Independent rankings built from public data — every figure traceable to the body that published it.
Report year 2013Data year 2013
ECI score (standardised, roughly −3 to +3)Higher is better — rank 1 leadsPublished by Growth Lab at Harvard University
30 reference years (1995–2024), covering 140 to 145 countries, on the HS92 trade classification, from the Growth Lab's "Growth Projections and Complexity Rankings" deposit (doi:10.7910/DVN/XTAQMC, version 12.0). The index measures the KNOW-HOW embedded in what a country exports: how diverse its export basket is, and how few other countries can make the same things. ⚠ THE RANK IS THE GROWTH LAB'S OWN and is stored as published — nothing is derived here. ⚠ THIRTY EDITIONS, ONE REPORT: version 12.0 recomputes every year back to 1995 on its current method, so these are not thirty published rankings. ⚠ IT IS BUILT FROM TRADE IN GOODS, so economies that live on services or on a single resource are described poorly — an oil exporter scores low however rich it is, which is the finding rather than a flaw. ⚠ THE DATA HAS BEEN ON DISK SINCE 2026-09-06 and unreachable, because no registry entry existed; adding one is the whole of what batch 8 did for it.
Economic Complexity Index 2013 — Growth Lab at Harvard University
Cite as: The Growth Lab at Harvard University. Growth Projections and Complexity Rankings, doi:10.7910/DVN/XTAQMC.
Licence: CC0 1.0
ECI values and ranks on the HS92 trade classification, from the Growth Lab's "Growth Projections and Complexity Rankings" deposit (doi:10.7910/DVN/XTAQMC, version 12.0). The rank is the Growth Lab's own; none is derived. ⚠ The file carries no country names — the names here are this site's canonical spellings, resolved from the publisher's ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes.
145 rows × 4 columns · imported from the publisher’s published data file on
Select any column heading to sort by it; select it again to reverse.
| Rank | Country | ISO Code | ECI score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | JPN | 2.016 |
| 2 | Switzerland | CHE | 1.750 |
| 3 | South Korea | KOR | 1.659 |
| 4 | Taiwan | TWN | 1.636 |
| 5 | Germany | DEU | 1.537 |
| 6 | Czechia | CZE | 1.493 |
| 7 | Singapore | SGP | 1.483 |
| 8 | Sweden | SWE | 1.452 |
| 9 | Finland | FIN | 1.426 |
| 10 | Austria | AUT | 1.402 |
| 11 | Slovenia | SVN | 1.370 |
| 12 | United Kingdom | GBR | 1.322 |
| 13 | United States | USA | 1.295 |
| 14 | Hungary | HUN | 1.266 |
| 15 | France | FRA | 1.265 |
| 16 | Ireland | IRL | 1.245 |
| 17 | Italy | ITA | 1.213 |
| 18 | China | CHN | 1.209 |
| 19 | Belgium | BEL | 1.206 |
| 20 | Slovakia | SVK | 1.163 |
| 21 | Israel | ISR | 1.104 |
| 22 | Poland | POL | 1.086 |
| 23 | Hong Kong | HKG | 1.083 |
| 24 | Netherlands | NLD | 1.039 |
| 25 | Denmark | DNK | 1.035 |
| 26 | Norway | NOR | 0.995 |
| 27 | Canada | CAN | 0.966 |
| 28 | Malaysia | MYS | 0.954 |
| 29 | Belarus | BLR | 0.946 |
| 30 | Mexico | MEX | 0.934 |
| 31 | Estonia | EST | 0.930 |
| 32 | Spain | ESP | 0.891 |
| 33 | Croatia | HRV | 0.866 |
| 34 | Thailand | THA | 0.863 |
| 35 | Romania | ROU | 0.847 |
| 36 | Russia | RUS | 0.823 |
| 37 | Lithuania | LTU | 0.801 |
| 38 | Panama | PAN | 0.801 |
| 39 | Latvia | LVA | 0.782 |
| 40 | Ukraine | UKR | 0.765 |
| 41 | Portugal | PRT | 0.739 |
| 42 | Brazil | BRA | 0.693 |
| 43 | Bulgaria | BGR | 0.664 |
| 44 | Serbia | SRB | 0.641 |
| 45 | Saudi Arabia | SAU | 0.593 |
| 46 | South Africa | ZAF | 0.579 |
| 47 | Philippines | PHL | 0.576 |
| 48 | India | IND | 0.571 |
| 49 | Türkiye | TUR | 0.569 |
| 50 | Cyprus | CYP | 0.566 |
| 51 | New Zealand | NZL | 0.557 |
| 52 | United Arab Emirates | ARE | 0.531 |
| 53 | Bahrain | BHR | 0.531 |
| 54 | Argentina | ARG | 0.411 |
| 55 | Greece | GRC | 0.406 |
| 56 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | BIH | 0.404 |
| 57 | Lebanon | LBN | 0.379 |
| 58 | Tunisia | TUN | 0.371 |
| 59 | Costa Rica | CRI | 0.334 |
| 60 | Eswatini | SWZ | 0.325 |
| 61 | Colombia | COL | 0.295 |
| 62 | Australia | AUS | 0.292 |
| 63 | Jordan | JOR | 0.259 |
| 64 | Vietnam | VNM | 0.223 |
| 65 | Indonesia | IDN | 0.211 |
| 66 | Uruguay | URY | 0.179 |
| 67 | Moldova | MDA | 0.149 |
| 68 | Georgia | GEO | 0.123 |
| 69 | Kuwait | KWT | 0.106 |
| 70 | Mauritius | MUS | 0.086 |
| 71 | Chile | CHL | 0.062 |
| 72 | El Salvador | SLV | 0.017 |
| 73 | Namibia | NAM | 0.014 |
| 74 | North Macedonia | MKD | 0.002 |
| 75 | Egypt | EGY | -0.018 |
| 76 | Armenia | ARM | -0.023 |
| 77 | Qatar | QAT | -0.106 |
| 78 | Iran | IRN | -0.144 |
| 79 | Trinidad and Tobago | TTO | -0.161 |
| 80 | Nepal | NPL | -0.164 |
| 81 | Guatemala | GTM | -0.189 |
| 82 | Kyrgyzstan | KGZ | -0.206 |
| 83 | Cuba | CUB | -0.227 |
| 84 | Dominican Republic | DOM | -0.233 |
| 85 | Kenya | KEN | -0.240 |
| 86 | Albania | ALB | -0.264 |
| 87 | Morocco | MAR | -0.327 |
| 88 | Oman | OMN | -0.350 |
| 89 | Botswana | BWA | -0.355 |
| 90 | Kazakhstan | KAZ | -0.371 |
| 91 | Zambia | ZMB | -0.389 |
| 92 | Jamaica | JAM | -0.434 |
| 93 | Sri Lanka | LKA | -0.478 |
| 94 | Uganda | UGA | -0.484 |
| 95 | Peru | PER | -0.485 |
| 96 | Venezuela | VEN | -0.489 |
| 97 | Pakistan | PAK | -0.512 |
| 98 | Senegal | SEN | -0.542 |
| 99 | Paraguay | PRY | -0.619 |
| 100 | Gabon | GAB | -0.632 |
| 101 | Togo | TGO | -0.638 |
| 102 | Ghana | GHA | -0.651 |
| 103 | Zimbabwe | ZWE | -0.688 |
| 104 | Honduras | HND | -0.702 |
| 105 | Tanzania | TZA | -0.749 |
| 106 | Rwanda | RWA | -0.751 |
| 107 | Ecuador | ECU | -0.763 |
| 108 | Afghanistan | AFG | -0.795 |
| 109 | Cambodia | KHM | -0.801 |
| 110 | Bangladesh | BGD | -0.862 |
| 111 | Uzbekistan | UZB | -0.875 |
| 112 | Cameroon | CMR | -0.879 |
| 113 | Liberia | LBR | -0.939 |
| 114 | Azerbaijan | AZE | -1.001 |
| 115 | Ethiopia | ETH | -1.033 |
| 116 | Nicaragua | NIC | -1.065 |
| 117 | Malawi | MWI | -1.077 |
| 118 | Côte d’Ivoire | CIV | -1.097 |
| 119 | Benin | BEN | -1.158 |
| 120 | Madagascar | MDG | -1.160 |
| 121 | Haiti | HTI | -1.193 |
| 122 | Burkina Faso | BFA | -1.214 |
| 123 | Laos | LAO | -1.224 |
| 124 | Mali | MLI | -1.249 |
| 125 | Tajikistan | TJK | -1.274 |
| 126 | Bolivia | BOL | -1.285 |
| 127 | Mozambique | MOZ | -1.308 |
| 128 | Mongolia | MNG | -1.318 |
| 129 | Algeria | DZA | -1.329 |
| 130 | Niger | NER | -1.455 |
| 131 | Republic of the Congo | COG | -1.514 |
| 132 | Guinea | GIN | -1.546 |
| 133 | Myanmar | MMR | -1.599 |
| 134 | Yemen | YEM | -1.621 |
| 135 | Sudan | SDN | -1.717 |
| 136 | DR Congo | COD | -1.881 |
| 137 | Turkmenistan | TKM | -1.980 |
| 138 | Nigeria | NGA | -1.987 |
| 139 | Papua New Guinea | PNG | -1.995 |
| 140 | Iraq | IRQ | -2.078 |
| 141 | Angola | AGO | -2.092 |
| 142 | Libya | LBY | -2.125 |
| 143 | Equatorial Guinea | GNQ | -2.187 |
| 144 | Mauritania | MRT | -2.339 |
| 145 | Chad | TCD | -2.850 |