Data for 1991

Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1991

Name: Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1991
Creator: V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
License: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/

1991, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1991 covers 170 countries. El Salvador is highest, at 3.890; United Arab Emirates is lowest, at -3.158. The middle country reads -0.577. Against 1990, 45 values changed (20 up, 25 down), 3 countries joined.

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Political Violence by Non-State Actors · Data for 1991

HighestEl Salvador

3.890

LowestUnited Arab Emirates

-3.158

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the lowest end.

170countries
1measure
1991the year it describes
167distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 26, 2026read from the publisher
CC BY-SA 4.0licence

01Position · derived

The table

Every country and every column of Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1991, as published. V-Dem Institute ranks nobody on this measure; the position is derived here by ordering the published values. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 170 countries · select a heading to sort

Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1991: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
derived
1	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	3.890
2	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	3.511
3	Somalia`SOM`Eastern Africa	3.230
4	Colombia`COL`South America	3.026
5	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	2.949
6	Peru`PER`South America	2.814
7	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	2.773
8	Sierra Leone`SLE`Western Africa	2.326
9	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	2.258
10	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	2.176
11	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	2.089
12	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	2.073
13	Timor-Leste`TLS`South-eastern Asia	1.896
14	Eritrea`ERI`Eastern Africa	1.874
15	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	1.775
16	Djibouti`DJI`Eastern Africa	1.690
17	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	1.688
18	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	1.676
19	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	1.654
20	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	1.599
21	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	1.584
22	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	1.560
23	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	1.548
24	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	1.513
25	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	1.483
26	Somaliland`XSL`Eastern Africa	1.381
27	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	1.353
28	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	1.315
29	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	1.267
30	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	1.234
31	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	1.233
32	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	1.213
33	Central African Republic`CAF`Middle Africa	1.187
34	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	1.164
35	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	1.089
36	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	1.057
37	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	1.020
38	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	0.999
39	Comoros`COM`Eastern Africa	0.990
40	Niger`NER`Western Africa	0.985
41	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	0.982
=42	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.951
=42	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	0.951
44	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.899
45	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	0.846
46	Syria`SYR`Western Asia	0.842
47	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	0.797
48	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	0.761
49	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.738
50	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.710
51	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	0.697
52	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	0.683
53	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	0.677
54	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	0.626
55	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.612
56	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.579
57	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	0.578
58	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	0.472
59	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	0.471
60	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	0.423
61	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	0.397
62	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	0.374
63	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	0.358
64	Bolivia`BOL`South America	0.347
65	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	0.296
66	Lesotho`LSO`Southern Africa	0.175
67	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	0.169
68	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	0.157
69	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	-0.022
70	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	-0.200
71	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	-0.227
72	Burundi`BDI`Eastern Africa	-0.323
73	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	-0.324
74	Bhutan`BTN`Southern Asia	-0.326
75	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	-0.351
76	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	-0.361
77	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	-0.375
78	Paraguay`PRY`South America	-0.394
79	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	-0.395
80	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	-0.411
81	Mexico`MEX`Central America	-0.445
82	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	-0.466
83	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	-0.495
84	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	-0.516
85	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	-0.534
86	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	-0.620
87	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	-0.628
88	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	-0.656
89	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	-0.684
90	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	-0.709
91	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	-0.757
92	Cabo Verde`CPV`Western Africa	-0.784
93	Chile`CHL`South America	-0.786
94	Guinea-Bissau`GNB`Western Africa	-0.790
95	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	-0.836
96	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	-0.884
97	Seychelles`SYC`Eastern Africa	-0.896
98	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	-0.907
99	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	-0.916
=100	Fiji`FJI`Melanesia	-0.950
=100	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	-0.950
102	United States`USA`Northern America	-0.956
103	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	-0.979
104	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	-0.989
105	France`FRA`Western Europe	-1.005
106	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	-1.029
107	Venezuela`VEN`South America	-1.043
108	São Tomé and Príncipe`STP`Middle Africa	-1.080
109	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	-1.099
110	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	-1.122
111	Suriname`SUR`South America	-1.126
112	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	-1.147
113	Argentina`ARG`South America	-1.163
114	Guyana`GUY`South America	-1.216
115	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	-1.217
116	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	-1.224
117	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	-1.261
118	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	-1.267
119	Gambia`GMB`Western Africa	-1.358
120	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	-1.375
121	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	-1.391
122	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	-1.397
123	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	-1.401
124	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	-1.405
125	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	-1.412
126	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	-1.422
127	Malta`MLT`Southern Europe	-1.444
128	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	-1.453
129	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	-1.455
130	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	-1.477
131	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	-1.481
=132	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	-1.487
=132	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	-1.487
134	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	-1.506
135	Panama`PAN`Central America	-1.513
136	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	-1.546
137	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	-1.558
138	Maldives`MDV`Southern Asia	-1.681
139	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	-1.691
140	Vanuatu`VUT`Melanesia	-1.716
141	Ecuador`ECU`South America	-1.736
142	Honduras`HND`Central America	-1.764
143	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	-1.830
144	Canada`CAN`Northern America	-1.836
145	Solomon Islands`SLB`Melanesia	-1.842
146	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	-1.847
147	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	-1.848
148	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	-1.870
149	Uruguay`URY`South America	-1.915
150	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	-1.934
151	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	-1.941
152	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	-2.107
153	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	-2.136
154	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	-2.167
155	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	-2.176
156	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	-2.191
157	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	-2.196
158	North Korea`PRK`Eastern Asia	-2.201
159	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	-2.277
160	Iceland`ISL`Northern Europe	-2.317
161	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	-2.466
162	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	-2.519
163	Barbados`BRB`Caribbean	-2.578
164	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	-2.581
165	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	-2.665
166	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	-2.712
167	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	-2.789
168	Luxembourg`LUX`Western Europe	-3.006
169	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	-3.049
170	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	-3.158

02In 1991

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

1El Salvador3.890
2Angola3.511
3Somalia3.230
4Colombia3.026
5Liberia2.949

Lowest

170United Arab Emirates-3.158
169Singapore-3.049
168Luxembourg-3.006
167Portugal-2.789
166Botswana-2.712

A higher value is the worse result. The middle country reads -0.577. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031990 → 1991

Since 1990

What changed between 1990 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+3 / −0countries joined / left
45values changed, of 167 in both
20 · 25rose · fell
122unchanged

Rose most

Djibouti-0.049 → 1.690+1.739
Niger-0.385 → 0.985+1.370
Madagascar-0.293 → 0.999+1.292
Sierra Leone1.270 → 2.326+1.056
Sweden-2.209 → -1.453+0.756

Fell most

Trinidad and Tobago0.117 → -2.176−2.293
Costa Rica-0.502 → -2.136−1.634
Eritrea3.453 → 1.874−1.579
Kyrgyzstan-0.695 → -1.848−1.153
Dominican Republic-0.466 → -1.412−0.946

+ Croatia

+ North Macedonia+ Somaliland

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.
167 distinct values among 170
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share 0.951. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The position is ours
V-Dem Institute publishes values only; the order is this site’s.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 170 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
170 rows · 4.7 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download political-violence-1991-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
V-Dem Institute’s own file, on its own site.
V-Dem-CY-FullOthers-v16_csv.zip

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1991). Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/political-violence/1991

0636 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1990
167 countries
The year after ›
Political Violence by Non-State Actors, 1992
172 countries
All of them
Political Violence by Non-State Actors: every year
36 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions