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Data for 1991

Mass Mobilization, 1991

1991, as V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

V-Dem's measure of mass mobilization asks how often, and on what scale, people took part in demonstrations, strikes, sit-ins and similar mass events during the year — including rallies organised by the state itself. It is an expert-coded estimate on an open-ended scale centred near zero, and a higher figure means more and larger events.

Mass Mobilization, 1991 covers 169 countries. Lithuania is highest, at 3.516; Singapore is lowest, at -3.566. The middle country reads 0.132. Against 1990, 68 values changed (28 up, 40 down), 3 countries joined.

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Mass Mobilization · Data for 1991

HighestLithuania

3.516

LowestSingapore

-3.566

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the highest end.

01Values only

The table

Every country and every column of Mass Mobilization, 1991, as published. The file carries values only, so no position is shown. “=” marks a shared position.

Showing 25 of 169 countries · select a heading to sort

Mass Mobilization, 1991: every country, as published by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
LithuaniaLTUNorthern Europe3.516
El SalvadorSLVCentral America3.370
AlgeriaDZANorthern Africa3.263
RussiaRUSEastern Europe3.230
Central African RepublicCAFMiddle Africa3.042
SerbiaSRBSouthern Europe2.743
AzerbaijanAZEWestern Asia2.584
AlbaniaALBSouthern Europe2.552
GhanaGHAWestern Africa2.497
MadagascarMDGEastern Africa2.491
GeorgiaGEOWestern Asia2.401
Timor-LesteTLSSouth-eastern Asia2.340
CubaCUBCaribbean2.297
BeninBENWestern Africa2.142
ZimbabweZWEEastern Africa2.038
CroatiaHRVSouthern Europe1.923
BelarusBLREastern Europe1.875
TogoTGOWestern Africa1.870
South AfricaZAFSouthern Africa1.854
ArmeniaARMWestern Asia1.841
GreeceGRCSouthern Europe1.786
GabonGABMiddle Africa1.754
UkraineUKREastern Europe1.730
DR CongoCODMiddle Africa1.726
SomaliaSOMEastern Africa1.666

02In 1991

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

  1. Lithuania3.516
  2. El Salvador3.370
  3. Algeria3.263
  4. Russia3.230
  5. Central African Republic3.042

Lowest

  1. Singapore-3.566
  2. United Arab Emirates-3.437
  3. Eritrea-3.177
  4. Uganda-2.489
  5. Namibia-2.488

Neither end is better. The values describe a shape, not a score. The middle country reads 0.132. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

031990 → 1991

Since 1990

  • +3 / −0countries joined / left
  • 68values changed, of 166 in both
  • 28 · 40rose · fell
  • 98unchanged

Rose most

Fell most

+ Croatia+ North Macedonia+ Somaliland

04Caveats

Read before you use

How values are stored

  • One year of the 2026 release

    Every year in this series comes from V-Dem Institute’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method, so a change from one year to the next is not a revision. It can differ from what was first published for 1991.

  • 168 distinct values among 169

    Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share -0.948. Countries sharing a value share a position too.

  • Nothing missing

    Every one of the 169 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

Licence in full

What this site changed: Reshaped to one row per country, with its ISO code; no value recalculated, rescaled or rounded. In full

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg (1991). Mass Mobilization, 1991 [data set], describing 1991. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/mass-mobilization/1991

0636 held

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