virgin Islands`VIR`Caribbean	4.464
183	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	4.347
184	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	3.158
185	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	2.355
186	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.954
187	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.227

02In 1998

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Afghanistan95.103
2Chad94.618
3Guinea91.280
4Sierra Leone90.447
5Tanzania90.298

Lowest

187United Arab Emirates0.227
186Qatar0.954
185Bahrain2.355
184Kuwait3.158
183Hong Kong4.347

A higher value is the worse result. The middle country reads 34.922. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031997 → 1998

Since 1997

What changed between 1997 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+0 / −0countries joined / left
187values changed, of 187 in both
58 · 129rose · fell
0unchanged

Rose most

Sri Lanka41.431 → 45.625+4.194
Venezuela29.860 → 33.374+3.513
Indonesia63.148 → 65.724+2.576
Peru58.102 → 60.077+1.974
Romania29.850 → 31.405+1.556

Fell most

Equatorial Guinea37.510 → 34.386−3.124
Vietnam73.980 → 71.335−2.645
Mexico33.439 → 31.276−2.163
Croatia21.052 → 19.405−1.646
Costa Rica30.295 → 28.719−1.575

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from ILO’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1998.
The position is ours
ILO publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 187 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
187 rows · 7.1 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download vulnerable-employment-1998-nations-inquiry.csv
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The publisher’s original
ILO’s own file, on its own site.
SL.EMP.VULN.ZS

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

International Labour Organization (ILO) (1998). Vulnerable Employment, 1998 [data set], describing 1998. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/vulnerable-employment/1998

0635 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Vulnerable Employment, 1997
187 countries
The year after ›
Vulnerable Employment, 1999
187 countries
All of them
Vulnerable Employment: every year
35 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions