Data for 2023

Economic Complexity Index, 2023

Name: Economic Complexity Index, 2023
Creator: Growth Lab at Harvard University
License: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XTAQMC

2023, as Growth Lab at Harvard University’s 2026 release gives it · stored as published, never rewritten

Economic Complexity Index, 2023 covers 145 countries. Japan is highest, at 1.916; Sudan is lowest, at -2.582. The middle country reads 0.071. Against 2022, 142 values changed (71 up, 71 down), the same countries are covered.

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Economic Complexity Index · Data for 2023

HighestJapan

1.916

LowestSudan

-2.582

Shaded by value in five groups of equal size, darkest at the better end.

145countries
1measure
2023the year it describes
142distinct values3 decimals, as published
Sep 6, 2026read from the publisher
Public domain or CC0licence

01Growth Lab at Harvard University’s rank

The table

Every country and every column of Economic Complexity Index, 2023, as published. The rank is Growth Lab at Harvard University’s own, as printed. “=” marks a shared position.

Search this table

Showing 25 of 145 countries · select a heading to sort

Economic Complexity Index, 2023: every country, as published by Growth Lab at Harvard University.

1	Japan`JPN`Eastern Asia	1.916
2	Taiwan`TWN`Eastern Asia	1.786
3	Switzerland`CHE`Western Europe	1.773
4	South Korea`KOR`Eastern Asia	1.724
5	Singapore`SGP`South-eastern Asia	1.679
6	Germany`DEU`Western Europe	1.499
7	Czechia`CZE`Eastern Europe	1.434
8	United Kingdom`GBR`Northern Europe	1.379
9	Sweden`SWE`Northern Europe	1.373
10	Austria`AUT`Western Europe	1.370
11	Slovenia`SVN`Southern Europe	1.355
12	China`CHN`Eastern Asia	1.348
13	Finland`FIN`Northern Europe	1.300
14	Hong Kong`HKG`Eastern Asia	1.298
15	United States`USA`Northern America	1.232
16	Hungary`HUN`Eastern Europe	1.229
17	Ireland`IRL`Northern Europe	1.229
18	Italy`ITA`Southern Europe	1.211
19	Slovakia`SVK`Eastern Europe	1.201
20	France`FRA`Western Europe	1.175
21	Israel`ISR`Western Asia	1.174
22	Belgium`BEL`Western Europe	1.075
23	Denmark`DNK`Northern Europe	1.041
24	Poland`POL`Eastern Europe	1.025
25	Romania`ROU`Eastern Europe	1.023
26	Netherlands`NLD`Western Europe	0.993
27	Estonia`EST`Northern Europe	0.982
28	Malaysia`MYS`South-eastern Asia	0.951
29	Mexico`MEX`Central America	0.931
30	Lithuania`LTU`Northern Europe	0.893
31	Thailand`THA`South-eastern Asia	0.855
32	Croatia`HRV`Southern Europe	0.845
33	Belarus`BLR`Eastern Europe	0.841
34	Canada`CAN`Northern America	0.826
35	Spain`ESP`Southern Europe	0.812
36	Bulgaria`BGR`Eastern Europe	0.807
37	Serbia`SRB`Southern Europe	0.775
38	Latvia`LVA`Northern Europe	0.760
39	Philippines`PHL`South-eastern Asia	0.757
40	Armenia`ARM`Western Asia	0.734
41	Norway`NOR`Northern Europe	0.732
42	India`IND`Southern Asia	0.710
43	Bahrain`BHR`Western Asia	0.710
44	United Arab Emirates`ARE`Western Asia	0.705
45	Portugal`PRT`Southern Europe	0.698
46	Türkiye`TUR`Western Asia	0.676
47	Bosnia and Herzegovina`BIH`Southern Europe	0.580
48	Vietnam`VNM`South-eastern Asia	0.579
49	Tunisia`TUN`Northern Africa	0.490
50	Saudi Arabia`SAU`Western Asia	0.485
51	New Zealand`NZL`Australia and New Zealand	0.473
52	Ukraine`UKR`Eastern Europe	0.447
53	Greece`GRC`Southern Europe	0.440
54	Kazakhstan`KAZ`Central Asia	0.436
55	Cyprus`CYP`Western Asia	0.423
56	Lebanon`LBN`Western Asia	0.391
57	Brazil`BRA`South America	0.379
58	North Macedonia`MKD`Southern Europe	0.294
59	South Africa`ZAF`Southern Africa	0.293
60	Indonesia`IDN`South-eastern Asia	0.280
61	Russia`RUS`Eastern Europe	0.239
62	Costa Rica`CRI`Central America	0.231
63	Georgia`GEO`Western Asia	0.227
64	Uzbekistan`UZB`Central Asia	0.205
65	Moldova`MDA`Eastern Europe	0.183
66	Eswatini`SWZ`Southern Africa	0.172
67	Colombia`COL`South America	0.164
68	Mauritius`MUS`Eastern Africa	0.156
69	Panama`PAN`Central America	0.133
70	Kyrgyzstan`KGZ`Central Asia	0.099
71	Australia`AUS`Australia and New Zealand	0.091
72	El Salvador`SLV`Central America	0.087
73	Trinidad and Tobago`TTO`Caribbean	0.071
74	Kuwait`KWT`Western Asia	0.067
75	Jordan`JOR`Western Asia	0.044
76	Uruguay`URY`South America	0.021
77	Argentina`ARG`South America	0.011
78	Guatemala`GTM`Central America	-0.069
79	Cambodia`KHM`South-eastern Asia	-0.072
80	Egypt`EGY`Northern Africa	-0.074
81	Dominican Republic`DOM`Caribbean	-0.075
82	Nepal`NPL`Southern Asia	-0.116
83	Iran`IRN`Southern Asia	-0.130
84	Qatar`QAT`Western Asia	-0.131
85	Chile`CHL`South America	-0.137
86	Albania`ALB`Southern Europe	-0.156
87	Sri Lanka`LKA`Southern Asia	-0.196
88	Morocco`MAR`Northern Africa	-0.203
89	Oman`OMN`Western Asia	-0.270
90	Pakistan`PAK`Southern Asia	-0.391
91	Kenya`KEN`Eastern Africa	-0.402
92	Jamaica`JAM`Caribbean	-0.457
93	Honduras`HND`Central America	-0.470
94	Botswana`BWA`Southern Africa	-0.503
95	Azerbaijan`AZE`Western Asia	-0.523
96	Paraguay`PRY`South America	-0.535
97	Bangladesh`BGD`Southern Asia	-0.630
98	Zambia`ZMB`Eastern Africa	-0.706
99	Peru`PER`South America	-0.715
100	Uganda`UGA`Eastern Africa	-0.742
101	Namibia`NAM`Southern Africa	-0.767
102	Gabon`GAB`Middle Africa	-0.784
103	Senegal`SEN`Western Africa	-0.786
104	Ghana`GHA`Western Africa	-0.815
105	Laos`LAO`South-eastern Asia	-0.869
106	Mali`MLI`Western Africa	-0.871
107	Tajikistan`TJK`Central Asia	-1.010
108	Niger`NER`Western Africa	-1.020
109	Benin`BEN`Western Africa	-1.023
110	Ecuador`ECU`South America	-1.033
111	Myanmar`MMR`South-eastern Asia	-1.035
112	Rwanda`RWA`Eastern Africa	-1.035
113	Algeria`DZA`Northern Africa	-1.055
114	Ethiopia`ETH`Eastern Africa	-1.069
115	Côte d’Ivoire`CIV`Western Africa	-1.073
116	Nicaragua`NIC`Central America	-1.110
117	Tanzania`TZA`Eastern Africa	-1.115
118	Zimbabwe`ZWE`Eastern Africa	-1.124
119	Burkina Faso`BFA`Western Africa	-1.132
120	Cameroon`CMR`Middle Africa	-1.145
121	Angola`AGO`Middle Africa	-1.161
122	Haiti`HTI`Caribbean	-1.167
123	Mongolia`MNG`Eastern Asia	-1.181
124	Madagascar`MDG`Eastern Africa	-1.206
125	Togo`TGO`Western Africa	-1.239
126	Malawi`MWI`Eastern Africa	-1.256
127	Afghanistan`AFG`Southern Asia	-1.277
128	Bolivia`BOL`South America	-1.295
129	Mauritania`MRT`Western Africa	-1.306
130	Venezuela`VEN`South America	-1.331
131	Cuba`CUB`Caribbean	-1.340
132	Turkmenistan`TKM`Central Asia	-1.343
133	Iraq`IRQ`Western Asia	-1.459
134	Liberia`LBR`Western Africa	-1.472
135	Yemen`YEM`Western Asia	-1.517
136	Guinea`GIN`Western Africa	-1.591
137	Republic of the Congo`COG`Middle Africa	-1.592
138	Papua New Guinea`PNG`Melanesia	-1.637
139	Mozambique`MOZ`Eastern Africa	-1.648
140	Libya`LBY`Northern Africa	-1.992
141	Nigeria`NGA`Western Africa	-2.297
142	Equatorial Guinea`GNQ`Middle Africa	-2.317
143	DR Congo`COD`Middle Africa	-2.450
144	Chad`TCD`Middle Africa	-2.495
145	Sudan`SDN`Northern Africa	-2.582

02In 2023

At either end

The 5 countries at each end of the headline.

Highest

#1Japan1.916
#2Taiwan1.786
#3Switzerland1.773
#4South Korea1.724
#5Singapore1.679

Lowest

#145Sudan-2.582
#144Chad-2.495
#143DR Congo-2.450
#142Equatorial Guinea-2.317
#141Nigeria-2.297

A higher value is the better result. The middle country reads 0.071. “Shared” marks a value another country also holds.

032022 → 2023

Since 2022

What changed between 2022 and this one: who joined or left, and how far the headline moved.

+0 / −0countries joined / left
142values changed, of 145 in both
71 · 71rose · fell
3unchanged

Rose most

Honduras-0.899 → -0.470+0.429
Mauritania-1.696 → -1.306+0.390
Republic of the Congo-1.950 → -1.592+0.358
Trinidad and Tobago-0.255 → 0.071+0.326
Kyrgyzstan-0.189 → 0.099+0.288

Fell most

Niger-0.399 → -1.020−0.621
Cuba-0.731 → -1.340−0.609
Sudan-2.008 → -2.582−0.574
Qatar0.308 → -0.131−0.439
Rwanda-0.641 → -1.035−0.394

Both years come from the same release, so a difference here is a change in the data, not a revision of it. Every country’s full history is charted on the statistic page.

04Caveats

Read before you use

What this edition’s numbers are and are not, worked out from the file itself.

How values are stored

One year of the 2026 release
Every year in this series comes from Growth Lab at Harvard University’s 2026 release, recalculated on one method. It can differ from what was first published for 2023.
142 distinct values among 145
Values are stored exactly as published, to 3 decimals. 2 countries share 1.229. Countries sharing a value share a position too.
The rank is Growth Lab at Harvard University’s
Printed as the publisher ranked the countries; never re-ranked here.
Nothing missing
Every one of the 145 countries has every column.

05The files

Download and cite

The table as a file, digit for digit, what this site changed, and a citation for this edition.

Licence in full

.csv
For a spreadsheet or code
145 rows · 4.5 KB · UTF-8, opens in Excel
Opens with 11 lines of source notes; the table starts on row 13.
Download economic-complexity-2023-nations-inquiry.csv
↗
The publisher’s original
Growth Lab at Harvard University’s own file, on its own site.
13439575

What this site changed: Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Licence: CC0 1.0 · what it allows, in plain words

Cite this edition

Growth Lab at Harvard University (2023). Economic Complexity Index, 2023 [data set], describing 2023. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/economic-complexity/2023

0630 held

Other years

‹ The year before
Economic Complexity Index, 2022
145 countries
The year after ›
Economic Complexity Index, 2024
145 countries
All of them
Economic Complexity Index: every year
30 held, with the data dictionary, coverage and licence.
How it has moved, charted by country

07Questions