Dataset · World Bank Group (Prospects Group)
Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate)
31 years, 1990–2020 · 156 countries
This is an estimate of how large a country's informal economy is — the output of unregistered businesses and untaxed work — as a share of its official GDP, from the World Bank's Informal Economy Database. Because informal activity escapes official statistics, the figure comes from an economic model rather than a count.
This site holds every year from 1990 to 2020, read from World Bank Group (Prospects Group)’s own data and stored exactly as published.
Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate) · the file
- Newest
- Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2020
- Held
- 31 years · 4,834 rows
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
0131 years
Every year
Every year comes from World Bank Group (Prospects Group)’s 2021 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.
| Year | Countries | Change | Read | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2020Newest | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2019 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2018 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2017 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2016 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2015 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2014 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2013 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2012 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2011 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2010 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
| Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 2009 | 156 | ±0 | October 3, 2026 | CSV |
Show all 31 years
Every year in one file, one row per country per year: informal-output-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv
023 columns
What’s in the file
Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.
| Column | What it holds | Stored as | Range, 2020 | Distinct | Empty | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CountrycountryName | The country’s name, as this file spells it. | Text | — | 156 | 0 | |
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifier | The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it. | Text · 3 letters | — | 156 | 0 | |
Informal output, DGE model estimate (% of official GDP)informal_outputHeadline | The headline figure: Informal output, model estimate (% of official GDP). | Number · up to 16 decimals | 7.910 | 156 | 0 |
Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. A higher value is the worse result.
03156 countries across every year
Who is covered
How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 |
| Americas | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Asia | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| Europe | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
| Oceania | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| All | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 |
The newest 12 of 31 years.
Who joined and who left
- 1992
+ Kuwait
Not in this dataset · 69 places this site covers
World Bank Group (Prospects Group) gives no figure for these in any year held here. It is the publisher’s choice of scope, and each place’s profile shows what is measured.
04Provenance
Where it comes from
The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.
1 · Publisher
World Bank Group (Prospects Group)
2 · Their file
Informal Economy Database: informal output, DGE estimate, 2020
3 · Read by this site
October 3, 2026
Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.4 · Stored as
31 files, one per year
Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as informal-output-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv5 · Used on
Its statistic page, and every profile it measures
Precision
The headline is stored to 16 decimals, as published.
Rounded by this site
Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.
Changed by this site
Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.
From the World Bank Prospects Group's own Informal Economy Database workbook (Elgin, Kose, Ohnsorge and Yu, 2021), which carries the model's values in full; the Bank's Data360 copy of the same figures is checked against it.
05Reuse
Licence and credit
What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.
Licence · checked October 3, 2026
- Share and redistribute it
- Adapt it and build on it
- Use it commercially
- Credit the publisher
- Say what you changed
Share, adapt and use commercially. Credit the publisher and say if you changed anything.
A credit line
Source: World Bank Group (Prospects Group), Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), via Nations Inquiry.
Cite this dataset
World Bank Group (Prospects Group). Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate), 1990–2020 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/informal-output
The publisher’s own citation: Elgin, C., M. A. Kose, F. Ohnsorge and S. Yu. 2021. "Understanding Informality." CEPR Discussion Paper 16497. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.
Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.
06Where it is used
Around the site
Where these numbers appear on this site, and the datasets nearest to it.
Charted
Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate) by countryWho is highest, the map, the spread, who rose and fell, and the records.
Subjects
Near neighbours
- GDP per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 36 held · 1990–2025
- Economic Complexity IndexGrowth Lab at Harvard University · 30 held · 1995–2024
- Liner Shipping Connectivity IndexUNCTAD · 21 held · 2006–2026
07Questions
Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate): questions and answers
What is the Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate)?
This is an estimate of how large a country's informal economy is — the output of unregistered businesses and untaxed work — as a share of its official GDP, from the World Bank's Informal Economy Database. Because informal activity escapes official statistics, the figure comes from an economic model rather than a count.
Which years of the Informal Output (DGE Model Estimate) can I download?
All 31, from 1990 to 2020, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.
Does World Bank Group (Prospects Group) rank countries on it?
No, and this site does not order it either. The files hold values only.
Can I use it commercially?
Yes, under CC BY 4.0, with credit to World Bank Group (Prospects Group). The licence text is linked on this page.