Data for 1994

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1994

Name: Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1994
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1994, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

V-Dem's index of exclusion by socio-economic group asks how far poorer people are shut out: whether wealth decides who holds political power, whose civil liberties are respected, and who gets public services, state jobs and state business. It runs from 0 to 1, and a higher figure means more exclusion.

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1994 covers 173 countries. Somalia is highest, at 0.960; Denmark is lowest, at 0.010. The middle country reads 0.418. Against 1993, 41 values changed (17 up, 24 down), the same countries are covered.

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Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group · Data for 1994

HighestSomalia

0.960

LowestDenmark

0.010

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the lowest end.

173countries
1measure
1994the year it describes
164distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 29, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1994, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 173 countries · select a heading to sort

Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1994: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	0.960
2	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	0.922
3	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	0.921
4	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	0.919
5	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.914
6	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	0.892
7	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	0.883
8	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	0.879
9	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.868
10	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.865
=11	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	0.857
=11	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	0.857
13	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	0.852
=14	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	0.843
=14	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.843
16	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	0.836
17	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	0.819
18	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.817
19	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	0.805
20	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.784
21	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	0.781
22	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	0.776
23	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	0.768
24	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	0.765
25	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.762
26	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	0.757
27	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	0.743
28	Paraguay`PRY`South America	0.739
29	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.728
30	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	0.726
31	Honduras`HND`Central America	0.716
32	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.715
33	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	0.713
34	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	0.712
35	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	0.699
36	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.696
37	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	0.695
38	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	0.694
39	Peru`PER`South America	0.685
40	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.683
41	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	0.660
42	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	0.653
43	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	0.643
44	Colombia`COL`South America	0.640
45	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.629
46	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	0.621
47	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	0.620
48	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.610
49	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	0.604
50	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	0.603
51	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.602
52	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.600
=53	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	0.598
=53	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.598
55	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	0.589
56	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.586
57	Ecuador`ECU`South America	0.581
58	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.575
59	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.568
60	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	0.567
61	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.566
62	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	0.565
63	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	0.554
64	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	0.544
65	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	0.542
66	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.535
67	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	0.532
68	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.531
69	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	0.504
70	Suriname`SUR`South America	0.501
71	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	0.499
72	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	0.498
73	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.495
74	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	0.487
75	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	0.483
76	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	0.480
77	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.474
78	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.453
79	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.452
80	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.447
81	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.443
82	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	0.441
83	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	0.437
=84	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.425
=84	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	0.425
86	Guyana`GUY`South America	0.421
87	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.418
=88	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	0.415
=88	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.415
90	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.413
91	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.404
92	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	0.403
93	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	0.392
94	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	0.387
95	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	0.385
96	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.371
97	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.370
98	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.366
99	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	0.361
100	Chile`CHL`South America	0.360
101	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	0.350
102	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.344
103	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.343
104	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.335
105	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.331
106	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.330
107	Venezuela`VEN`South America	0.327
108	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.323
109	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.318
110	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.317
111	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	0.316
112	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.314
113	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.309
114	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.308
115	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.303
116	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.301
117	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.280
118	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.274
119	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	0.270
120	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.267
121	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.247
122	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	0.238
123	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	0.236
124	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.225
125	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	0.224
=126	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.222
=126	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	0.222
128	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.209
129	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	0.202
130	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.193
131	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.184
132	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	0.159
=133	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.152
=133	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.152
135	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	0.140
136	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.133
137	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.127
138	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.126
139	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.118
140	United States`USA`Northern America	0.113
141	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.106
142	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	0.101
143	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	0.099
144	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.097
145	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.095
=146	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	0.087
=146	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	0.087
148	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	0.086
149	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.084
150	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	0.079
151	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	0.078
152	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.076
153	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.075
154	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.072
155	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	0.066
156	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	0.059
157	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	0.056
158	France`FRA`Western Europe	0.052
159	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	0.042
160	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.041
161	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	0.039
=162	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	0.038
=162	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	0.038
164	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.034
165	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	0.033
166	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	0.032
167	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	0.031
168	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.025
169	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.024
170	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	0.023
171	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	0.016
172	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.015
173	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	0.010

02In 1994

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1Somalia0.960
2DR Congo0.922
3Haiti0.921
4Afghanistan0.919
5Yemen0.914

Lowest

173Denmark0.010
172Norway0.015
171Sweden0.016
170Japan0.023
169Belarus0.024

A higher value is the worse result. The middle country reads 0.418. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031993 → 1994

Since 1993

+0 / −0countries joined / left
41values changed, of 173 in both
17 · 24rose · fell
132unchanged

Rose most

Azerbaijan0.383 → 0.532+0.149
Rwanda0.707 → 0.757+0.050
Moldova0.198 → 0.225+0.027
North Korea0.454 → 0.480+0.026
Algeria0.326 → 0.350+0.024

Fell most

South Africa0.899 → 0.586−0.313
Croatia0.396 → 0.317−0.079
Gambia0.648 → 0.603−0.045
Oman0.662 → 0.620−0.042
Malawi0.735 → 0.695−0.040

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 1994.
164 distinct values among 173
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share 0.857. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 173 countries has every column.

05The files

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.csv
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173 rows · 4.7 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download socioeconomic-exclusion-1994-nations-inquiry.csv
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The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-Core-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped to one row per country, with its ISO code; no value recalculated, rescaled or rounded. In full

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1994). Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1994 [data set], describing 1994. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/socioeconomic-exclusion/1994

0634 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1993
173 countries
The year after ›
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group, 1995
173 countries
All of them
Exclusion by Socio-Economic Group: every year
34 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
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